8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or basal and cauline;
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
on page 3, 5, 255, 336, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; mostly opposite (Lasthenia)
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
63, 173, 175, 182. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 20–500 cm. Leaves usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal
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introrsely; torus conic; carpels 2–200 (–220), glabrous, styles subterminal; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, (1–) 2–200 (–220), obliquely ovoid to reniform
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Mentioned on page 3, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 97, 102, 105, 106. Perennials, 5–100 (–200) cm; woody caudices or rhizomes. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, sometimes
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257, 300, 301, 306. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (0.5–) 1–250 cm. Leaves mostly basal, or basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; opposite and/or
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
page 51, 136, 148, 149, 157, 170. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 20–300 (–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally
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individual head) > 13 12 Shrubs (40–70 cm); cypselae glabrous or glabrate Mutisieae (Hecastocleis) 12 Perennials (100–200 cm); cypselae villous Cardueae (Echinops)
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
Mentioned on page 333, 334. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 2–45 (–75) cm (glabrous or hairy, often glanddotted). Stems erect to pendent. Leaves mostly
8 KB (548 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10–80 (–200) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly
11 KB (696 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
222, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–) 5–50 (–120+) [200+] cm. Leaves mostly cauline, sometimes basal or basal and cauline; mostly opposite
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Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80 (–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). Leaves basal, basal and cauline
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page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate)
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page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor odor
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terminal, sometimes also axillary, (1-) 2-200-flowered panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts
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5–14 mm. Ray-florets 0, or 3–5, or 6–18; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 9–200; corollas yellow or white. Cypselae linear, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate
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471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
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Ribes viscosissimum, Ribes watsonianum, Ribes wolfii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 200. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 94. 1754 ,. Nancy R. Morin Common names: Currant gooseberry
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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(unequally valvate in Tiarella), dehiscence septicidal between beaks. Seeds 5–200, tan, brown, dark-brown, black, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or red, rarely
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335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ±
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191, 192, 196, 200, 213, 662, 666. Plants very small to large, as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm, not complanate-foliate
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 65, 157. Perennials, 20–250+ cm (fibrous-rooted, rhizomatous, or taprooted). Stems usually erect, usually
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Mentioned on page 51, 184. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80 (–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in C. auriculata)
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scales Dimeresiinae 3 Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–)5–200(–300) cm; phyllaries 2–50+; ray florets 0 or (1–)4–21(–60+); disc florets (1–)5–60(–300);
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66, 67. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). Stems 1+, usually erect,
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on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
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Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
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biennials, or perennials (subshrubs in D. canescens var. ziegleri), 10–100 cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, much branched (when well developed)
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caudex woody or fleshy, taprooted to fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous. Stems 1–200, strongly decumbent to erect, sometimes prostrate or sprawling, frequently
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82, 83, 93, 96, 97, 100, 102, 1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–400 cm, spiny. Stems (1–several) erect, branched or simple, sometimes narrowly spiny-winged
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on page 219, 349, 351, 354, 360, 361, 370. Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender
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Inflorescences terminal, 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences
19 KB (1,214 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
page 52. Mentioned on page 45. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 (–200) cm (rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted, or taprooted). Stems green. Leaves green,
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sheaths; ligules present; blades filiform to flat with filiform tip, to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–) 2–10
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395, 401, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, (2–) 5–70 (–200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to prostrate, usually branched. Leaves basal and/or
11 KB (947 words) - 22:31, 29 July 2020
396. Mentioned on page 5, 255, 364, 365, 366. Annuals or perennials, 5–150 cm. Stems erect, simple or branched (aerial shoots often from subterranean caudices)
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green distally, yellowbrown to brown proximally. Stems short or reaching 2 cm or more, simple or sometimes with a few branches; rhizoids at base, smoth
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15, 17, 384, 394, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3–100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much branched [rhizomes]). Stems erect, spreading
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 195, 200, 201, 208, 215. Herbs or shrubs, annual or (weak) perennial. Stems sparsely
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cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often soft), tuberculate
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 201. Mentioned on page 199, 200. Herbs, annual or perennial (unscented). Stems sparsely or profusely branched;
6 KB (350 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
5–10 (pericarps without apical resin sacs) > 31 31 Plants (10–)50–130(–200+) cm; disc corolla tubes ± cylindric (proximally swollen, becoming spongy in
23 KB (1,089 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs 20–75 [–200+] cm, usually rhizomatous and/or roots notably fleshy or thickened. Leaves (excluding
4 KB (371 words) - 12:57, 30 July 2020
page 245, 248, 249, 250. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, to 200+ cm [trees to 400 cm] (usually ± succulent, herbage usually glaucous). Stems (often
9 KB (638 words) - 23:35, 29 July 2020
Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants caulescent, 30–200 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete, glabrous, hirsute, hispid, or scabrous. Leaves:
6 KB (601 words) - 23:02, 29 July 2020
194, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 1–2 (–3) or (1–) 5–15 (–75+) cm (usually taprooted or developing ± woody caudices, sometimes rhizomatous)
18 KB (845 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
21. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 67. Perennials, 20–150 cm. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves basal and cauline; opposite (proximal)
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Central America, and tropical South America, widely cultivated Species ca. 200 (27 in the flora). Specimens of Agave are planted occasionally for their horticultural
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
20. Treatment on page 629. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Shrubs, mostly 30–200 cm. Stems 1–5+, erect to spreading (tomentose to pannose or glabrous, often
10 KB (537 words) - 21:25, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 353. Mentioned on page 17. Perennials, 30–200+ cm (rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or with basal offshoots). Stems erect to ascending
9 KB (535 words) - 22:17, 29 July 2020
stoloniferous; caudex sometimes bearing bulbils. Flowering-stems erect, leafy, 8–85 cm, stipitate-glandular. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline; cauline leaves
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appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 206. Mentioned on page 58, 67, 200, 201, 207. Perennials, 2–20 (–30+) dm (rhizomatous or not). Leaves usually
13 KB (807 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
longer than diameter of stem; proximal 1–5 lateral spikes pistillate, with 40–200 perigynia, or, sometimes, some androgynous, pedunculate, prophyllate; distal
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fruiting peduncles 6–9 cm; fruits 6–10 cm. Apodanthera 3 Leaf surfaces eglandular or glandular; fruiting peduncles 0–5 cm; fruits 0.6–2 cm > 4 4 Pistillate flowers
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perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees (usually fetid-aromatic), (20–) 50–200 (–500) cm; taprooted or fibrous-rooted. Stems erect, simple or branched, seldom
14 KB (712 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
21. Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 43, 64, 65. Perennials, to 140 cm (caudices vertical or horizontal; plants usually taprooted, fibrous-rooted
10 KB (797 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
8–16.5 cm, distal internode 3–15 mm. Sessile leaves up to 5 cm, blade linear, apex acuminate. Petiolate leaves: stipule 3.5–5.7 cm; petiole 7–28 cm, rigid;
6 KB (494 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
bracts, to 50 cm (exclusive of inflorescence). Leaves 1–2 with 1–3 foliaceous bracts; blade 12–40 × 2–8 cm, leathery. Inflorescences to 50 cm; bracts 0.5–1
5 KB (514 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
erect, yellow, 6–9 cm; anthers yellow, 25–35 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6 (–8) mm. Capsules short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked. Seeds
8 KB (650 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
Volume 10. Stems erect to decumbent, 20–200 cm, puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, 1–6 cm. Inflorescences open or dense spikes
8 KB (777 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Flowering-stems ± erect, leafy, 1–40 [–100] cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, alternate (opposite in S. nathorstii
21 KB (1,151 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
Plants 20–200 cm. Leaves usually ascending, almost parallel with stems; petioles winged, 1.5–5 mm; blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2–11 cm, bases
6 KB (509 words) - 19:57, 29 July 2020
Flora of North America Association Plants 20–40 cm. Leaves usually 5–8 per shoot, primary divisions 3–6 × 2–5 cm, bases notably narrowed (stalklike), ultimate
4 KB (395 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 209. Mentioned on page 200, 205, 208. Herbs, usually annual [perennial] (usually unpleasantly scented)
8 KB (453 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
page 276. Mentioned on page 254, 255, 256, 277, 280, 291. Annuals, 10–120 cm. Stems ± erect to prostrate. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering); proximal
9 KB (671 words) - 23:40, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 222. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–120 [–200+] cm. Stems erect, usually strictly branched. Leaves cauline; opposite or alternate;
8 KB (535 words) - 23:32, 29 July 2020
Neckera douglasii, Neckera menziesii, Neckera pennata Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 200, plate 46, figs. 10 – 15. , plates 47, 48. 1801. Inés Sastre-De Jesús Etymology:
8 KB (579 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
by persistent primary leaves or leaf-bases; longest internodes less than 1cm; buds conspicuous. Roots fibrous to woody, unspecialized. Leaves (needles)
13 KB (769 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
acute, glabrous. Inflorescences: peduncle to 12 cm. Flowers lasting 2–4 days, 5–9 cm diam.; petals 200–250, in concentric rows, shining yellow; stamens to
5 KB (421 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
salverform, limb lobes linear to oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, shorter than 2 cm, apex obtuse to acuminate; stamens 3, unequal, 2 lateral ones usually shorter;
9 KB (438 words) - 06:03, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 353. Mentioned on page 350, 351, 352, 354, 355. Annuals, 10–200 cm (taproots relatively large). Stems single, branches divaricately or freely
6 KB (557 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119, 120. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (10–) 30–150 cm. Stems erect, usually branched from bases, often throughout (scapiform in
9 KB (624 words) - 23:10, 29 July 2020
FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 529. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 5-200 cm, erect or decumbent, usually geniculate; nodes and internodes usually glabrous
11 KB (962 words) - 04:13, 30 July 2020
elliptic to linear, orbiculate, lanceolate, or ovate, [0.3–] 0.4–15 (–21) cm, leathery to membranous, margins flat or revolute, entire, venation pinnate
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 478. Mentioned on page 461, 462, 481. Perennials, 50–200 cm (usually rhizomatous, colonial, rhizomes relatively slender). Stems erect
7 KB (455 words) - 22:45, 29 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
perennial, stout, to 100 cm; rhizomes present. Leaves emersed, submersed leaves mostly absent; petiole 5–6-ridged, 17.5–45 cm; blade with translucent markings
7 KB (454 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
Association Plants (50–) 100–200 cm. Stems sparsely branched; glandular-pubescent. Leaves: stipular spines 1–3 mm; petiole 2.5–7.5 cm, glandular-pubescent, with
7 KB (559 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (30–) 40–150 (–200) cm. Stems sparsely branched distally (central stem dominant); glaucous, glabrous
6 KB (447 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
Shrubs (evergreen), 50–200 cm. Stems profusely branched; glabrate or puberulent (bark corky, twigs smooth). Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm; leaflets 3, blade oblongelliptic
6 KB (512 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 6, 41. Annuals [perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs], [3–] 20–200 [–500] cm [rooting at nodes]. Leaves cauline; opposite (all or proximal) or alternate
6 KB (520 words) - 23:48, 29 July 2020
1 Culms 200-700 cm tall; inflorescences plumose, 30-130 cm long Cortaderia 1 Culms 2-100 cm tall; inflorescences not plumose, 0.5-12 cm long. > 2 2 Lemmas
3 KB (589 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
plants to 50 cm, leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic (mostly 2–7 cm × 4–8 mm), involucres mostly hemispheric, usually much less than 1 cm high or wide
10 KB (870 words) - 23:00, 29 July 2020
Inflorescence bracts 2, 2–4 mm. Pedicels 0.2–0.4 (–0.5) cm × 1 mm. Flowers (5–) 7–10 (–12) cm diam.; sepals suborbiculate, 7–9 × 5–9 mm; petals 5, white
7 KB (578 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
terrestrial, 50–150 cm. Pseudobulbs elongate, fusiform. Inflorescences erect, racemes to panicles, 100–200 cm. Flowers bright-yellow, 3–4 cm wide; lip with
4 KB (528 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 199. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (10–) 30–45 cm; bulbs often stoloniferous
6 KB (435 words) - 05:44, 30 July 2020
12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm (taprooted, rhizomatous in G. oölepis). Stems (1–6+) usually erect, sometimes
23 KB (1,525 words) - 22:29, 29 July 2020
fibrous, usually not persistent after seed dispersal, violet to purple, 0.1–0.4 cm diam. proximal to proximalmost flower. Pedicels nodding at anthesis, erect
6 KB (391 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 2–30+ cm. Caudices ± branched, branches notably thickened distally. Stems 1–35 (–60)
7 KB (605 words) - 22:40, 29 July 2020
page 57, 66, 83, 96, 97, 122. Annuals or biennials [perennials], 30–200 (–400) cm, spiny, ± tomentose, sometimes glabrate. Stems erect, simple to much
10 KB (613 words) - 20:17, 29 July 2020
Leaf-blades ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic, (4.2–) 10 (–21) × (2–) 4 (–8) cm, base acute to rounded, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces puberulent when
6 KB (403 words) - 18:35, 29 July 2020
ovoid-campanulate at maturity, 2-4 × 1-2 cm; tepals linear to linear-spatulate or ovate-elliptic, 2-6 × 0.5-1 cm, apex rounded; stamens 10-15, linear to
4 KB (366 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
(perennials, leaves in basal rosettes, 8–15 cm, blades usually lyrate, abaxially lanate, peduncles scapiform, 10–25+ cm, ray corollas mostly yellow, abaxially
10 KB (639 words) - 20:03, 29 July 2020
Psilocarya A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 201, 231, 238. Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 734. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 8-200 cm, erect or decumbent. Sheaths open; auricles absent; ligules membranous;
9 KB (900 words) - 02:38, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 473. Mentioned on page 40, 471, 474. Perennials [annuals], 20–200 cm. Leaves basal (usually withering before flowering) and cauline; petiolate
6 KB (397 words) - 20:42, 29 July 2020
ovate, 4–9 × 4–12 cm, at least as long as wide, base usually strongly cordate, margins crenate-dentate, apex obtuse (acute). Petals 1.5–3.5 cm. 2n = 28. Phenology:
4 KB (508 words) - 11:30, 30 July 2020
annual or perennial; sometimes cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 4-230 cm tall, erect or decumbent, sometimes swollen at the base, not branching above
15 KB (1,207 words) - 02:41, 30 July 2020
valvate or operculate and lid opening as 5 (–10+) toothlike segments. Seeds 50–200, dark-brown to black, globose to ovoid or quadrate, sometimes with thin, membranous
21 KB (1,760 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
Georgia often comprise individuals with smaller leaves (1–4 × 0.5–1 cm), inflorescences (4–9 cm), and petals (to 3 mm), and have been segregated by some authors
5 KB (440 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 532. Mentioned on page 476, 533, 534, 537. Perennials 10–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–5+, ascending to erect, glabrous or sparsely
9 KB (786 words) - 21:09, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 43. Mentioned on page 19, 39, 78, 79, 102. Perennials, 40–200 cm (rhizomatous or with short woody crowns). Stems erect, simple, glabrous
10 KB (712 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
subulate, 2–5 cm. Scape 5–9 m. Inflorescences: lateral branches 15–35. Flowers 7–10 cm; perianth-tube 8–20 × 12–20 cm; ovary 3–4.5 cm. Capsules 4–8 cm. Seeds
5 KB (544 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
red, 18–50 cm, wings 0.5–1 cm wide, late spring pitchers erect, 18–50 cm, yellow-green, often suffused with bronze to red; orifice 0.7–2 cm wide, rim loosely
6 KB (731 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
9, 13, 87, 89, 94, 95, 437. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–150 (–200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to ascending, usually branched, glabrous or papillate-scabrous
13 KB (837 words) - 21:29, 29 July 2020
Association Shrubs, to 200 cm, epiphytic. Stem segments light green, 40–120 × 6–9 (–10) cm, margins obtusely serrate; areoles 3–8 cm apart along margins.
5 KB (772 words) - 09:21, 30 July 2020
(–4) cm, margins serrulate-denticulate, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces glandular-pubescent abaxially, glandular adaxially. Racemes 1–20 cm (10–40 cm in fruit);
6 KB (440 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
puberulent. Leaves: petiole 2.5–3.5 (–6) cm; blade obovate to oblong (widest distal to midpoint), 5–9 (–12) × 2–4 (–6) cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins obscurely
7 KB (500 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
page 598. Plants (50–) 70–150 (–200) cm. Stems erect, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves: ocrea reddish-brown, funnelform, 1–3 cm, margins oblique, glabrous or
6 KB (593 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
short caulescent and forming low rounded mounds, or caulescent and erect, 0–200 cm; taprooted. Stems absent, or with crowded branches from near base, or simple
15 KB (1,232 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
310. Mentioned on page 219, 309, 349, 360. Annuals or perennials, 2–70 (–200) cm; taprooted (rhizomatous or taproots becoming caudices in M. saxatilis).
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Mentioned on page 31, 53, 485, 486, 487, 488, 558. Perennials, (10–) 40–130 (–200+) cm (rhizomatous, roots usually red-tipped). Stems usually 1, erect, simple
8 KB (520 words) - 20:54, 29 July 2020
annual; rhizomatous or cespitose, rhizomes often extensively branched. Culms 5-200 cm, erect or decumbent, often rooting at the lower nodes, sometimes branched
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perennials, 30–200 cm (taprooted). Stems decumbent to erect, glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades
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1 dm. Leaves: stipules subequal to petioles; petiole 2–6 mm; blade 0.5–1.5 cm, ± as wide as long, softly stellate-hairy. Flowers subsessile; calyx 5–7 mm
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spaced proximally, becoming clustered to whorled near inflorescence; blade 1–8 cm. Inflorescences with inflated rachises (rays) and peduncle. Flowers: calyx
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zigzag shape. Leaf-blade lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 1.5-4 × 0.4-1.5 cm, mostly glabrous; surfaces abaxially frequently with spreading hairs along
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petiole 3-10 mm, pubescent. Leaf-blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 4-8 × 2-4 cm, somewhat leathery, base cuneate, margins ciliate when young, apex obtuse
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America Association Plants annual or biennial, glabrous, glaucous. Stems 5–50 cm. Leaves mostly alternate; blade lance-oblong to linear-oblanceolate, 5–30
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petiole 2–4 cm. Umbels 3–8-flowered, bracteate. Flowers: tepals red to wine, spotted purplish brown, greenish at apex, narrowly spatulate, 3.5–4.5 cm, apex and
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petiole 3–10 (–16) cm; blade 3–25 (–40) × 4–25 (–40) cm, lobes obscure, rounded, apex apiculate. Inflorescences: pistillate peduncles 6–10 cm. Flowers: petal
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petiole to 4 cm; leaf-blade 1-3.5 × 1.5-5.5 cm, terminal segments 3-200, linear to slightly spatulate, to 1.8 mm wide. Floating leaves: blade 0.6-3 cm × 1-4 mm
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constricted; petals to 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm, apex rounded; filaments: free portion 4–6 mm. Capsules 1.5–2 × 0.9-1 cm, hairy; columella adnate to valves at
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on page 516. Mentioned on page 407, 510, 511, 512, 515, 5. Shrubs, 40–200 (–300) cm (herbage gray-haired), aromatic; not root-sprouting (trunks relatively
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periderm absent. Stems 5–10 cm. Leaves: blades gray, beige, or pink, glaucous; basal leaf-blades linear or spatulate, 1–6 × 0.05–0.5 cm; cauline leaves sessile
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emarginate; filaments white, glabrous, anthers longer than wide; carpels 10–200 (–220). Achenes 0.8–2 mm, usually smooth or slightly rugose, sometimes merely
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leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas
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on page 41. Mentioned on page 7. Perennials or subshrubs, (10–) 30–100 [–200] cm. Leaves cauline; opposite; ± petiolate; blades deltate or rounded-deltate
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Treatment on page 85. Mentioned on page 12, 28, 64, 82, 83. Perennials, 100–200 cm, herbage usually ± tomentose, spiny. Stems usually erect, simple or branched
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Treatment on page 112. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119, 120. Perennials 15–100+ cm (caudices or taproots woody). Stems erect, branched from bases. Leaves basal;
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Inflorescence bracts 1, 10–15 mm. Pedicels 0.3–0.4 (–0.7) cm × 1 mm. Flowers (5–) 6–10 cm diam.; sepals lanceolate, (11–) 14–18 × 6–9 mm; petals 5 (–8)
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 146. Mentioned on page 144, 145. Plants 30–200 cm; rhizomes long-creeping, forming clones. Stems 1–50+, erect, glabrous or
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FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 123, 125, 178, 196, 200, 206, 212, 213, 218. Perennials, tufted to ± matted, not stoloniferous; taproots
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at older nodes; internodes 1–3 cm, thin, tough. Leaves: blade cylindric, slightly thickened apically, 1.2–1.4 × 0.25 cm. Inflorescences: flowers usually
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America Association Plants 50–250 cm, herbage canescent-tomentose throughout. Stems: wings 0.5–2 cm wide. Leaves 10–50 cm, margins shallowly to ± deeply 1–2-pinnatifid
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36. Mentioned on page 8, 9, 12, 349. Annuals or perennials, 10–120 (–350+) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes with ± woody caudices). Stems usually erect
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 498. Mentioned on page 466, 491. Perennials, 30–200 cm (bases woody). Stems branched, pubescent. Leaves mostly opposite (alternate
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page 97. Mentioned on page 8, 14, 96, 98, 108. Perennials or subshrubs, 40–200 cm (rhizomes creeping, fibrous-rooted). Stems erect (nearly terete), simple
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var. occidentalis (Linnaeus) Oakes in Z. Thompson, Nat. Hist. Vermont 1: 200. 1842. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling Illustrated Basionym: Cypripedium
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in many regions of the world as naturalized or casual aliens Species 190–200 (63 in the flora). Carefully collected mature specimens with well-developed
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in dense turfs, green, yellow-green, redbrown, pink, or red. Stems 0.5–4 cm, evenly foliate, not or rarely weakly julaceous, somewhat branched; rhizoids
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North America Association Plants 50–100 (–200) cm. Leaves: basal blades ± elliptic, mostly 15–40 cm × 100–200+ mm (bases decurrent onto strongly ribbed
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Mentioned on page 19, 427, 428, 433, 445, 449, 473, 480. Shrubs or trees, 2–200 dm. Stems 1+ (derived from root shoots), erect; bark dark-brown, reddish-brown
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Treatment on page 359. Mentioned on page 350, 351, 352, 353, 354. Annuals, 50–200 cm. Stems single, branches virgate, usually glabrous, rarely tomentose. Leaves
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Association Stems weakly erect to reclining, 10-30 cm, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; basal petioles 2 cm, distal petioles shorter. Leaf-blade: basal usually
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60–120 (–200) cm. Leaves: petiole 1/2–1/3 blade length; blade broadly lanceolate to cordate; basal leaf-blade 10–20 (–27) × 4.5–8 (–18) cm; cauline leaves
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50 cm. Roots branched; stolon buds with 10 or more roots. Leaves floating or emersed in dense vegetation and when stranded; blade 1–10 × 0.9–7.8 cm; primary-veins
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diam.; phyllaries (5–)8–45(–65+) in (1–)2–8+ series; florets (3–)10–125(–200+). > 3 2 Subshrubs or shrubs; phyllaries 5(–6); florets 5(–6) Stevia 2 Vines;
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6–13 (–18) cm. Flowers 2.5–6 cm diam.; sepals light-brown, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.7 cm; spur straight or slightly curved, 2.5–3.5 cm; petals yellow
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(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
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rhizomes to 200 cm. Culms to 25 cm apart, 1 (–3) together, terete (scarcely compressed in drying), occasionally trigonous for apical 1/3, 40–140 (–200) cm, 4–12
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 421. Mentioned on page 414, 415, 423. Plants 20–75 cm. Stems 2–5, erect or strongly ascending, brownish to red-tinged, bases often
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well-developed trunks. Stems dark green, growing to 200 cm per season; ribs from base to rib crest 3–5 cm, less than 1 cm thick. Spines abruptly thickened at base
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and cauline; basal: petiole 1–8 cm, floccose, blade oblong-ovate, reniform, or rounded to cordate, 0.5–5 × 0.5–3.5 cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially
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evergreen, ca. 65–200 cm or more. Petiole tan, (25–) 40–120 cm × 4–10 mm, at base with scales absent or ephemeral. Blade 40–100 cm or more, gradually
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0.1–0.7 cm, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces stipitate-glandular throughout (sparingly hairy abaxially). Racemes 1–3 cm (6–15 cm in fruit);
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Association Aerial shoots (7.5-) 10-30 cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes horizontal. Basal leaves 0-2, ternate; petiole 10-15 cm; terminal leaflet sessile, ovate to
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Flora of North America Association Plants 70–170 cm. Leaves linear-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 20–120 × 3–11 cm, apex acuminate. Inflorescences erect, to 1
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Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 395. Biennials or perennials, to 120 cm. Stems erect, often scapiform (1 stem per crown in biennials, usually 3+ in
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Treatment on page 83. Mentioned on page 65, 84. Perennials or subshrubs, 8–120 cm (stems often arising annually from taproots or woody caudices; herbage usually
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542, 603. Annuals or perennials (often with rank, pungent odor), mostly 20–200 cm (taprooted; glabrous or ± tomentose or villous, often unevenly glabrescent)
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on page 310, 311. Perennials (sometimes flowering first-year), (20–) 90–200 cm. Stems 1 (from rhizomes) or 2–3+ (from caudices), usually erect (sometimes
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Mentioned on page 214, 219, 220. Biennials (rarely perennials), 30–100 (–200) cm; taprooted (rarely perennating by production of basal rosettes). Stems erect
