Flaveria

Jussieu

Gen. Pl., 186. 1789.

Etymology: Latin flavus, yellow
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 247. Mentioned on page 245, 248, 249, 250.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA21 P39 Flaveria chlorifolia.jpegFlaveria chlorifolia
Flaveria campestris
Flaveria trinervia
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi

Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, to 200+ cm [trees to 400 cm] (usually ± succulent, herbage usually glaucous). Stems (often purplish) erect or decumbent, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; opposite (decussate); petiolate or sessile (weakly connate to connate-perfoliate); blades (often 3-nerved) oblong-ovate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire, serrate, or spinulose-serrate, faces glabrous or short-pubescent. Heads radiate or discoid, usually in tight or loose aggregations in (often flat-topped) ± corymbiform arrays or glomerules. Involucres oblong, urceolate, cylindric, or turbinate, 0.5–2 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 2–6 (–9) in ± 1 series (linear, concave, or boatshaped, subequal). Receptacles convex, epaleate (“receptacles” of glomerules sometimes setose). Ray-florets 0–1 (–2), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or whitish (laminae inconspicuous). Disc-florets 1–15, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to about equaling funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae (black) weakly compressed, narrowly oblanceolate or linear-oblong (usually 10-nerved, glabrous); pappi usually 0, sometimes persistent, of 2–4 hyaline scales, or coroniform (of connate scales). x = 18.

Distribution

United States, Mexico, West Indies (Greater Antilles), Central America, South America, Asia (India), Africa, Australia

Discussion

Species 21 (8 in the flora).

Members of Flaveria are frequently found in alkaline, saline, and gypseous soils, often in disturbed and moist areas. Heads of Flaveria may be either radiate or discoid; when both are present in the same capitulescence, the discoid heads tend to be central and the radiate heads peripheral. Many species of Flaveria have persistent sheathing leaf bases that ring the stems after the leaves have fallen.

Flaveria is notable because certain species exhibit C3 photosynthesis, some C3–C4 (intermediate) photosynthesis, and others (F. brownii, F. bidentis, F. campestris, and F. trinervia in the United States) classic C4 photosynthesis.

Key

1 Pappi usually of 2–4 scales or coroniform, rarely 0 > 2
1 Pappi 0 > 3
2 Leaf blades to 10–40 mm wide, bases connate-perfoliate; New Mexico, Texas Flaveria chlorifolia
2 Leaf blades 2–7 mm wide, bases weakly connate; Arizona Flaveria mcdougallii
3 Heads in tight, axillary glomerules ("receptacles" of glomerules setose) Flaveria trinervia
3 Heads usually in corymbiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays, seldom in tight, axillary glomerules ("receptacles" of glomerules not setose). > 4
4 Annuals > 5
4 Perennials (annuals) > 6
5 Heads in scorpioid cymiform arrays; ray laminae to 1 mm; Alabama, Florida, Georgia Flaveria bidentis
5 Heads in corymbiform arrays; ray laminae 1.5–2.5 mm; sc, sw United States Flaveria campestris
6 Calyculus bractlets surpassing involucres (sw coast, Florida) Flaveria floridana
6 Calyculus bractlets shorter than involucres > 7
7 Ray laminae oblong-elliptic, 2 mm; disc florets (5–)7–10; Texas Flaveria brownii
7 Ray laminae oval to obovate-spatulate, 2–3 mm; disc florets (2–)5–7(–8); Florida Flaveria linearis
... more about "Flaveria"
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
connate +  and distinct +
subequal +
scarious +
usually ovate +  and lanceolate +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
spiciform +, racemiform +, paniculiform +  and corymbiform +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Sharon C. Yarborough +  and A. Michael Powell +
Jussieu +
decurrent +
compound +  and simple +
oblong-ovate;lanceolate or linear +
winged;ribbed;winged;ribbed +
tuberculate +  and rugose +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
yellow +  and whitish +
hairy +  and glabrous +
linear-oblong +, oblanceolate +  and compressed +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
United States +, Mexico +, West Indies (Greater Antilles) +, Central America +, South America +, Asia (India) +, Africa +  and Australia +
Latin flavus, yellow +
short-pubescent +  and glabrous +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
discoid +  and radiate +
indeterminate +
homogamous +  and heterogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
turbinate;cylindric;turbinate;cylindric;urceolate;oblong +
sessile +  and petiolate +
deltate +
spinulose-serrate +, serrate +  and entire +
toothed +  and entire +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
coroniform +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
powell1978a +
2 +  and 4 +
exalbuminous +
decumbent +  and erect +
appendaged +  and truncate +
hirsutulous +  and glabrous +
papillate +
Compositae +
Flaveria +
Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Flaveriinae +
campanulate +
perennial +  and annual +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +