Solidago rugosa

Miller

Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Solidago no. 25. 1768.

Common names: Rough-stemmed or wrinkle-leaf goldenrod verge d’or rugueuse
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Aster rugosus (Miller) Kuntze
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 146. Mentioned on page 144, 145.

Plants 30–200 cm; rhizomes long-creeping, forming clones. Stems 1–50+, erect, glabrous or densely hispid to strigose. Leaves: basal withering by flowering; proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 68–104 × 20–25 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispido-strigose (at least on main nerves), nerves sometimes prominent, abaxial glabrate; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–) 40–75 (–90) × (6–) 12–22 (–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced distally, margins coarsely to finely serrate, ciliate, indument similar to proximal or denser. Heads 50–1500, secund, in secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays 7–36 (–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate. Peduncles 1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigillose; bracteoles linear-lanceolate to ovate. Involucres narrowly campanulate, (2–) 2.5–3.5 (–4.5) mm. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse. Ray-florets (4–) 6–8 (–12); laminae (0.9–) 1–1.6 (–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm. Disc-florets (2–) 4–6 (–8); corollas 2–3.5 (–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–) 0.7–1 (–1.3) mm. Cypselae (narrowly obconic) 0.9–1.5 mm, moderately strigillose; pappi 1.8–2.5 mm.

Distribution

V20-309-distribution-map.gif

N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago rugosa is highly variable in size, array shape, and hairiness. It is similar to members of the S. canadensis complex; it differs in not having 3-nerved leaves. The species is divided into two subspecies and five varieties that can be difficult to distinguish.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13); northern (subsp. rugosa) > 2
1 Leaves relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy; ray florets 4–9; mostly se United States (subsp. aspera) > 3
2 Stems and leaves hairy; e Canada and ne United States s to Virginia Solidago rugosa var. rugosa
2 Stems and leaves glabrous; coastal cedar bogs and swamps Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila
3 Arrays narrow, proximal branches not much exceeding subtending leaves; herbage sparsely hairy; mid to higher elevations in mountains Solidago rugosa var. cronquistiana
3 Arrays wide, usually with elongate proximal branches greatly exceeding subtending leaves; herbage moderately to densely hairy; lower elevations in mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain > 4
4 Distal cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, not much reduced distally; much of range of subspecies Solidago rugosa var. aspera
4 Distal cauline leaves ovate, much reduced distally; outer coastal plain Solidago rugosa var. celtidifolia

"longest" is not a number.

... more about "Solidago rugosa"
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
distinct +
68mm;104mm +
hispido-strigose +
acute;attenuate +
subequal +
scarious +
20mm +  and 25mm +
usually triangular +  and linear +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
secund +, open +  and congested +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
cone--shaped +
John C. Semple +  and Rachel E. Cook +
Miller +
not persisting +
decurrent +
Solidago (sect. Undefined) ser. Venosae +
7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br /> (3.2 cm32 mm <br />0.032 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br />) +
hispido-strigose +
ovate;elliptic;lanceolate;acute;attenuate +
reduced +, reduced to much +  and largest +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
rugulose +  and muricate +
linear-lanceolate +  and ovate +
leafy-bracteate +
proximalmost +
elongate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (34 cm340 mm <br />0.34 m <br />) +
Rough-stemmed or wrinkle-leaf goldenrod +  and verge d’or rugueuse +
not 2-lipped +  and actinomorphic +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
yellow +  and white +
ampliate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
beaked +, 2-ribbed +  and 5-ribbed +
compressed +, narrowly obconic +  and cylindric +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.C. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, Vt. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
resinous +
6.8 cm68 mm <br />0.068 m <br /> (10.4 cm104 mm <br />0.104 m <br />) +
hispido-strigose +
acute;attenuate +
20mm;25mm +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
36 cm360 mm <br />0.36 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
indeterminate +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (36 cm360 mm <br />0.36 m <br />) +
heterogamous +  and homogamous +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (26 cm260 mm <br />0.26 m <br />) +
each +  and sessile +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
campanulate +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
1mm;1.6mm +
0.4mm;0.7mm +
scented +  and not anise +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
erect;spreading +
triangular +  and narrowly lanceolate +
6.8 cm68 mm <br />0.068 m <br /> (10.4 cm104 mm <br />0.104 m <br />) +
hispido-strigose +
acute +  and attenuate +
20mm +  and 25mm +
scented +  and not anise +
linear-lanceolate +  and oblong or ovate +
unequal +  and rarely subequal +
6.8 cm68 mm <br />0.068 m <br /> (10.4 cm104 mm <br />0.104 m <br />) +
hispido-strigose +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
hispido-strigillose +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
not persisting +
stipitate-glandular +
lanceolate +  and linear-lanceolate acute +
ovate-oblanceolate +
Gard. Dict. ed. +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
strigillose +  and glabrous +
8 +  and 10 +
exalbuminous +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
densely hispid +  and strigose +
1 +  and 50 +
appendaged +  and truncate +
papillate +  and smooth +
Aster rugosus +
Solidago rugosa +
Solidago (sect. Solidago) ser. Venosae +
species +
not persisting +
100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +