commonly proliferous and forming clones. Stems upright, forming caudex, to 1.6cm thick (cormlike in O. crotalophoroides); gemmae absent. Trophophores erect
9 KB (450 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
margins, each surrounded by 5–7 epithelial cells. Seed-cones 2–3 × 1.3–1.6cm, on curved stalks 2.5–4.5 × 3.5–5mm; scales 45–55, margins entire, adaxial
6 KB (518 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 2–6cm, tan to pale redbrown, lustrous, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm; apophyses nearly rhombic, variously elongate
8 KB (587 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
through which leaves emerge at top, leaves 2 per stem. Trophophore stalk to 0.6cm, 0.1-0.2 times as long as trophophore blade. Trophophore blade lying nearly
5 KB (503 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
ovoid to depressed-globose when open, 3–6cm, dull gray-brown to tan or greenish gray, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales lacking contrasting border
8 KB (555 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
10. Stems erect, to 8 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves sessile; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5–6cm, surfaces glabrate. Inflorescences
6 KB (676 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
symmetric, ovoid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 3.5–6cm, light-redbrown, nearly sessile; apophyses slightly thickened, slightly raised
6 KB (479 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
light-redbrown, 0.5–0.7cm, resinous; scale margins fringed. Leaves 1 (–2) per fascicle, ascending, persisting 4–6 (–10) years, 2–6cm × 1.3–2 (–2.5) mm, curved
7 KB (500 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
ovoid, light-redbrown, ca. 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. Leaves (3–) 4 (–5) per fascicle, persisting 3–4 years, (2–) 3–6cm × (1–) 1.2–1.7mm, curved, connivent
7 KB (490 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
2–0.6 cm; blade spatulate to oblong, 0.8–1.6cm × 3–5 mm, base cuneate, margins entire, apex obtuse. Cauline leaves sessile; blade 0.5–1.7 (–2) cm × 3–5
7 KB (734 words) - 12:28, 30 July 2020
resinous, margins entire, apex pointed or slightly rounded. Leaves (1–) 2–6cm × l. 5–2.5mm, 2-ranked, flexible, with leaves at center of branch segment
9 KB (660 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
lines, margins finely serrulate, apex acute to short-subulate; sheath 0.3–0.6cm, semipersistent. Pollen cones cylindric, 10–15mm, yellow to orangebrown. Seed-cones
8 KB (559 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
triangular, glabrous, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.5–6cm × 2–3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, proximal portion ±straight; cross-section
10 KB (819 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
triangular, glabrous, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2.5–6cm × 3mm, 2-ranked to spiraled, stiff; cross-section flat, with raised vein abaxially
7 KB (500 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
pale redbrown, 0.5–1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 (–4) per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 3–4 years, 2–6cm × 0.6–0.9 (–1) mm, connivent
8 KB (610 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
opening, broadly lance-cylindric when open, 15–25cm, creamy brown to light yellowbrown, stalks to 6cm; apophyses somewhat thickened, strongly cross-keeled
8 KB (530 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
sparsely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2–6cm × 2–3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, proximal portion ± straight; cross-section
7 KB (521 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
inflorescence branches usually without obvious bracts. Spikelets with (0-1) 2 (3-6) glumes (empty bracts) subtending 1-60 florets, glumes and florets distichously
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 14. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 1-500 cm, not woody, usually not branched above the base. Sheaths usually open, often
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
Malvinda Boehmer Pseudomalachra (K. Schumann) Monteiro Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 215, 217, 239, 311. Herbs, annual
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
occasionally sessile; perianth actinomorphic or zygomorphic, often very showy; tepals 6, distinct or less often connate proximally forming tube that may also bear
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
, Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wyo., Eurasia, n Africa None. None. "-6cm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.window.
6 KB (468 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
shoots not keeled and tubular, of extravaginal shoots scalelike. Culms 1-150 cm, hollow, usually unbranched above the base. Sheaths from almost completely
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
obtrullate, rhombic-ovate, broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
Thladiantha, Tumamoca Jussieu Guy L. Nesom Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 170. Plants usually vines, sometimes
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
Scleria, Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia; perianth absent or with (1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
glandular; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound), the
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
1118. 1835. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 215. Mentioned on page 187, 188, 192, 298, 305. Herbs, subshrubs
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
associated with moist to wet habitats, usually with water not more than 50 cm deep in the growing season. Species of Carex are often dominant or co-dominant
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
corymbiform arrays > 6 6 Heads in congested, cymiform to corymbiform arrays; disc florets 4–15; cypselae oblong to obconic Lorandersonia 6 Heads borne singly
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
in A. triquetrum); tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
on page 64. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral outer pair shorter than
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
mostly yellow, infrequently whitish or reddish, funnelform to tubular; tepals 6, connate basally into tube atop a typically constricted neck; limb lobes erect
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
sometimes dioecious; cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 2-160 cm, not woody, erect, decumbent, or geniculate, sometimes rooting at the lower
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
542, 543, 545, 548, 580, 582, 584. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–100+ cm (rhizomatous or taprooted, often with relatively thin, branched fibrous-roots)
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
4-5 dm; leaf blades (2.5-)3-6.5 cm; se New Mexico Eriogonum wootonii 24 Plants 1.5-3.5(-4) dm; leaf blades (2-)4-12(-15) cm; n Texas Eriogonum correllii
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous, sometimes becoming woody
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
page 384. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 12, 385, 461, 471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline;
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
base of the fused pedicels. > 6 6 Secondary panicle branches sharply bent below the pedicels; glumes not winged Lamarckia 6 Secondary panicle branches straight
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
stems stipitate-glandular or not. > 6 6 Corolla beaks relatively short, abaxial lip lengths 50–100% beak lengths. Group 6 6 Corolla beaks longer, abaxial lip
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 602. Plants usually perennial. Culms 7-600 cm, annual, not woody, often reddish or purple, particularly at the nodes, often
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 166. Mentioned on page 4, 6, 71, 152, 159, 167, 175. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, often decumbent
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
reduced leaflike bracts.) Involucres cylindric to ovoid or spheric, (1–6 ×) 1–8 cm. Phyllaries many in 5–20 series, subequal or weakly to strongly, outer
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
narrowly cylindric, (1–)2–3 mm diam.; phyllaries 4 or 5(–6) in ± 1–2 series; florets 4 or 5(–6) > 2 1 Involucres campanulate, cylindric, ellipsoid, hemispheric
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
bitegmic, crassinucellate; styles 1-5 (-6), distinct or connate proximally, absent in staminate flowers; stigmas 2-5 (-6), linear along adaxial surface of styles
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
tepals 6, similar, fleshy, distinct to or connate at base, whitish to cream or tinged slightly with green or purple, occasionally pubescent; stamens 6; filaments
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
stems 5–30 (–40) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, rarely stems 20–80 cm, well branched. > 26 26 Leaf blades 1.5–10 cm; stems 20–80 cm, well branched
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
63, 173, 175, 182. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 20–500 cm. Leaves usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
cespitose, with or without rhizomes, occasionally stoloniferous. Culms 5-150 (275) cm, usually glabrous and smooth throughout, sometimes scabrous or densely pubescent
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
campanulate to hemispheric, 2–6+ mm diam.; pistillate turbinate or campanulate to cylindric, 3–7 (–9+) mm diam. Phyllaries in 3–6+ series, usually relatively
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
page 254. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 6, 76, 255, 257, 300, 301, 306. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (0.5–) 1–250 cm. Leaves mostly basal, or basal
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
combination of these, ovate or obovate to linear, sometimes clawed; stamens 6, alternating in 2 whorls of 3, erect, incurved, or divergent; filaments mostly
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 10-250 cm, usually erect, rarely prostrate, glabrous. Sheaths open, usually glabrous
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
3.1–12 × 0.6–2.6 cm, apex usually acute; petals 3, ridged abaxially, with 2 adaxial longitudinal median rounded ridges, 3–11.2 × 0.6–3.4 cm, apex usually
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
contrasting colors, differentiated into sepals and petals, actinomorphic, 4–18 cm diam.; floral-tube distal to ovary, terete or occasionally ridged, solid proximally
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
with branchlets not especially slender; various distribution > 6 6 Leaves mainly 0.3-0.8 cm wide; bract tip lacking lateral teeth; shrubs mainly 8-20 dm;
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
Leaves dimorphic, spirally arranged; foliage leaves (needles) (1–) 2–5 (–6) per fascicle, persisting 2–12 or more years, terete or ± 2–3-angled and rounded
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
often sharply distinct from the blades of the cauline leaves. Culms 5-150 cm, herbaceous, hollow, usually erect or ascending, rarely sprawling, in the
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 353. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800 cm, annual, usually not woody. Leaves basal and/or cauline; sheaths usually open;
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
wing 0.3-0.6 mm wide; racemes 3-7-flowered. Boechera rollei 12 Petals 4.5-6 mm; fruits 3-5(-6) mm wide; seeds with wing 0.8-1.5 mm wide; racemes 6-12-flowered
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
page 51, 136, 148, 149, 157, 170. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 20–300 (–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
tomentose, sometimes muriculate. Seeds 6–75, spherical or ovoid, glabrous, often arillate with elaiosome. x = 6, 7. Nearly worldwide, temperate regions
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
fistulose, 2–6 dm. Leaf-blades (2–) 3–10 2–6 cm, tomentose abaxially, subglabrous adaxially. Inflorescences cymose, 20–100 × (5–) 10–50 cm. Involucres
4 KB (877 words) - 10:39, 30 July 2020
mostly laminar, sometimes subterete, turgid ± throughout. Cymes: branches 2-3 (-6), simple or bifurcate; cincinni circinate or not. Pedicels erect to pendent
10 KB (581 words) - 12:54, 30 July 2020
developing with new stem growth and dormant (immature inflorescences) for 6–9 months, usually pendent, can erect whenimmature, pendent in flower; bracts
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80 (–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). Leaves basal, basal and cauline
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than 2 times as long as inflorescences, sheathless; lateral spikes
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
thyrses 2–4 cm; stems 8–12 cm. Penstemon tracyi 15 Proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate; thyrses 0.5–23(–50) cm; stems 3–70(–120) cm. > 16 16
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
connate basally), white to pink, blue, or violet, equal, rarely clawed; stamens 6, all fertile, equal; filaments bearded or glabrous; ovary 3-locular, ovules
17 KB (671 words) - 00:52, 30 July 2020
absent or a mucro or awn (tooth) at apex of sheath, very rarely flattened, to 6 cm. Inflorescences terminal; spikelet 1; involucral-bracts absent, rarely a
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent to prostrate, usually
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
stipelike; perianth green, pinkish, or red, campanulate, glabrous; tepals (5–) 6, connate proximally, sepaloid, dimorphic, outer 3 remaining small, inner 3
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
Staminate flowers: sepals (3–) 5 (–6), valvate or slightly imbricate, distinct or connate basally; petals (3–) 5 (–6) or 0, distinct, white; nectary extrastaminal
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
beyond ovary, tube gradually to abruptly expanded, limb 5-lobed; stamens 3–6, exserted; styles exserted beyond stamens; stigmas capitate. Fruits radially
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
petiole 0.1–3 (–4) cm, mostly tomentose to floccose or glabrous; blade oblong-ovate or oblanceolate to elliptic to oval, 0.3–3 (–4) × 0.1–2.5 cm, densely lanate
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
dense rosettes, usually alternate, sometimes opposite or in whorls of 3–5 [–6], ± alike, petiolate or sessile, not connate basally; blade linear to orbiculate
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
perennial; herbaceous, usually cespitose, occasionally rhizomatous. Culms 10-150 cm, not woody, sometimes branched above the base; internodes usually pith-filled
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ± throughout)
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
erect, occasionally reflexed, leaflike proximally, scalelike distally. Flowers 6-merous, bisexual or functionally unisexual; perianth of 2 similar petallike
13 KB (701 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
706. Plants perennial; often cespitose, usually rhizomatous. Culms 10-210 cm, unbranched or branched, more or less smooth, nodes 1-8. Sheaths open, smooth
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
Seeds (1–) 3–6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. x = 5, 6, 7, 8. North
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
(minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 6–12. North America, Mexico, South America (Andes), South America (Colombia to
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
base (split to base in Tolmiea); sepals usually (4–) 5 (–6), distinct; petals usually (4–) 5 (–6) or absent, distinct, lobed or unlobed; nectary disc often
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
Munz (1942, 1944), H. Hara (1953), and others. H. E. Baillon (1866–1895, vol. 6) was the first author to merge Isnardia and Jussiaea under Ludwigia, and consequently
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or obovate to oblanceolate, 2–60 (–120) × 1.2–40 cm, nearly smooth to tuberculate, glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually elliptic
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
Plateilema, Psathyrotes, Psilostrophe, Tetraneuris, Trichoptilium Lessing Linnaea 6: 516. 1831. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment
13 KB (688 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
blade ± cordate or reniform to narrowly elliptic in outline, 0.5–25 (–30) cm, foliaceous, rarely ± coriaceous; leaflets 3–15 (–41), terminal sometimes
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
sepaloid bracteoles absent; perianth hypogynous; sepals usually imbricate, 3-6 (-20), distinct, often petaloid and colored, occasionally spurred; petals 0-26
13 KB (392 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
by persistent primary leaves or leaf-bases; longest internodes less than 1cm; buds conspicuous. Roots fibrous to woody, unspecialized. Leaves (needles)
13 KB (769 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms (3) 5-120 cm, usually erect. Sheaths open, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 372. Mentioned on page 6, 365, 366, 367, 373, 427. Subshrubs or herbs, annual (fibrous-rooted or taprooted)
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts 2-3 (these compound, often resembling whorl of 6-9 simple bracts), leaflike
17 KB (836 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
subcapitate, smooth to papillate (50×). Capsules ovoid to urceolate, opening by 6 ascending to recurved teeth; carpophore present or usually absent. Seeds 1–10
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
in the keys are as follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm)
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
up stem > 6 5 Leaves basal and sometimes sheathing up stem, not basal and cauline > 18 6 Involucres glandular-puberulent or puberulent > 7 6 Involucres
30 KB (1,075 words) - 10:46, 30 July 2020
large, as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm, not complanate-foliate, often bearing subfloral innovations below the gametangia
17 KB (677 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
stipules 0.2–1.6 mm. > 33 33 Involucres 0.4–0.6 × 0.5–0.9 mm, glands 0.1 × 0.1–0.2 mm, appendages absent. Euphorbia micromera 33 Involucres 0.6–2.5 × 0.5–2
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
on page 512. Mentioned on page 51, 460, 513, 534, 539. Perennials, 20–180 cm (corms globose to depressed-ovoid or napiform, sometimes elongated, becoming
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
page 3, 5, 255, 336, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; mostly opposite (Lasthenia)
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
sometimes mixed with aciculi, rarely absent. Leaves deciduous, (2–) 4–11 (–17) cm, leathery to membranous; stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, auricles
24 KB (1,103 words) - 13:51, 30 July 2020
prominent than midvein, blade 2+ cm, longer than its sheath, 2–4.5 mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–6 spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts
16 KB (801 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
Stigmas 2; capsule valves 2 Cistanthe 5 Stigmas 1 or 3; capsule valves 2-3 > 6 6 Sepals mostly deciduous; inflorescences not appearing secund; leaves articulate
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
Plants perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 20-310 cm, erect, much-branched distally. Leaves not aromatic; ligules membranous, sometimes
14 KB (1,071 words) - 04:25, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 12, 95, 172, 176, 195. Annuals or perennials (sometimes coarse and/or robust
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
21. Treatment on page 183. Mentioned on page 6, 41, 184. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–400 cm (sometimes rhizomatous or with cormiform bases
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
(4-)5(-6)-locular; fruits capsular; inflorescence axes fibrous, persistent after seed dispersal > 7 4 Petals connate > 5 4 Petals distinct > 6 5 Inflorescence
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
the highest cauline node. Spikelets usually with 1 floret, sometimes with 2-6 florets, laterally compressed to terete; rachillas not prolonged beyond the
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
petals [2–] 3 [–4], distinct or variously connate; androecium: stamens [3–] 6–34 [–1000]; filaments distinct or connate or basally adnate to petals; anthers
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7 Stems 3–10(–15) cm; cauline leaf pairs 1–3; thyrses 1–6 cm; verticillasters 1–5(or 6). Penstemon bracteatus 7 Stems (4–)7–77(–82) cm; cauline leaf pairs
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Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas. Streptanthus hyacinthoides 6 Racemes bracteate throughout or partly > 7 6 Racemes ebracteate throughout > 14 7 Racemes bracteate
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Mentioned on page 5, 317. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 2–45 (–75) cm. Leaves cauline; opposite or alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly
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narrowly obovate, sometimes obtrullate, ovate, or suborbiculate, (0.6–) 1–4 (–5) cm, thin to coriaceous, firm to floppy, base narrowly cuneate to rounded
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page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate)
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spikelets with scales membranous to often cartilaginous; culms 3–45 cm. Eleocharis geniculata 6 Achenes 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex often constricted proximal
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page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular
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solitary (versus 1–3), slightly or not fragrant (versus fragrant), 3–5 cm diam. (versus 5–10 cm diam.), with often pinnately lobed sepals (versus entire or slightly
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sparse > 45 45 Inflorescences 4-6 cm; leaf blades 1.5-2.5 cm. Ribes lobbii 45 Inflorescences 2-3 cm; leaf blades 2.5-3.5 cm. Ribes marshallii 46 Stamen lengths
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on page 3, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 97, 102, 105, 106. Perennials, 5–100 (–200) cm; woody caudices or rhizomes. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, sometimes
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glandular-pubescent, not glutinous and covered with sand, not fistulose. > 6 6 Basal and proximal cauline leaf blades linear. > 7 7 Stems retrorsely hairy;
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Floating leaf blade 0.6–1.5 cm; peduncle 0.5–3 cm; fruits 1.5–2.5 mm. Potamogeton vaseyi 21 Floating leaf blade 1.5–12 cm; peduncle 2.5–9.5 cm; fruits if formed
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539. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rarely rhizomatous. Culms 10-600 cm, erect or decumbent. Ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades flat
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dislodged, straight to curved, cylindric to slightly clavate, 2–40 (–50) × 0.3–5.5 cm, usually glabrous, tuberculate; areoles elliptic, circular, ovate, obovate
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among heads mostly entire > 6 5 Annuals, 30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic; leaves 2–3-pinnatifid; arrays of heads 10–20 cm diam Artemisia annua 5 Annuals
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Blades 7.5-16.5 cm long; culm nodes 1-2(3) Bromus hallii 13 Blades (13)18-38 cm long; culm nodes 3-7 Bromus grandis 11 Culms 30-100 cm tall; awns 1—4 mm
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3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked. Staminate flowers: perianth of 4 (–6) sepals, well defined, minute, membranaceous. Pistillate flowers 2–3 per scale
5 KB (331 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10–80 (–200) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite
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foliaceous or woody in infructescences. Staminate flowers bracteate; stamens (1–) 4–6; anthers 2-locular, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, pollen-sacs often ± distinct;
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(3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect, ascending, or spreading; inflorescences umbel-like or racemelike, 1–3.5(–4) cm. > 5 5
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on page 50. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 51, 68, 72, 85, 188. Shrubs (trees in Ericameria parishii var. parishii), 10–500 cm. Stems usually erect to ascending
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anther abortion), linear; styles (3–) 5 (–6), clavate to filiform, 0.5–2 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas (3–) 5 (–6), subterminal to linear along adaxial
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 8. Mentioned on page 3, 6. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (usually taprooted, perennating
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in slender chains; ovary 0–1, if present, inferior, 2–6 [–16] -carpellate, 1-locular or falsely 6–9-locular; placentation parietal. Fruits berrylike. Seeds
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68. Plants usually perennial, rarely annual; rhizomatous. Culms (10) 20-250 cm, erect or decumbent, freely rooting at the lower nodes, not cormous based
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in 2–3+ series, unequal > 6 6 Cypselae hairy; pappi of 12–25, or ca. 50 bristles or setiform to subulate scales Clappiinae 6 Cypselae glabrous; pappi usually
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1-many-flowered cymes or panicles or flowers solitary or in fascicles, to 15 cm; bracts present and leaflike or ± scalelike or absent, not forming involucre
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lar); sepals 5 (6 in H. eastwoodiae), green, white, cream, yellow, pink, purple, or red, often green or red tinged; petals (1–) 5 (–6 in H. eastwoodiae)
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mm. > 6 6 Stems 70–160 cm, (perennials); corollas 25–35 mm, lobes 6–14 mm; styles 15–28 mm; pedicels 5–25 mm. Agalinis linifolia 6 Stems 5–75 cm, (annuals);
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Involucres: staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm. Phyllaries distally red to pink, light-brown, or white. Corollas: staminate 3–4.5 mm; pistillate 5–6 mm. Cypselae
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brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6–60 cm, glaucous in a few species, glabrous, base narrowed gradually or abruptly
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Asplenium serratum 6 Petioles 1 cm or less, dull; stem scales 0.6–1 mm wide, sparsely denticulate. Asplenium dalhousiae 6 Petioles 1–10 cm, lustrous; stem
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Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 395. Biennials or perennials, to 120 cm. Stems erect, often scapiform (1 stem per crown in biennials, usually 3+ in
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globoid, campanulate, or urceolate, (2.5–) 6–32 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (or inner falling), usually (6–) 16–30 (–40) in 2 series and unequal, sometimes
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suborbiculate, 2–6 (–9.5) cm, thin to chartaceous, sometimes subcoriaceous, base cuneate to rounded, truncate, or broadly ovate, lobes 0, or 1–5 (or 6) per side
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cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often soft), tuberculate
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from blade, (apex obtuse, rounded, emarginate, or subemarginate); stamens (6, rarely 4), equal in length; filaments not dilated basally; anthers ovate,
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pseudobulbous. > 6 5 Leaf sheath flat or only slightly inflated; plants not pseudobulbous. > 10 6 Leaf blade channeled to involute; scapes 8–35 cm; floral bracts
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Ovules 4–8 per locule; ovary 1.4–3 cm × 6–15 mm. > 4 3 Ovules 1–3(–4) per locule; ovary 0.7–1.5 cm × 5–10 mm. > 8 4 Corona 6 cm or wider. Hymenocallis rotata
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page 23, 24, 29, 49, 51, 61, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 78, 83, 86. Shrubs, 0.005–6 m, clonal by layering or rhizomes, rarely root shoots, or not clonal. Stems
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appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 1-5 (-9) -branched from within 1 cm of stem attachment, 2-7 (-16) cm, cormlike to fascicled or fibrous, ± fleshy, ± succulent,
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Selaginella rupestris and its allies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 42: 1--99, plates 1--6. Tryon, R. M. 1971. The process of evolutionary migration in species of Selaginella
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Scapes 4–15 cm; petals 10–15 mm; capsules 2–4 mm; e North America. Oxalis montana 10 Scapes (6–)11–25 cm; petals (8–)15–25 mm; capsules 6–8(–12) mm; w
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page 366. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 255, 257, 364, 365, 375. Perennials, 5–100 cm (rhizomes relatively long and thin; caudices woody, relatively short and thick)
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Inflorescences terminal, 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences
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mostly diploid (n = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Babcock concluded that there was a progressive decrease in the chromosome numbers, from n = 6 to n = 3. Along with the decrease
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short-hairy; pappi 0 or of 1–2 (–6) equal or subequal, smooth, antrorsely barbellulate, or subplumose bristles 0.5–4.6 mm plus callous crowns or hyaline
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well developed, resembling calyx-tube, tepals and stamens perigynous; tepals 6 (-9), in 2 (-3) whorls of 3, sepaloid, equal or rarely unequal, if unequal
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> 6 6 Thyrses 8–30 cm, interrupted; stems (25–)30–60 cm; Arizona. Penstemon distans 6 Thyrses 2–7(–8) cm, continuous or interrupted; stems 2–25 cm; Utah
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scalelike; sepals falling immediately after anthesis, 6, yellow; petals 6, yellow, nectariferous; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by valves; pollen exine punctate;
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dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 6–36, lustrous black, obpyriform to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–4 mm. x = 15. North America Species 6 (6 in the flora). Cmassia has been
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to funnelform to salverform, connate basally into tube, 2–16 cm; tepals subequal; stamens 6, of 2 different lengths, appearing equal or subequal (anthers
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 485. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 11, 486, 498. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (herbage
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blackish green distally, yellowbrown to dark-brown proximally. Stems usually to 2 cm, occasionally branching; rounded-pentagonal in transverse-section, hyalodermis
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tightly to loosely cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. Culms 10-250 cm, erect, not branching at the upper nodes; basal branching extra or intravaginal;
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inflorescences, 6 cm or longer; perigynia 1.9–3 mm wide. > 10 9 Proximal bracts shorter than to less than 2 times as long as inflorescences, to 6(–11) cm; if longer
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 42. Mentioned on page 6, 43, 64, 135. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–300 cm. Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline;
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cymiform arrays (to 12 cm wide). Peduncles 1–20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to subcylindric, 6–16 × 2–4 mm. Phyllaries
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capsules 4-6.5 mm. Lysimachia hybrida 10 Stems simple or branching distally; leaves dimorphic, distal blades 3-18 × 0.2-1.6 cm, proximal blades 2-5 × 0.6-1.8
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(smooth), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. North America, n Mexico, s South America (Argentina)
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prow-shaped. Panicles 1-29 cm, contracted to open, usually with fewer than 100 spikelets; nodes with 1-5 branches; branches 0.5-18 cm, terete or angled, smooth
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rossii), linear, lanceolate, or oblong to elliptic, ovate, or broadly ovate, 1.5–6 (–9) mm, margins herbaceous or silvery and scarious, apex rounded or obtuse
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page 358. Plants annual, perennial, or of indefinite duration. Culms 5-250 cm, erect or decumbent, branching basally or at aerial culm nodes, when annual
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plumose, (0.5–) 2–25 (–31) × 0.01–0.6 mm; radial spines (6–) 10–80 per areole, straight to curved or crinkly bristles, (0.6–) 3–25 mm; central spines 0–several
18 KB (1,104 words) - 09:27, 30 July 2020
scoparium, Crocanthemum suffrutescens Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 6: 370. 1836. Bruce A. Sorrie Common names: Frostweed rushrose rockrose Etymology:
9 KB (561 words) - 11:40, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 333, 334. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 2–45 (–75) cm (glabrous or hairy, often glanddotted). Stems erect to pendent. Leaves mostly
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spatulate, sometimes oblong-triangular, 1.5–12 (–17) × 0.5–4 (–6) cm, 1–5 mm thick, base 0.5–3 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate or subobtuse, surfaces
10 KB (763 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–) 5–50 (–120+) [200+] cm. Leaves mostly cauline, sometimes basal or basal and cauline; mostly opposite
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elliptic to linear, orbiculate, lanceolate, or ovate, [0.3–] 0.4–15 (–21) cm, leathery to membranous, margins flat or revolute, entire, venation pinnate
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synoecious; habit various, cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 1-80 cm. Leaves usually mostly basal; sheaths open; ligules of hairs, membranous,
16 KB (1,065 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
page 219, 349, 351, 354, 360, 361, 370. Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). Stems 1+, usually erect, sometimes
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subdivided into fingerlike lobes), glabrous (pubescent in P. alba); stamens (6–) 8 in chasmogamous flowers, fewer in cleistogamous flowers, not grouped; ovary
19 KB (903 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
to orbiculate, 2–30 cm, herbaceous to ± coriaceous, leaflets 0 or 3, 5, 7, or 9, terminal ovate to elliptic to obovate, 1.7–15 cm, base cuneate to rounded
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
resemblances Synonyms: Hesperalcea Greene Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 319. Mentioned on page 216, 219, 320, 327, 328, 329, 330
21 KB (668 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
stalked; blades linear, oblong, or deltate, simple to 5-pinnate, 4–25 × 1–35 cm. Pinnae (reduced to segments in many species) spreading to ascending, fan-shaped
19 KB (579 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
332, 336, 3. Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1–6, basal; blade linear, crescent-shaped in cross-section. Scape solitary, cylindrical
12 KB (690 words) - 06:01, 30 July 2020
or matted, sometimes forming hanging clumps, often aromatic, (0.1–) 0.3–6 (–6.5) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, sericeous, villous, or pilose, sometimes
19 KB (1,253 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
oblong-ovate, obovate, quadrangular, suborbiculate, or orbiculate, 0.2–10 × 0.2–6 cm, membranous to coriaceous, base tapering or truncate to rounded or cordate
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Perennials, 5–10 cm. Leaves: basal 2-pinnate, 3–20 cm, lobes 2–50 × 0.5–2 (–3) mm; cauline 0–12. Heads 1–60 per stem. Peduncles 1–16 cm. Phyllaries whitish
8 KB (620 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
campanulate or funnelform to nearly salverform with recurved tepals, 1–6.5 × 0.6–10 cm; outer tepals entire or fringed; inner tepals variously colored, never
25 KB (1,748 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