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glabrous adaxially. Inflorescences 5–26 cm; peduncle (0.1–) 5–35 mm. Pedicels jointed proximal to middle, 0.5–1 cm. Flowers: tepals linear-oblong to oblong
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100–200 leaves at maturity, light green, flat-topped. Leaves (3–) 9–20 (–27) × 0.5–1.2 cm; margins denticulate below mid leaf. Flowers 1.6–2.1 cm; limb
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unbranched, square to round, 80–200 cm. Leaves: basal and cauline: petiole (5–) 15–100 mm; blade ovate to ovatelanceolate, 15–35 x 6–22 cm, segment margins irregularly
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Treatment on page 87. Mentioned on page 9, 88, 89, 95. Annuals, 20–100 (–200) cm (glabrous, with strong terpenoid smell when crushed; taprooted). Stems erect
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on page 122. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119. Annuals or perennials, 10–100 cm. Stems erect, branched (branches ascending). Leaves basal and cauline; alternate;
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 521. Mentioned on page 513, 534. Plants 30–120 cm. Corms depressed-globose or globose to napiform. Stems puberulent to hirsute-puberulent
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 357. Mentioned on page 355. Plants 30–200 cm; basal offshoots and stolons present or absent. Stems erect (slender). Leaf-blades
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page 496. Mentioned on page 14, 26, 487. Annuals or perennials, 5–20 (–35+) cm, (aromatic). Stems usually 1, erect, ascending, or prostrate, usually branched
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page 132. Mentioned on page 64, 65, 67. Annuals or perennials, 10–20 (–30+) cm. Stems prostrate to erect, usually branched ± throughout. Leaves cauline;
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Mentioned on page 461, 462. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees, vines], 40–200+ cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes
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or biennials, 30–200 (–400) cm. Stems openly branching, villous with curled, septate hairs to nearly glabrous, teeth of wings to 1.5 cm, wing spines to
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Plants (30–) 50–150 (–200) cm. Stems erect, glabrous or densely and retrorsely pubescent. Leaves: ocrea reddish-brown, funnelform, 1–2.2 cm, margins oblique
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sessile or petiolate; petiole, ± clasping; blade ovate to spatulate, flat, 2–20 cm, margins undulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes; proximal bracts
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems white, 0.3–1 cm. Leaves appressed, white, subulate to ovate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm. Flowers white
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concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 299. Stems 6–13 cm. Leaves: blade linear to slightly lanceolate, apex acute. Dichasial bracts
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(–3) -lobed. Leaves deciduous, bright green, pale toward base, less than 8 cm, gradually tapering to tip, often surrounded at base by several black scales
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page 490. Mentioned on page 460. Perennials or subshrubs [annuals], 10–150 cm. Stems usually erect, sometimes basally decumbent [creeping]. Leaves cauline;
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rarely white, funnelform, limb lobes obovate to oblanceolate, longer than 2 cm, glandular-pubescent, apex obtuse to acute; stamens 6, distal 3 shorter than
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 5–30 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm. Leaves 3–11 cm × 1–2 mm. Inflorescences: spikes (1–) 2–5, ovoid-ellipsoid,
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trailing, 50–200 cm, villous; roots fibrous; tendrils 2–3-branched. Leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate-ovate or ovate-triangular, mostly 8–20 cm, 3–5-lobed
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lepidote. Leaves not clustered; stipules subulate, 0.2 mm; petiole 0.2–1 (–2) cm, glands absent at apex; blade on proximal parts of stems oval to narrowly
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America Association Herbs, annual, taprooted. Stem 1, 10-40 cm. Leaves: basal leaves 2-5 cm, similar to cauline, petiolate; cauline leaves sessile or subsessile
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hairy. Leaves: petiole 1.5–3.5 (–6) cm; blade suborbiculate to orbiculate, deeply palmately 5–7-lobed, 5–10 (–12) cm, base cordate, lobes ovate-oblong or
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partially erect, (greenish), 50–200+ cm, ± glandular-hairy, glabrescent. Leaf-blades oval to ovate or orbiculate to reniform, 4–8+ cm, base rounded or cordate
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often sharply distinct from the blades of the cauline leaves. Culms 5-150 cm, herbaceous, hollow, usually erect or ascending, rarely sprawling, in the
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tropics; usually terrestrial, sometimes aquatic but not floating. Culms 5-200 cm tall, 0.4-3 mm thick, decumbent to erect, commonly geniculate to ascending
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absent or a mucro or awn (tooth) at apex of sheath, very rarely flattened, to 6 cm. Inflorescences terminal; spikelet 1; involucral-bracts absent, rarely a proximal
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internodes absent. Leaves: petiole 3–6 cm, glabrous; blade suborbiculate, 5-lobed, cleft 1/3–1/2 to midrib, 2.5–4.5 cm, base truncate to cordate, surfaces
