Pluchea

Cassini

Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 31. 1817.

Etymology: For Abbé N. A. Pluche, 1688–1761, French naturalist
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 478. Mentioned on page 58, 475, 479, 480.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA19 P54 Pterocaulon virgatum.jpegPterocaulon virgatum
Sachsia polycephala
Pluchea sericea
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
FNA19 P55 Pluchea odorata.jpegPluchea odorata var. odorata
Pluchea foetida
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi

Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees (usually fetid-aromatic), (20–) 50–200 (–500) cm; taprooted or fibrous-rooted. Stems erect, simple or branched, seldom winged (see P. sagittalis), usually puberulent to tomentose and stipitate or sessile-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Leaves cauline, alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, or ovate, bases clasping or not, margins entire or dentate, abaxial faces mostly arachnose, puberulent, sericeous, strigose, or villous and/or stipitate or sessile-glandular, adaxial similar or glabrate or glabrous. Heads disciform, in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays (flat-topped or ± elongate). Involucres mostly campanulate, cupulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or turbinate, 3–10 (–12) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or falling, in 3–6+ series, mostly ovate to lanceolate or linear, unequal. Receptacles flat, epaleate. Peripheral (pistillate) florets in 3–10+ series, fertile; corollas creamy white, whitish, yellowish, pinkish, lavender, purplish, or rosy. Inner (functionally staminate) florets 2–40+; corollas creamy white, whitish, yellowish, pinkish, lavender, purplish, or rosy, lobes (4–) 5. Cypselae oblong-cylindric, ribs 4–8, faces strigillose and/or minutely sessile-glandular or glabrous (in the flora, only P. sericea); pappi persistent or tardily falling, of distinct or basally connate, barbellate bristles in 1 series. x = 10.

Distribution

Tropical and warm-temperate regions, North America, West Indies, South America, se Asia, Africa, Australia, Pacific Islands

Discussion

Species 40–60 (9 in the flora).

As currently treated, Pluchea is a heterogeneous group of species, variable in habit (trees and shrubs to herbs) and foliar, floral, and fruit morphology. The American, primarily herbaceous, species are divided into groups (G. L. Nesom 1989): sect. Pluchea, sect. Amplectifolium G. L. Nesom, and sect. Pterocaulis G. L. Nesom. Among the woody species, segregate genera have been recognized (Tessaria Ruiz & Pavón, Berthelotia de Candolle, Eremohylema A. Nelson); boundaries among segregates have not been clearly drawn.

Key

1 Shrubs or trees; leaves and stems sericeous, not glandular Pluchea sericea
1 Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs; leaves and stems not sericeous, usually glandular > 2
2 Stems (winged by decurrent leaf bases) Pluchea sagittalis
2 Stems (not winged, leaf bases sometimes clasping, not decurrent) > 3
3 Leaves petiolate, blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate (bases not clasping) > 4
3 Leaves sessile, blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate (bases clasping to subclasping) > 6
4 Subshrubs, 100–400 cm; leaf margins entire or denticulate (teeth callous-tipped). Pluchea carolinensis
4 Annuals or perennials, 50–200+ cm; leaf margins serrate > 5
5 Involucres 4–6 × 3–4 mm; phyllaries usually cream, sometimes purplish, usually minutely sessile-glandular, sometimes glabrate (the outermost puberulent); stems usually closely arachose (hairs appressed); arrays of heads paniculiform (of rounded-convex corymbiform clusters terminating branches from distal nodes, arrays usually resulting from strongly ascending, bracteate branches, the central axis longest, first to flower, and, rarely, the only component of an array); leaves petiolate; inland, non-saline habitats Pluchea camphorata
5 Involucres 5–6 × 4–8(–10) mm; phyllaries usually cream, sometimes purplish, minutely sessile-glandular (outer also puberulent, hairs multicellular, viscid), sometimes glabrate; stems not arachnose; arrays of heads corymbiform (flat-topped to rounded, often layered, sometimes incorporating relatively long, leafy, lateral branches, clusters of heads terminal on leafy branches, some lateral branches nearly equaling or surpassing central portion); leaves sessile or petiolate; primarily coastal salt marshes, also inland habitats west of Mississippi River Pluchea odorata
6 Leaves mostly 8–20 × 3–7 cm; involucres cylindro-campanulate, 9–12 mm (mid phyllaries 2.5–3 mm wide); phyllaries and corollas creamy white. Pluchea longifolia
6 Leaves mostly 3–10 × 1–3 cm; involucres turbinate-campanulate to cylindro-campanulate, 5–8 mm (mid phyllaries 1–1.5 mm wide); phyllaries and corollas yellowish or creamy white to lavender, pale pink, pinkish, purplish, or rosy > 7
7 Stems and leaves (slightly succulent, shiny) glandular, otherwise mostly glabrous; involucres 5–6 × 4–5 mm; phyllaries and corollas pink to lavender or cream or pinkish to rosy Pluchea yucatanensis
7 Stems and leaves at least puberulent or arachnose as well as glandular; involucres 4–10 × 5–12 mm; phyllaries and corollas rose-pink to purplish, rose-purple, greenish, cream, or creamy white to yellowish, or pale pink > 8
8 Phyllaries and corollas usually creamy white, sometimes cream, greenish, rose-purple, purplish, pale pink, or yellowish; involucres 5–10 × 6–9(–12) mm (bases rounded to impressed); phyllaries thinly arachnose and sessile-glandular Pluchea foetida
8 Phyllaries and corollas rose-pink to purplish; involucres 4–6 × 5–9 mm (bases obtuse to barely acute); phyllaries usually arachnose (sometimes also with viscid hairs) Pluchea baccharis
... more about "Pluchea"
sessile-glandular +  and stipitate +
villous +, strigose +, sericeous +, puberulent +  and arachnose +
glabrous +  and glabrate +
obtuse;rounded +
scarious +
ovate +  and lanceovate or linear +
paniculiform +  and corymbiform +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Guy L. Nesom +
Cassini +
not +  and clasping +
decurrent +
Undefined tribe Plucheinae +
compound +  and simple +
ovate;obovate;ovate;obovate;oblong;oblanceolate;lanceolate;elliptic +
ribbed;smooth +
connate +  and distinct +
rosy +, purplish +, lavender +, pinkish +, yellowish +, whitish +  and creamy white +
oblong-cylindric +
Tropical and warm-temperate regions +, North America +, West Indies +, South America +, se Asia +, Africa +, Australia +  and Pacific Islands +
For Abbé N. A. Pluche, 1688–1761, French naturalist +
glabrous +, sessile-glandular +  and strigillose +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
indeterminate +
heterogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
turbinate;hemispheric;turbinate;hemispheric;cylindric;cupulate;campanulate +
sessile +  and petiolate +
deltate +
dentate +  and entire +
denticulate +  and entire +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
flat;convex +
cabrera1939a +, e1979a +, godfrey1952a +, jones2001a +, keeley1991a +, nesom1989a +  and robinson1973a +
4 +  and 8 +
setiform +
exalbuminous +
stipitate +, winged +, branched +  and simple +
glabrous +, usually puberulent +  and tomentose +
appendaged +  and truncate +
papillate +
Compositae +
Pluchea +
Asteraceae tribe Plucheeae +
fibrous-rooted +  and taprooted +
200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br /> (500 cm5,000 mm <br />5 m <br />) +
perennial +  and annual +
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br />) +
fibrous-rooted +  and taprooted +
200 cm2,000 mm <br />2 m <br /> (500 cm5,000 mm <br />5 m <br />) +
tree +, shrub +  and subshrub +