short extension of spine-bearing areoles, campanulate or funnelform, 1–6.7 × 1–6 (–7) cm; outer tepals with greenish lavender, reddish-brown, yellowish-brown
19 KB (1,100 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
clothed by scalelike leaves or by decurrent leaf-bases; longest internodes to 1 cm; buds undifferentiated and inconspicuous (except in Sequoia). Roots fibrous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 201, 231, 238. Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose or not, often scaly-rhizomatous
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rhizomatous. Culms 5-190 cm. Sheaths closed to near the top, usually pubescent; auricles sometimes present; ligules membranous, to 6 mm, usually erose or lacerate;
16 KB (1,697 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 278. Mentioned on page 219, 279. Perennials, (5–) 20–150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
absent; stamens 5-6, adnate to styles and stigmas, forming gynostemium; ovary inferior, 3-locular, 5-locular, or 6-locular; styles 3, 5, or 6, connate in column
10 KB (491 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
on page 383. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 17, 384, 394, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3–100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much
13 KB (844 words) - 22:21, 29 July 2020
page 503. Mentioned on page 6, 26, 53, 398, 486, 487, 498, 504, 50. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–350 cm (usually, rarely not, aromatic)
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perennial; habit various, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or cespitose. Culms 10-300 cm; internodes pith-filled. Sheaths strongly keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent;
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461, 462, 541, 552. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], mostly 20–220 cm. Stems usually erect, rarely scandent, sparsely to densely branched. Leaves
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margins entire or finely toothed, apex long-acuminate, costa short. Seta 0.6–0.8 cm. Capsule erect, oblong-cylindric, symmetric or weakly curved; annulus sometimes
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cespitose or soboliferous, not or only shortly rhizomatous. Culms (4) 9-250 cm, sometimes forming a basal corm; nodes and internodes usually glabrous. Sheaths
16 KB (1,258 words) - 02:39, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 176. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 135, 182. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 10–150 [–300+] cm. Leaves mostly basal or mostly cauline;
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cespitose, sometimes weakly or strongly stoloniferous and mat-forming. Culms 2-100 cm, erect or decumbent, sometimes geniculate; internodes hollow. Sheaths open
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present; buds nodding [erect]. Flowers: sepals 2 (-3), distinct; petals 4 (-6); stamens many; pistil 3-18 [-22] -carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely
11 KB (522 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
page 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm (taprooted, rhizomatous in G. oölepis). Stems (1–6+) usually
23 KB (1,525 words) - 22:29, 29 July 2020
green distally, brown to reddish-brown or tan proximally. Stems to 2 (–9) cm; hyalodermis occasionally present, sclerodermis usually present, central strand
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white; orifice rim 2.6-7.5 mm wide at thickest point; scapes 16-35 cm; style arms 2.6-4.1 cm. Sarracenia rosea 6 Petals yellow > 7 6 Petals maroon to red
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×novae-angliae 4 Tendrils or inflorescences present at only 2 consecutive nodes. > 6 6 Leaf blade abaxial surface densely tomentose, concealed (except sometimes
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 21. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 27. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association
10 KB (422 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
canescens var. shastensis). Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, 6–16 × 6–30 mm. Phyllaries 25–100 in 3–12 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed
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or subterminal, papillate (30×). Capsules globose to conic, opening by 3 or 6, occasionally 4, 8, or 10 ascending to recurved valves; carpophore present
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blades. > 6 6 Fruiting pedicels 0.2–1.1 cm; phyllodia lenticular in cross section; tidal muds; mostly brackish waters. Sagittaria subulata 6 Fruiting pedicels
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page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor odor when
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
terminal, sometimes entirely axillary; cymes 1–6-flowered. Pedicels erect to spreading or reflexed, 0.1–6 mm, sometimes absent. Flowers open, semi-open
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elongate-linear or rectangular; distal cells usually rounded, almost isodiametric, 6–24 µm, papillose only over lumina, papillae 1–4 per cell, conic or 2-fid; marginal
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cohabitation with Ibis, stork, in marshes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 252. Mentioned on page 215, 218, 220, 253, 262. Herbs, annual
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; blade usually elliptic, sometimes linear to obovate, 0.3–3.5 × (0.07–) 0.1–1.2 cm, tomentose abaxially
15 KB (1,118 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
Volume 21. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 45. Perennials, 50–300 cm (robust, rhizomatous or fibrous-rooted). Stems green, bluish green, or purplish
12 KB (678 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
on page 51. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose. Culms (3) 10-250 (300) cm, usually ascending to erect, often geniculate at the lower nodes, occasionally
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or (2–5+) in corymbiform arrays. Peduncles mostly 3–30 cm. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 6–15 mm diam. Phyllaries 5–13 (–15), distinct or connate
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anthers more than 1 mm; culms to 13(–17) cm. > 4 3 Style and anthers less than 0.5(–0.8) mm; culms rarely to 6.5 cm. > 5 4 Culms capillary, 0.1–0.4 mm diam
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Plants perennial; cespitose from knotty bases or rhizomatous. Culms 10-350 cm, erect, terete, solitary or in small to large clumps. Leaves mostly cauline;
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midvein, widest blades not more than 6 mm, glabrous or sheaths hispidulous. Inflorescences racemose, with (1–) 3–6 spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike
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52. Mentioned on page 45. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 (–200) cm (rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted, or taprooted). Stems green. Leaves green, not
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tufts, yellowish green to dark green, dull or shiny. Stems (0.5–) 2–12 (–18) cm, erect, simple or forked, densely tomentose with white or reddish-brown, smooth
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ovate to elliptic-oblong, leathery, 10-cm leaves; and paired axillary, globose, warty, rusty-pubescent syconia 1 cm in diameter. Vernacular names include
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secondary branching fanlike, branches 3–10 (–22) cm, third internode 2–15 (–23) × 1–3.5 (–5) mm, dominant shoot 1–6 mm diam. at base. Staminate pedicels absent
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(subg. Goniopteris). > 4 3 Stellate or forked hairs absent. > 6 4 Blades mostly 15-25 cm wide, proximal pinnae not reduced, blade abruptly narrowed distally
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father of, and Persian tula or tulha, mallow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 220. Mentioned on page 217, 221, 226, 239. Subshrubs, shrubs
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 65, 157. Perennials, 20–250+ cm (fibrous-rooted, rhizomatous, or taprooted). Stems usually erect, usually
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Inflorescences panicles, 3–6-branched; immature inflorescence pendent, (branches crowded, not concealed by bracts), axis 1–3 cm, 1+ mm diam., short-hairy
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Plants unbranched or few branched, deep-seated in substrate or rising 1–15 cm above substrate. Roots appearing as taproots at soil surface, branching, and
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Seeds 4–25, pale-brown to dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent. x = 6, 7. w United States, nw Mexico Species 13 (13 in the flora). Cordylanthus is
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 166. Mentioned on page 155, 156. Stems 0.5–4 (–6) cm, usually comose; sparsely to moderately radiculose. Leaves ovate, ovatelanceolate
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unknown plant Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Mentioned on page 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33. Plants
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techniques. Johnston, L. A. 1975. Revision of the Rhamnus serrata complex. Sida 6: 67–79. Wolf, C. B. 1938. The North American species of Rhamnus. Rancho Santa
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Leaf-blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5–10 (–14) × 0.5–8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate or serrate (or crenate to shallowly round-lobed
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365. Mentioned on page 19, 182, 361, 362, 372, 382, 466. Perennials, 10–120 cm (rhizomes long and slender to short and thick, sometimes cormoid, often becoming
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or cupulate; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, distinct, nectaries present on all tepals, but better developed on inner ones; stamens 6, included; anthers
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up stem 0.5–4 dm; petiole 1–10 cm, glabrous or tomentose; blade oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1–6 × (0.3–) 1–4 cm, densely white-lanate or tomentose
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rhizome scaly, sometimes with bulbils. Flowering-stems ± erect, leafless, 2–125 cm. Leaves basal, (proximally cauline and crowded in M. tolmiei); stipules absent;
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sheaths open, upper sheaths sometimes inflated; auricles absent; ligules 0.6-6.5 mm, truncate to acute, membranous, puberulent or glabrous, entire to lacerate;
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times as long as wide; wet meadows, marshes, or aquatic habitats. > 6 6 Petioles 2–6(–10) mm. > 7 7 Leaf blades widest near or distal to middle; styles
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or open turfs, red, pink, yellow-green, or brown-green. Stems 0.5–4 (–12) cm, tufted, comose or evenly foliate, freely branching by subfloral innovations;
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rhizomatous; sepals 2.5-5.5 cm; beak 6-10 cm. Clematis baldwinii 13 Largest leaf blades 1-2-pinnate, leaflets mostly deeply lobed; beak 1-3 cm, inconspicuously appressed-pubescent
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80-110 cm tall Bromus arvensis 16 Anthers 1-1.5 mm long; spikelets not purple-tinged; culms 20-70 cm tall. > 17 17 Lemmas with hyaline margins 0.3-0.6 mm wide
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in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8 (-12) -branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (4-) 10-30 (-40) cm, fibrous, twisted, dry, thin threadlike segments apparent
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twisted or curled, 0.1–10 cm, mostly tomentose; blade oblanceolate to elliptic or spatulate to rounded, 0.2–6 × (0.1–) 0.2–1.5 cm, lanate to tomentose or
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Gray in War Department [U.S.] in War Department[U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 6(3): 77, plate 13. 1858 ·. Dieter H. Wilken Etymology: [[Etymology::Alpinegold
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pedunculate, not subtended by foliaceous bracts, (6–) 40–100+ in ± corymbiform to paniculiform arrays (6–) 10–25+ cm diam. Involucres ± campanulate to obconic
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stramineous. Leaves marcescent or winter-persistent, primarily basal, cauline 1–6 (–10), gradually or abruptly reduced distally, alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules
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and intravaginal. Culms 5-120 cm, terete or weakly compressed; nodes terete or weakly compressed. Sheaths closed for (1/6) 1/4 – 3/5 their length, terete
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the internodes, open; ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades 6-25 cm long, 1-8 mm wide, flat or involute, margins not thick and cartilaginous
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353. Plants perennial; sometimes cespitose, often rhizomatous. Culms 10-350 cm, erect, with extravaginal branching. Leaves basal or evenly distributed; sheaths
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loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally rounded-triangular
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petals 4–6.5 mm; Florida. Linum arenicola 5 Styles 3–6.5 mm; petals 7–11 mm; New Mexico, Texas. Linum rupestre 3 Stipular glands absent. > 6 6 False septa
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usually of 6–13 subulate to lanceolate-aristate or shorter and broader scales (longer and shorter often alternating), rarely 0. x = 4, 5, 6, 7. w United
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194, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 1–2 (–3) or (1–) 5–15 (–75+) cm (usually taprooted or developing ± woody caudices, sometimes rhizomatous)
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white or cream colored to greenish or red tinged, actinomorphic, 0.5–2 cm diam.; tepals 6, often connate basally, each bearing 1 or 2, sometimes obscure to
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mostly from base, 3–70 cm. Leaves primarily in basal rosette, cauline reduced or absent, 1.5–20 × 0.3–3.5 cm; petiole 0.7–12 cm; blade usually pinnately
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on page 447. Mentioned on page 415, 416, 437. Annuals or perennials, 2–50+ cm (perennials with ± branched, woody caudices). Stems 1–60, erect or ± decumbent
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often enclosed within fleshy, flask-shaped receptacle (syconium); sepals 2-6, distinct or partly connate (vestigial in Brosimum). Staminate flowers: stamens
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Treatment on page 445. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, 386, 446. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 20–250 cm (root crowns woody). Stems erect, usually
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1-year old shiny, dark-brown to black, stout to slender, 2.5–6 cm. Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm, length 30–60% blade, glabrous, sessile-glandular or eglandular;
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perceived to symbolize Christ’s crucifixion Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 171. Mentioned on page 172, 173. Vines, glabrous or densely
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Mentioned on page 184, 185, 206. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, vines], 5–400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect, (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate)
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 39. Mentioned on page 13, 16. Perennials, 10–160 cm (usually cespitose, induments usually of stipitate-glandular and smooth-surfaced
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2-colored]; nectary extrastaminal, annular and 5-lobed or of 5 glands; stamens [6–] 8 or 10 in 1–2 whorls, distinct or connate basally to most of length; pistillode
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perigynia, or, sometimes, some androgynous, pedunculate, prophyllate; distal 1–6; lateral spikes staminate; terminal spike staminate. Proximal pistillate scales
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FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 420. Mentioned on page 418, 419, 421, 422. Plants annual or perennial [rarely subshrubs], deciduous, stems 1–2 cm (except
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rhizoids often on abaxial surface of costa. Dicranodontium 6 Plants slender and julaceous. Aongstroemia 6 Plants not julaceous, leaves usually crisped, contorted
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Plants 15-50 cm; leaves rankly aromatic, blades broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 1.5-7 cm wide Primula parryi 9 Plants 0.5-20 cm; leaves
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leaves sometimes bladeless, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 3–5 (–6) spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike or bladeless, long-sheathing; lateral
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page 10. Mentioned on page 3, 9, 25. Annuals, perennials, or shrubs, 10–400+ cm (usually rhizomatous). Stems erect, decumbent, or prostrate, branched. Leaves
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to many, erect to spreading, straight to recurved, 1–100 cm; ligule deltate to cordiform, 1–6 mm, membranous. Sporangia ovoid to ellipsoid or oblong, 3–15
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annual. Culms 14-180 cm, solitary or branched at the base; internodes usually hollow throughout in hexaploids, usually solid for about 1 cm below the spike
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Plants annual or perennial; synoecious or monoecious. Culms annual, 20-500 cm tall, aerenchymatous, sometimes floating. Leaves aerenchymatous; auricles
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lobed and 12–25+ cm long with 9–15+ orbiculate to lanceolate, linear, or filiform lobes and contrast markedly with later (distal) leaves 1–3 cm that are undivided
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green distally, yellowbrown to brown proximally. Stems short or reaching 2 cm or more, simple or sometimes with a few branches; rhizoids at base, smoth
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with 1-6 racemosely axillary arranged branches, panicles partially or completely enclosed by the subtending leaf-sheath; branches 2-12 (17) cm, ascending
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± to very open, or solitary flowers. Pedicels straight in fruit, 0.4–6 (–10) cm, proximal often longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium (1.8–)
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cauline leaves 1-3(-6) cm; fruits slightly torulose. Arabis oregana 14 Plants without 3-rayed, stellate trichomes; cauline leaves 0.4-1(-1.5) cm; fruits not torulose
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base, not from axils of scales; leaf blades 2-11 cm. Hylotelephium 6 Ovary base straight; flowers 4-6-merous, bisexual or unisexual; flowering stems from
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yellow, blue, mauve, or white, tube tubular or funnelform, limb 6-lobed; stamens 3 or 6, adnate to perianth; pistils 3-locular, 1 or 3 developing to maturity;
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Mentioned on page 7, 19, 394. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80 (–150) cm (taproots woody, branched, caudices persistent). Stems (often white-barked)
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appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 2-9-branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (5-) 10-30 (-40) cm, diffuse-fibrous, ± braided, dry; buds minute. Stems
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leaves with some stipitate-glandular hairs; and sect. Decamerium (species 6–10) with deciduous leaves and sessile glands. Molecular investigation by J
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occasionally transversely elliptical along margins, 6–12 (–18) µm wide, papillae usually 2-fid, crowded, 2–6 per lumen, occasionally single and multiplex and
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Pedicels straight in fruit, 0.2–3 (–6.5) cm, proximal often much longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium (3–) 3.5–6 (–8) mm diam.; petals bright-yellow
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entire or dentate to laciniate; petiole present; blade ovate to oblong, 5–33 cm, membranous to slightly leathery, leaflets 0 or 7–17 (–19), usually opposite
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sometimes matted, green, not glaucous, with woody base. Stems ± erect, 3–40 (–50) cm, glabrous or often stipitate-glandular. Leaves: basal leaves persistent or
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Leaves monomorphic to somewhat dimorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 2–100 cm. Petiole brown, black, straw-colored, or gray, rounded, flattened or with
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less than 1 cm. On long shoots (and all leaves on clonal sucker shoots in their first year), neoformed leaves are produced with internodes of 2 cm or more
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almost black, sometimes purple or chestnut-brown, usually slender, (1–) 2–4 (–6) cm. Leaves: petiole length 20–66% blade, glabrous or pubescent, usually sessile
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stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Flowering-stems ± erect, leafy, 1–40 [–100] cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, alternate (opposite in S. nathorstii
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Mentioned on page 7, 13, 89, 438, 445. Perennials or subshrubs, (4–) 20–120 (–150) cm (bases often woody). Stems usually strictly erect, few-branched, glabrous
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dark brown. > 10 6 Culms 2–10 cm; plants densely cespitose; leaves exceeding culms; spike 1(–2). Carex ursina 6 Culms more than 10 cm; plants usually loosely
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solitary or not, unbranched proximal to inflorescence, trigonous, (6–) 10–100 (–125) cm (high-climbing into trees), weak or wiry. Leaves few-to-many per
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 28, 38, 48, 168. Herbs, perennial or annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous
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ovate or ± trullate to rhombic or deltate, sometimes suborbiculate, (2–) 3–6 (–7) cm, thin to subcoriaceous, base cuneate to truncate, sometimes cordate or
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1.3–2.4 cm; anthers pale-yellow, 5–12 mm; ovary 1.2–2.9 cm, neck constricted, 3.5–8.5 (–10) mm. Capsules pedicellate, oblong to ovoid, 1–2.5 cm, apex beaked
7 KB (560 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
loose or dense tufts, green, yellowish, or sometimes brownish. Stems 0.5–3 (–6) cm; sparsely to strongly radiculose. Stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate to obovate;
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8 Thyrses 5–14 cm, ± interrupted; proximal bract margins serrate, sometimes entire; stems 10–27 cm. Penstemon cardwellii 8 Thyrses 1–6 cm, continuous; proximal
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page 236. Mentioned on page 216, 217, 225, 237, 657, 658. Plants 1–8 (–12) cm, in tufts or mats. Stems red or reddish-brown, becoming darker, sometimes
12 KB (627 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
soboliferous, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 10-140 (150) cm, erect, usually glabrous, usually smooth; nodes 1-6; branching intra or extravaginal at the base, not
13 KB (1,054 words) - 02:48, 30 July 2020
P. P. de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 440. 1838. John L. Strother Etymology: Greek tetradymos, fourfold, evidently
10 KB (537 words) - 21:25, 29 July 2020
on page 32. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 33, 38, 41. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs [treelets], 10–120 (–300+) [–1200+] cm. Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate
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shed at anthesis; stamens often 100+, often showy, usually fertile; ovary 3–6-locular; ovules 10–100+, sterile ones often present. Fruits capsules, brown
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closed many years or until opened by fire, globose or oblong, 1–4 cm; scales persistent, 3–6 pairs, valvate, peltate, thick and woody. Seeds 5–20 per scale
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present in sect. Oxycoccos). Flowers: sepals 4–5, connate basally; petals 4–5 (–6), connate nearly their entire lengths, sometimes distinct or nearly so, white
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Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
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racemes, 3-30 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, with 2 or more spikelets per node; nodes glabrous or with straight, about 0.5 mm hairs; primary branches 3-6 cm, appressed
12 KB (899 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
redbrown, or blackish brown, shiny, slender to stout, 2–5 (–7) cm. Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy young, eglandular or glandular, glands
14 KB (936 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
umbellike, contracted, subtended by bracts; bracts inconspicuous, less than 1 cm; spathaceous bracts absent; bracteoles persistent. Flowers bisexual (bisexual
8 KB (320 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
Bulbs seldom clustered, globose, 1–5 cm diam. Leaves usually fewer than 10, 1–6 dm × 4–20 mm. Inflorescences 20–80 cm; sterile bracts absent, bracts subtending
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stems 0.6–3.5 cm (sometimes longer in fruit); petals 1–3.5 mm. Ranunculus pygmaeus 20 Flowering stems (1–)4–15(–27) cm; petals 3–8 mm. > 21 21 Petals 6–16 mm;
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with such plants. In the descriptions, scapes are described as linear if, 1 cm below the spike, they are 1 mm or more wide, or as filiform if, at that level
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petiole 0.2–1 cm, glands at apex 2, yellow, sessile to shortly stipitate, cuplike; blade ovate proximally, oblong-lanceolate distally, 0.6–3.5 (–7) × 0
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anthesis; roots white; bulblets absent. Leaves (2–) 4–25 (–48) × 0.3–6 (–8.5) cm; petiole ± winged, sometimes wingless near base; blade oblanceolate to
13 KB (1,045 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 515. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800 cm, not woody, sometimes branching above the base; internodes solid or hollow
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well defined, 3–7 (–8) mm, 1–3 cm apart; apical spine dark-brown to gray, subulate or acicular, 1.5–4 cm. Scape (2–) 3–6 m. Inflorescences broadly paniculate
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(species 1 and 2), followed by subshrubs and perennial herbs (species 3 to 6), and concludes with annual herbs (species 7 to 18). Within each growth form
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pulchella, Grusonia schottii F. Reichenbach ex K. Schumann Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896. Donald J. Pinkava Common names: Club-cholla Etymology: for Hermann
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linear, proximal 10–20 × 1–2 cm, distal 3–8 × 1–2 cm; peduncle scapelike, 0.3–2.5 m, 1–2 cm diam. Flowers pendent, 3–5.5 (–6.5) cm; perianth campanulate to
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revolute Paronychia chartacea 5 Leaf blade margins flat > 6 6 Plants glabrous Paronychia canadensis 6 Plants, at least stems and often hypanthia, pubescent
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Mentioned on page 219, 309, 349, 360. Annuals or perennials, 2–70 (–200) cm; taprooted (rhizomatous or taproots becoming caudices in M. saxatilis). Stems
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erect, yellow, 6–9 cm; anthers yellow, 25–35 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6 (–8) mm. Capsules short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked
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rosettes usually well-differentiated; blades ovate to lanceolate. Culms 15-100 cm (rarely taller), usually thicker than 1 mm, weak and wiry or relatively stout
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spongy, flexible when dried, 2–8 (–15) cm, bearing tubers (3–) 6–11 mm diam. Culms trigonous, 15–60 (–100) cm × 0.6–3.4 mm, glabrous. Leaves 3–7, flat to
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to oblong-lanceolate or tapering from base, 1–6 (–11) × 0.2–1.2 (–2) cm, 2–4 mm thick, base 0.5–1.5 (–2) cm wide, apex acute to subacuminate, often apiculate
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(opposite at proximal nodes in E. bilobata; some opposite in E. graminea). > 6 6 Dichasial bracts with conspicuous white margins. > 7 7 Dichasial bracts linear
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awns 16-35 mm long, anthers 6-8 mm; blades usually with closely spaced, equally prominent veins on the adaxial surfaces. > 6 6 Disarticulation in the spikelets
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malodorous, 5.5–11cm across; tepals creamy white, 8–12cm, spreading, outermost tepals reflexed, greenish; follicetums 6–10 × 2–3.5cm; follicles long-beaked
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mm and stems usually 1–2 cm and slender (related to the leaf size); ‘medium’ refers to stem leaves 1.5–3 mm and stems 2–4 cm; ‘large’ or ‘robust’ refers
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Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants to 3 (–7) m. Leaves: petiole 1–6 cm; blade lanceolate
10 KB (986 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 8, 215, 240, 241, 242. Perennials, (10–) 30–400 (–600+ in fruit) cm (sexual or apomictic); taprooted or with branched caudices. Stems (1–10+)
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to 12 cm (excluding inflorescence). Leaves semiterete 3–10 × 0.4–1 cm. Inflorescences 1–4, erect, to 50 cm, side branches few or none, to 4.5 cm; bracts
7 KB (649 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
sheaths (2.0) 2.9-4.4 (6.5) cm long, (1.5) 2.3-3.4 (4.4) mm wide; peduncles (1) 6-14 (60) mm, with 2 (4) rames; rames (1) 1.7-2.5 (3.5) cm, exserted or not at
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stamens 2–6 (–10) [–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in T. nigricans); pistillode present [absent]. Pistillate flowers: sepals 6, usually
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forming an involucre > 6 5 Flowers ebracteate or subtended by narrow, small, distinct bracts that do not form an involucre > 9 6 Involucral bracts connate
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spots; sepals 6–120 × 3–6 mm, apex acute; petals 6–120 × 3–4 mm, apex acute; lip white to pale-yellow with yellow patch near callus, 7–10 × 6–8 mm, lateral
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page 245. Mentioned on page 5, 253. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–80 cm (often ± succulent). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades
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Association Leaves floating; petiole to 100 cm; blade ovate, narrowly oval, or narrowly lanceolate, 6–23 × 1.5–7.5 cm, base rounded to attenuate, apex obtuse
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petiole to 6 mm, sparsely puberulent adaxially; blade usually elliptic, sometimes lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3–6 × 1–2 cm. Racemes to 3 cm. Pedicels ca
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5–10 cm; peduncle 1.3–3 cm; pedicel 3–10 mm. Flowers sepals white or greenish white to red or purplish in age, ovate to obovate, 3–6 mm. Berries 4–6 mm diam
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rhizome, with or without basal bulbels, often clustered, ovoid, 1–2.5 × 0.6–3 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brownish or grayish, reticulate
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crenate. Inflorescences terminal, 1-10-flowered cymes or solitary flowers, to 30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric;
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Volume 6. Treatment on page 150. Mentioned on page 112, 118, 144, 151, 152, 153, 160, 162. Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.5–25 cm. Stems
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Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 65, 95, 100. Perennials, 10–45 (–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or
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4–5.1 × 3.9–19 cm, 0.2–0.6 times taller than long; scales sometimes unsegmented but always some 2–4-segmented on each bulb, longest 1–3.3 cm; stem roots absent
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reflexed; seeds 0.6-1.6 mm diam > 28 28 Bracts shorter to slightly longer than tepals of pistillate flow- ers, subspinescent; seeds 1-1.6 mm diam Amaranthus
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Staminate flowers: petals 3–4 (–6), triangular, distinct, radially symmetric or slightly asymmetric; stamens 3–4 (–6); anthers 1-locular, dehiscing by
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hairy; sc, sw United States. > 6 6 Leaf blades 1–3(–4) cm, margins with 2–20 teeth per side. > 7 7 Leaf blades (1–)3–4 cm, margins with 10–20 teeth per
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Knowl. 5(6): 26. 1853. Susannah B. Johnson-Fulton, Linda E. Watson Common names: Wright´s yellowshow Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment
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subshrubs, shrubs, or trees (usually fetid-aromatic), (20–) 50–200 (–500) cm; taprooted or fibrous-rooted. Stems erect, simple or branched, seldom winged
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Mentioned on page 60, 387, 429. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, (1–) 5–65 cm; taprooted or fibrous-rooted [subrhizomatous]. Stems 1+, usually erect, sometimes
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366. Mentioned on page 25, 359, 367, 376, 394, 395, 440. Plants usually 3–10 cm, occasionally longer. Stems usually simple, not tomentose or with dense reddish
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20. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned on page 8, 451. Annuals, mostly 2–90 cm; taprooted. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched from bases or distally
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staminate flowers. Achenes flattened or nearly terete; beak more than 1.5 cm, plumose. Worldwide Species 50-100 (11 in the flora). The Asian (Korean) species
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withering, 1–2 dm; blade linear. Inflorescences subumbellate, 1–6-flowered; bracts 4–8 cm, bases dilated. Flowers erect; perianth open, cupshaped; sepals
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teeth of central lobe apex usually equally distal. Peduncles 2.5–6 cm. Flowers 4–6.5 cm diam.; sepals linear to narrowly ovate, 15–20 × 3–5 mm, apex acute
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Philonotis uncinata, Philonotis yezoana Bridel Bryol. Univ. 2: 15, plate 6, fig. 5. 1827. Dana G. Griffin III Etymology: Greek philo- , loving, and notis
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immediately proximal to calyx. Pedicels terete, 0.2–0.7 [–4] cm. Flowers [2–] (5–) 6–10 (–12) cm diam.; sepals persistent, 5, connate proximally, concave,
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Treatment on page 23. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 6, 24, 34. Perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees, 10–600 cm (dioecious [rarely monoecious], usually glabrous
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slightly curved, ± slender unless very short. Leaves: blade ± ovate, 1.2–6 cm, ± thin, lobes (0 or) 1–4 per side, sinuses shallow or deep, veins 2–8 per
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prow-shaped. Panicles 4-36 cm, erect or lax, pyramidal or lanceoloid, usually sparse, lower rachis internodes usually longer than (2) 3 cm; nodes with 1-10 branches;
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at anthesis, tube 6–12 mm, limb lobes erect, 13–27 × 4–6 (–7) mm; filaments inserted near rim of perianth-tube, 3.3–5.8 cm; ovary neck 6–9 mm. Capsules ovoid
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Pedicels ± straight in fruit, 0.2–2 (–5) cm, proximal often much longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–6 mm diam.; petals pale-yellow or yellow
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2-ranked; cauline 0–2 (–3); primary leaves ternate or palmate, (0.5–) 1–12 (–20) cm; petiole: long hairs absent or spreading to ascending, weak to ± stiff, glands