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(–45) mm, unwinged distally, 5–110 (–200) mm; blade linear to lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 1–8 (–10) × 0.5–1.7 (–2.3) cm, base cuneate to rounded or cordate
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erect; blades mostly oblanceolate to spatulate, sometimes nearly linear, 3–15 cm, margins usually dentate to lobed or pinnatifid, rarely entire, lobes 3–5
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Volume 22. Herbs, perennial, stout, to 200 cm; rhizomes present. Leaves emersed; petiole 4–5-ridged, to 115 cm; blade with translucent markings dots and
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30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic; leaves 2–3-pinnatifid; arrays of heads 10–20 cm diam Artemisia annua 5 Annuals or biennials, (10–)30–80(–150) cm, not
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 515. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800 cm, not woody, sometimes branching above the base; internodes solid or hollow
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America Association Plants 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems lax, sprawling or scandent. Leaves: petioles (0.5–) 1–3.5 (–4) cm; blades triangular-deltate, (1–) 2–5
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on page 410. Plants densely cespitose, with¬out rhizomes. Culms 30-150 (200) cm, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes scabrous. Sheaths closed for less than
11 KB (1,079 words) - 03:09, 30 July 2020
abaxially paler, 5–10 (–15) × 1.5–4 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences appearing with leaves, 3–10 cm. Flowers: sepals 1.5–2 mm, glabrous
5 KB (552 words) - 14:23, 30 July 2020
glabrous; blade elliptic, narrowly lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 7–15 × 2–4 cm, margins crenulate or undulate, subrevolute, (bearing large vascularized nodules)
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 274. Perennials, 0–150 (–200) cm, usually rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Stem-bases hard, sometimes ± woody
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Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 81. Plants caulescent, 40–200 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete to slightly square, sparsely scabrous or glabrous
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 477. Mentioned on page 475. Plants 30–200 cm. Stems usually dark purple at nodes, usually otherwise greenish, rarely
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branchlets with lepidote scales. Leaves: petiole 1–1.2 mm; blade 1–3 (–5) × 0.2–0.6 cm, base rounded, apex shallowly emarginate to rounded, abaxial surface densely
5 KB (449 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
concave, outer angle serrate near apex, 5–11 × 1–1.5 cm. Inflorescences: pedicel 20–60 mm. Flowers 8–10 cm diam.; calyx lobes 10–60 mm; outer 2 lobes sharply
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21. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 77. Plants caulescent, 75–300 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems square, glabrous, hispid, or scabrous. Leaves: basal
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blades lanceolate to linear, entire. Heads 20–200+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 2–14 cm, moderately to densely hairy. Involucres globoid
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contorted when dry, whitish to light green or pale-yellow. Stems 1–5 (–7.5) cm, fleshy, succulent, sparsely and irregularly branched; cortical cells large
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loose, glabrous; petiole (0.5–) 1–8 (–15) cm, glabrous; blade subhastate to elliptic or ovate, 1–10 × 0.5–6 cm, base truncate to cuneate, apex obtuse to
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usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms (3) 5-120 cm, usually erect. Sheaths open, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems to 50 cm × 0.1–0.7 mm. Leaves 6–10.5 cm; blade 0.3–0.5 mm, apex ± obtuse. Inflorescences: peduncles
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Association Plants biennial or perennial, to 8 dm. Stems branching. Leaves to 30 cm; basal numerous, blade densely pubescent; basal and proximal cauline with
5 KB (371 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
on page 518. Mentioned on page 510, 512, 515. Shrubs, 5–15 or 20–150 (–200) cm, aromatic; root-sprouting (caudices with adventitious-buds, fibrous-rooted)
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globose, 4–8 × 3.5–7.5 cm; basal plate 1–2 cm; neck 2.5–3.5 cm; tunic brown. Leaves deciduous, 3–6, erect, (3.8–) 5–9.5 dm × 1.5–4.5 cm, coriaceous; blade
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6 Stems 70–160 cm, (perennials); corollas 25–35 mm, lobes 6–14 mm; styles 15–28 mm; pedicels 5–25 mm. Agalinis linifolia 6 Stems 5–75 cm, (annuals); corollas
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Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, (25–) 50–200 (–300) cm. Branchlets often ± ascending, turning from grayish green to dull yellowish-brown
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Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 50–200 cm (short to long-rhizomatous, sometime colonial). Stems 1–10 (–20), ascending
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page 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], 70–500 [–700] cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves all or mostly cauline; opposite (proximal)
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usually yellowish greenish when fresh or dried, heterophyllous. Stems 30–200 cm. Leaf-blades light yellowish green, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, rarely