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page 245, 248, 249, 250. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, to 200+ cm [trees to 400 cm] (usually ± succulent, herbage usually glaucous). Stems (often purplish)
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or ovate-deltate, 4–8 (–12) cm, thin to ± firmly chartaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate or rounded, lobes 0 or 1–6 per side (1 or 2 apiculi per
16 KB (1,227 words) - 14:40, 30 July 2020
terete, whorled to fascicled, finely longitudinally grooved, internodes 1–10 cm. Roots generally fibrous. Leaves simple, opposite and decussate or whorled
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basal rosettes, petioles 10–20+ cm, blades usually pinnately lobed, 12–25+ cm, abaxially lanate, peduncles scapiform, to 50+ cm, ray corollas red to orange
12 KB (739 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
crowded). Involucres cylindro-turbinate to hemispheric, (3.8–6.5 ×) 2–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–50 in 2–6 series, midnerves not evident or indurate, elliptic to linear-lanceolate
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broadly elliptic, 1.9–4.5 (–6.5) × 0.5–2 (–3) cm, margins entire, surfaces sparsely glandular. Racemes (dense) 5–20 cm (10–30 cm in fruit); bracts unifoliate
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mallow, and thamnos, shrub, alluding to habit Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 280. Mentioned on page 219, 281, 283. Subshrubs or shrubs
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(–100) cm. Stems swollen at base (rarely attenuate), 2–12 mm diam. distal to leaves; bracts (4–) 12–37. Leaves prostrate; blade 6–20 (–38) × 1–9 cm. Inflorescences
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papillae in 2 lines. Cypselae stoutly obpyramidal, 5 (–6) -angled, hairy; pappi persistent, of 5 (–6) lance-deltate to lance-attenuate, scarious (often hyaline)
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Aerial shoots 10-70 cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. Basal leaves 3-6 (-10), 1-2-ternate; petiole (2-) 4-10 (-14) cm; terminal leaflet
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stamens (5–) 6, proximal 3 fertile, medial different in form, size from others, distal (2–) 3 staminodial; filaments glabrous; antherodes commonly 4–6-lobed;
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spikes 0.4-4 cm, 11-13 whorls per cm; anthers 0.4-0.7 mm. Infructescences sparsely pubescent; peduncles 2-9 mm; infructescence body 7-14 × 4-6 mm; bracteoles
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without white areolae, 8–72 cm, soft, external surface densely fine-pubescent, wings 0.3–1.5 cm wide; orifice oval, 0.7–6.7 cm diam.; rim yellow-green, rarely
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pubescent. Spikelets (6) 7-17 mm, with 3-10 florets. Glumes ovatelanceolate to lanceolate, exceeded by the distal florets; lower glumes (1.5) 2-6 (7) mm; upper
17 KB (1,582 words) - 03:09, 30 July 2020
5 (–6) in ± 1 series, 2–3-nerved, ovate or oblong to lanceolate or linear, ± equal (herbaceous). Receptacles flat or convex, epaleate. Florets 5 (–6); corollas
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midvein, widest leaf-blades 5+ mm, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 3–6 spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, long-sheathing, more than 4 mm,
12 KB (663 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 40-235 cm, erect. Inflorescences usually spikes, sometimes spikelike racemes, 5-35 cm, erect, with 1-3 spikelets per node
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flowers per 5 cm, ± dense, cylindric (greatly shortened in some), spurs rarely intersecting rachis; pedicel ± spreading, usually less than 2 cm; rachis to
9 KB (653 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 639. Plants perennial; cespitose or stoloniferous. Culms 30-250 cm, with pithy internodes. Leaves basal or cauline, not aromatic; sheaths open;
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(F. Townsend) Wettstein agg. (species 3 and 4), E. nemorosa agg. (species 6–10), E. oakesii agg. (species 13–15), and E. minima Jacquin ex de Candolle
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8–3.1 (–4.6) mm; petals linear, elliptic, or oblong, (4–) 6–10.2 (–15) × (1.8–) 2.6–4 (–5.3) mm; stamens (15–) 19–21 (–28); styles (3–) 5 (or 6), (1.5–)
10 KB (925 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
oblongelliptic, 1.5–4.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, margins serrate, apex acuminate to obtuse, surfaces glaucous. Racemes 1–3 cm (6–40 cm in fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate
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on page 10, 186, 216, 222, 224, 225, 243, 658, 659. Plants (0.5–) 2–4 (–8) cm, in open to compact tufts or mats. Stems red, reddish-brown, or brown, rarely
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linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse. Ray-florets (4–) 6–8 (–12); laminae (0.9–) 1–1.6 (–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm. Disc-florets (2–) 4–6 (–8); corollas 2–3.5 (–4.5) mm, lobes
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 156. Mentioned on page 155, 166. Stems 0.5–4 (–12) cm, usually comose to evenly foliate; sparsely to densely radiculose. Leaves
12 KB (762 words) - 07:37, 30 July 2020
glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1.6-12.5 cm; leaflets mostly 5, petiolules 0.2-2.2 cm, blades oblong to ovate-elliptic, 0.7-8.2 × 0.4-4.2 cm, base rounded, margins
6 KB (437 words) - 08:26, 30 July 2020
mm, widest above base, width sometimes exceeding stem diam.; petiole 0.6–3 (–9) cm, 1/2–3 times as long as blade, apex often with pulvinus; blade orbiculate
12 KB (722 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
arillate, (cleft fused between ends). x = 10. North America, Mexico Species 6 (6 in the flora). Whether included in Cleome or treated as a separate genus
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shiny dark-brown or black, older gray, usually slender, sometimes stout, 2–6 cm. Leaves: petiole short, length 10–25 (–50) % blade, pubescent, usually eglandular
12 KB (864 words) - 14:39, 30 July 2020
subtended by distalmost leaves. Peduncles 0–10 cm, leafy-bracted. Involucres ovoid to hemispheric, 2–4 × 1.5–6 cm, loosely arachnoid on phyllary margins or
15 KB (1,232 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and Wyoming. > 6 6 Inflorescences fascicles, sessile. Frangula alnus 6 Inflorescences umbels, pedunculate. > 7 7 British
10 KB (499 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
sheaths (2.1) 3.1-4.6 (6.7) cm long, (1.7) 3-3.8 (5.6) mm wide; peduncles usually (1) 4-6 (30) mm, with 2-7 rames; rames (0.5) 1.7-2.8 (4.4) cm, sometimes exerted
8 KB (952 words) - 04:26, 30 July 2020
Picea glauca); seed cones (2.5-)3-16 cm; mostly western or boreal. > 5 4 Seed cones 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm; leaves 0.6-1.5(-2) cm, mostly blunt-tipped, glaucous,
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veins; achenes 3-gonous or biconvex > 6 6 Ocreae margins eciliate; achenes biconvex; styles 2 Persicaria glabra 6 Ocreae margins ciliate with bristles 2-12
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66, 67. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes
12 KB (721 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
green to purplish or brown, linear to broadly lanceolate, sometimes ovate, 1–6 cm, not fleshy, margins wavy, involute, (0–) 3 (–5) -lobed, apex rounded or
11 KB (743 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 662. Plants annual or perennial; not rhizomatous. Culms 4-120 cm, erect to decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, sparingly branched near the
10 KB (870 words) - 03:30, 30 July 2020
or sparsely hairy. Calochortus pulchellus 6 Capsules nodding; perianth usually not conspicuously marked. > 7 6 Capsules erect; perianth usually conspicuously
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8–16.5 cm, distal internode 3–15 mm. Sessile leaves up to 5 cm, blade linear, apex acuminate. Petiolate leaves: stipule 3.5–5.7 cm; petiole 7–28 cm, rigid;
6 KB (494 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
staminate and pistillate on same plant. Staminate spikes 0.7-4 cm, 7-11.5 whorls per cm; anthers 0.6-0.8 mm. Infructescences sparsely pubescent [tomentose]; peduncles
6 KB (458 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
Jussieu Lorin I. Nevling Jr., Kerry Barringer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 380. Herbs or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Stems flexible;
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2-years old dark gray to blackish or chestnut-brown, medium to stout, (2–) 3–6.5 cm. Leaves: petiole usually short, length 0–18 (–31) % blade, usually glabrous
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to 15 cm (excluding inflorescence). Leaves often suffused with purple-brown; blade 3–13 cm × 6–18 mm. Inflorescences 1–3, erect-arching, to 20 cm; bracts
5 KB (524 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
spikelets, proximal internodes shorter than 1.5 (3) cm, with (1) 2-5 branches per node; branches 1.5-6 cm, spreading soon after emergence from the sheath,
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short. Flowering-stems 6–15 cm, distal internode 4–8.5 cm. Sessile leaves submersed and thin, or emersed and thickened, 5–15 cm × 1–6 mm. Petiolate leaves
6 KB (492 words) - 05:22, 30 July 2020
(–5) mm, often hairy to ciliate; petioles of proximalmost leaves (5–) 6–15 (–30) cm, 3–9 times as long as blades, much reduced distally to 1/2–2 times as
13 KB (796 words) - 11:34, 30 July 2020
papillate (30×). Capsules broadly ellipsoid or ovoid to cylindric, opening by 6 ascending to recurved teeth; carpophore absent. Seeds [1–] 5–35, brown to dark-brown
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229. Mentioned on page 10, 216, 231, 239, 647, 659. Plants (1–) 2–5 (–10) cm, dense or open mats. Stems green or yellow-green, usually brownish with age;
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Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences 2–6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1–3 cm. Infructescences 4.5–12 cm; bracts 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.8 cm, lobes narrowly triangular,
7 KB (726 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
petiole 6-26 mm. Leaf-blade dark olive-green, elliptic to lanceolate, 5-21 × 1.5-6 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers 2.5-5 cm diam.; peduncle
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cucullate, to 1.5 × 2 cm; petals obovate-clawed, 3–4 cm, waxy; [staminodes connate, forming resinous cupule]; ovary globose; stigmas 6–9 (–12). Capsules yellow
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Herbs, perennial (dying back in winter to rootstock), not viviparous, 0.3–6 dm, glabrous [pubescent]. Stems a rootstock with apex mostly above ground,
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broadly obtuse to cordate. Ranunculus populago 6 Achenes 0.8-1 mm; se United States. Ranunculus laxicaulis 6 Achenes 1.2-2.8 mm; widespread. > 7 7 Stems erect
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[distinct], equal (each often subtending a nectary); petals equal; stamens 6 (usually exserted, distinct, equal); filaments inserted on a discoid or conical
8 KB (453 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 32. Mentioned on page 6. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs
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horns absent. > 5 5 Perennial herbs with thick rootstock or woody taproot. > 6 6 Leaf blade margins finely serrulate; stems often densely villous; involucral
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fleshy), linear-oblanceolate to broadly spatulate, (0.4–) 0.8–6 (–7.9) cm × (0.3–) 0.6–4 (–6) mm, base (membranous), broadly expanded near point of attachment
9 KB (931 words) - 12:30, 30 July 2020
5) dm. Basal leaves: petiole 0.4–7.3 cm; blade linear, oblong, oblanceolate, ovate, obovate, or spatulate, 0.4–3 cm × 2–20 mm, base cuneate to attenuate
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or ovate-rhombic, sometimes ± obovate, oblanceolate, or suborbiculate, 3–8 cm, ± coriaceous to ± thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, obscure to evident and sinuses
8 KB (677 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
biconvex. > 6 6 Spikelets sessile or subsessile in dense, terminal, headlike cluster; base of style smooth or papillate. Fimbristylis vahlii 6 Spikelets
13 KB (547 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
loosely cespitose, green distally, brown to tan or yellow proximally. Stems to 1 cm, hyalodermis weakly differentiated to distinct, seldom absent, sclerodermis
18 KB (1,487 words) - 07:02, 30 July 2020
entire, apex rounded to obtuse or acute; cauline 2–6 pairs, sessile or proximals sometimes short-petiolate, 6–85 × 1–17 mm, blade oblanceolate to spatulate
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oblongelliptic, 2.5–3.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm; petals strongly reflexed, 10–12 cm, tube ca. 4 cm, lobes narrowly oblongelliptic, 6–8 cm × 4–13 mm, base sharply reflexed;
6 KB (519 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
annual or perennial; sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes cespitose. Culms 5-150 cm, glabrous or pubescent, basal branching extravaginal. Sheaths open the entire
13 KB (1,134 words) - 02:39, 30 July 2020
usually recurved in fruit, 0.5–2 (–4) cm, proximal usually not much longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–6 mm diam.; petals pale to bright-yellow
12 KB (863 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
and wiry on erect stems. Leaves entire, lobed, or compound, 0.5–20 × 0.2–5 cm. Petiole short, wiry, often partially or wholly winged. Blade glabrous or
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Association Plants 3–25 cm; herbage glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy. Stems erect to ascending or decumbent. Leaves 1–8 cm; leaflets 5–11, blade linear
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nectary weakly 10-lobed or ribbed; stamens 2.6–3.6 mm; filaments 2.3–3.4 mm, villous; anthers ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, awns 0.6–1.1 mm; ovary villous; style often persistent
11 KB (863 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 339. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 12, 325, 340. Subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial; caudex herbaceous or
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usually dark reddish-brown to blackish, usually shiny, usually slender, 2.5–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (16–) 30–55% blade, glabrous, sometimes pubescent
12 KB (860 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
Ray-florets 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. Disc-florets 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3 (–2) mm. Cypselae narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes
11 KB (956 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
glabrous. Leaves: petiole 0–1 cm, with a thin margin to winged; blade linear to oblanceolate-spatulate or elliptic, to 6 × 1.9 cm, white-flecked by bundles
5 KB (378 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
smooth or with scattered hairs, often glaucous. Panicles (6) 9-17 (25) cm long, (1) 2-4 (8) cm wide, often contracted when young, open at maturity, nodding
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dm; pedicel 1-3 cm, glands absent. Flowers 5-30; bracteoles 6-9, white, yellowish when dried, dotted with glandular trichomes; sepals 6, white, 5-12 mm;
5 KB (443 words) - 08:40, 30 July 2020
stoloniferous, sometimes also rhizomatous, often forming dense turf. Culms 4-100 cm. Sheaths open; auricles absent; ligules of hairs or membranous; blades flat
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Mentioned on page 3, 5, 415, 416. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–80+ cm (sometimes rhizomatous). Stems usually erect, usually branched (from bases
12 KB (725 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
often several cm from stem apex, at adaxial edges of areoles (or at axillary end of short areolar groove), funnelform, 2.5–8.5 (–10) cm; outer tepals margins
14 KB (948 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2020
annual or perennial; sometimes cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 4-230 cm tall, erect or decumbent, sometimes swollen at the base, not branching above
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elliptic, (5.7–) 9.5–14 (–18.8) × (2.2–) 3.3–5.2 (–6.6) mm; stamens (10–) 15–21 (–22); styles (3 or) 4 or 5 (or 6), (1.3–) 2–2.9 (–3.9) mm; ovary apex moderately
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 191. Mentioned on page 188. Shrubs, 10–120 cm; with woody, branched caudices, bark whitish tan, becoming gray, flaky and
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Involucres: staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm. Phyllaries distally red to pink, light-brown, or white. Corollas: staminate 3–4.5 mm; pistillate 5–6 mm. Cypselae
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oblong-oblanceolate, 2–9 × 1–4 cm, margins glandular-serrate to serrulate or minutely denticulate. Racemes arching, 20–80-flowered, 4–15 cm, rachis puberulent. Pedicels
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usually recurved after flowering, (1.6–) 2.6–4.2 (–6.5) mm; petals oblanceolate to oblong, (4.9–) 7.2–9.8 (–14) × (1.6–) 2.6–3.1 (–5.3) mm; stamens (9–) 13–19
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 71. Mentioned on page 52, 62, 72. Plants 10–100 cm. Stems ascending to erect, greenish when young becoming tan and gray, sometimes
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page 566, 572, 576, 577, 580, 581, 583, 584, 624, 665. Herbs, perennial, 1.4–6 dm; caudex woody; with a taproot. Stems few-to-many, erect to ascending, unbranched
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recurved, 2-years old very dark-brown to black, ± slender, (1.5–) 2–3 (–5) cm. Leaves: petiole length 20–50 (–55) % blade, glabrous, sparsely to densely
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North America Association Perennials, (40–) 80–150 cm. Aerial stems (from creeping rhizomes to 4 cm × 2–6 mm, rhizome internodes mostly 2–10 mm) 1–10+, stramineous
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prickly, each with erect, subterminal, hollow horn tipped with prickle; petals 6, in 2 whorls of 3; stamens 20-250 or more; pistil 3-5 (-7) -carpellate; ovary
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rosette and cauline (sometimes not present at flowering), (0.5–) 2–8 (–13) cm; blade margins sinuate-dentate to denticulate, serrate, lobed, or entire.
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page 255, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341. Annuals (perennials), to 40 (–60) cm (taprooted or roots fibrous, fleshy and clustered in Lasthenia californica
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to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong in outline, 1–25 cm, foliaceous, leaflets 5–13 (–21), distinct, terminal not confluent with distalmost
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buds) absent, or resting buds sometimes present in E. acicularis. Culms 1–40 cm × 0.2–1.2 mm, spongy, transverse septa incomplete. Spikelets ovoid to subcylindric
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globose to cylindrical, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds flat, triangular, 0.3–0.6 cm on radial margins. x = 30. se and sc United States, nw Mexico to Honduras
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page 256, 276, 283, 287, 291. Annuals, subshrubs, or shrubs, 4–120 (–150) cm. Stems usually ± erect, rarely decumbent. Leaves mostly cauline (annuals forming
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Flowers unisexual; tepals 6, greenish, yellow, or bronze, ovate to elliptic; staminate flowers sometimes with pistillode, stamens 6, anthers basifixed, dehiscence
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(–9) × 4.5–6.5 (–8) cm; basal plate 1–3 cm; neck 4–6 cm; tunic grayish brown. Leaves deciduous, 3–9, erect, (2–) 3–6.7 dm × (0.8–) 1.5–3.2 cm, coriaceous;
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388. Mentioned on page 364, 365, 392. Annuals or perennials, 10–80 (–150+) cm. Stems erect, branched (mostly distally). Leaves cauline; opposite (proximal)
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3–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length 50–66% blade, sparsely glandular; blade trullate to ovate, ovate-oblong, or broadly rhombic, rarely ± deltate, 2–6 (–7)
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purple-tinged throughout, mostly glabrous throughout (except as noted). Culms 35-150 cm, stout, compressed. Sheaths more or less strongly compressed or keeled, sides
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10-25 (-30) cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to primarily vertical. Basal leaves 5-15, 2-ternate, occasionally irregularly so; petiole 2-10 cm; terminal
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(18) cm long, (2) 5-12 (16) mm wide, linear, flat or folded, straight or lax, glabrous or sparsely pubescent adaxially. Panicles 7-16 cm long, 1-6 cm wide
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oblong, triangular to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or linear, laminar, 0.1–7 cm, fleshy, base not spurred, margins entire, with glands (hydathodes) in submarginal
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occurs in many species of sect. Rhexia. In R. cubensis (2x, 4x, 6x), R. nashii (4x, 6x), and R. virginica (2x, 4x), conspecific plants of different ploidy
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Volume 3. Aerial shoots 7-60 cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. Basal leaves 3-10, ternate; petiole (2-) 4-20 cm; terminal leaflet ±sessile
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Flowers: sepals persistent, 5 (–6), not reflexed in fruit, lanceolate-linear, 2–2.5 mm; petals 5 (–6), white, (3.5–) 4–6 mm, subrounded-clawed, adaxial
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Mentioned on page 5, 51, 101, 171, 178, 182, 188, 413. Shrubs or subshrubs, 8–120 cm (often rounded, compact; usually with woody, often highly branched caudices)
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tetradynamous; fruits 3.8-7.7 cm; ovules 44-58 per ovary. Caulanthus flavescens 16 Filaments in 3 unequal pairs; fruits 6.5-12.5 cm; ovules 78-96 per ovary.
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thin, 2.5–4.8 × 1.1–2.6 cm, apex acute; filaments 1.7–2.2 cm, pubescent; anthers 3.2 mm; pistil slender, cylindric, 2.5–3.8 × 0.5–0.6 cm; style whitish or
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America Association Herbs caulescent; caudex branched. Flowering-stems 6–57 cm, short to long-stipitate-glandular or glabrous, viscid. Leaves: petiole
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types, 2–3 mm or (5–) 6–8 mm, (1–) 1.5–3 cm apart; apical spine light or dark-brown to gray, subulate to acicular, 2–4 cm. Scape 2–6 m. Inflorescences paniculate
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401, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, (2–) 5–70 (–200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to prostrate, usually branched. Leaves basal and/or
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× 2–2.5 cm; filaments ca. 2.6 cm, hispid or slightly papillose; anthers ca. 3.5 mm; pistil light green, ca. 3.6 cm; ovary sessile, ca. 2.8 cm; style ca
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Treatment on page 259. Mentioned on page 216, 258. Annuals or biennials, 15–450+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally or throughout
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subumbellate Lewisia cotyledon 6 Flowers sessile; bract and sepal pairs decussate and appearing to form 4-merous calyx > 7 6 Flowers pedicellate; bracts and
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recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark mahogany or black, ± slender to ± stout, 3–6 cm. Leaves: petiole length 50% blade, usually narrowly winged distally, pubescent
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in A. von Humboldt et al. in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6(fol.): 183. , 6(qto.): 232. , plate 559. 1824. James Henrickson, Brian D. Vanden Heuvel
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glabrous or hirsute to strigose; basal petiolate, 5–30 × 1–8 cm; cauline petiolate, 2–25 × 0.5–7 cm, bases attenuate to cordate or auriculate. Heads borne singly
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terminally paniculate or racemose, 5–250-flowered. Flowers 3-merous (6 tepals, 6 stamens) or, by reduction, 2-merous (4 tepals, 4 stamens); perianth spreading;
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