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24. Treatment on page 33. Plants annual or perennial. Culms annual, (1) 6-200 cm, sometimes woody, not aerenchymatous, sometimes branched above the base
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Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10–80 (–200) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly
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Volume 17. Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 183, 186, 201, 223. Subshrubs. Stems ascending to erect, (6–) 15–50 cm, retrorsely hairy, sometime glabrate
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338, 339, 340, 345, 347. Annuals, 5–40 cm; taprooted. Leaves basal; petiolate; blades linear to oblanceolate, 3–25 cm, margins entire, dentate, or pinnately
7 KB (621 words) - 20:24, 29 July 2020
in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 475. Mentioned on page 476. Plants 60–200 cm. Stems usually purple-spotted, sometimes uniformly purple, usually solid
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or ± yellow, lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong to narrowly ovate, 1–2 (–2.5) cm, not fleshy, margins plane or wavy, involute, (0–) 3–5 (–7) -lobed, apex rounded
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Mentioned on page 11, 17, 204, 205, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–50 cm (with taproots or fibrous-roots). Stems erect to decumbent, usually branched
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539. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rarely rhizomatous. Culms 10-600 cm, erect or decumbent. Ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades flat
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Treatment on page 481. Mentioned on page 479. Annuals or perennials, 20–200 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems stipitate to sessile-glandular (commonly with eglandular
6 KB (536 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 417. Mentioned on page 414. Plants 10–60 cm. Stems 1–4, erect or ascending, reddish, sometimes sparsely leafy, sparsely
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becoming glabrate, pith septate. Leaves: petioles 1–2.5 cm; blades elliptical to ovate, 5–20 × 2.5–8 cm, base usually truncate to broadly cordate or cuneate
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mostly 2–7 cm. Seeds 2–22 [–140]. 2n = 40 (Australia). Phenology: Flowering (Jan–)May–Jul(–Nov). Habitat: Disturbed sites Elevation: 200–500 m Generated
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lobed, (12–) 20–40 (–50) × 14–40 (–45) cm. Rachis and costae glabrous abaxially. Pinnae 1–2 (–3) pairs, 12–22 cm, base cordate, margins shallowly lobed
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unlobed or 1-3-lobed, 1.5-7 cm, somewhat leathery, margins entire. Flowers: sepals 4, blue to violet or rose-violet, 1.5-4 cm, length ca. 1.2-2 times width
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades 5–10 × 4–9 cm, base cordate, apex short-acuminate, surfaces hirsutulous. Inflorescences:
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homophyllous or heterophyllous. Stems prostrate to erect, branched, flexuous, 5–200 cm. Leaves: ocrea 3–15 mm, proximal part cylindric or ± funnelform, distal
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subulate, 3–5 cm. Scape 5–9 m. Inflorescences: lateral branches 15–35. Flowers 7–10 cm; perianth-tube 8–20 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm. Capsules 4–5 cm. Seeds unknown
5 KB (615 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
surface, flat to V-shaped, 25–100 cm × 2.4–11 mm. Inflorescences: heads digitate, globose, 1–1.7 cm diam.; rays 3–5, 1–7 cm; 2d order rays absent; bracts 3–5
8 KB (683 words) - 01:33, 30 July 2020
50 cm; stolons to 45 cm. Leaves: petioles 1.5–40 cm × 0.9–9 mm, sheathing base to 8.5 cm; blade broadly ovate to orbiculate, 1.4–11.9 × 0.9–10.6 cm, veins
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 20–55 (–70) cm. Stems 4–10.5 mm diam. Leaves: proximal leaves 4–5, sheathing; distal leaves
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Mentioned on page 466, 467, 469, 475, 477, 501, 509, 516. Perennials, 30–150 (–200) cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous (rhizomes usually white, thick, contorted).
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Treatment on page 480. Mentioned on page 467, 481. Annuals, (10–) 30–150 cm; taprooted. Stems 1, erect (often with purple or purplish brown areas), glabrous
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(–12) cm; 2d order rays usually absent (when present, 0.5–1.5 cm); bracts 4–8, horizontal to ascending at 15–30°, flat (or V-shaped), 3–30 (–50) cm × 1.5–8
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North America Association Plants 30–130 cm. Pseudobulbs underground. Leaves: blade linearlanceolate, 15–70 × 1–3.5 cm, apex long-acuminate. Inflorescences
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Mentioned on page 200. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (10–) 30–100 (–160) cm. Stems viscid. Leaves:
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dichotomously dissected; petiole 5-10 (-13) cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate to nearly sessile, obovate in outline, (2.5-) 3-5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins dichotomously
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(–100) cm × 1–4 mm, soft (flattened in drying), glabrous. Leaves usually reduced to sheaths, occasionally with blades, flat to V-shaped, (3–) 10–30 cm × (1–)
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leaves 1-5, simple, deeply divided; petiole 8-22 (-37) cm; leaf-blade orbiculate, 4-10 × 5-15 (-20) cm, base sagittate to nearly truncate, margins serrate
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quadrangular, splitting to base with intact central column; pedicellate. Seeds 200–500, in 1 row per locule, gray-brown, narrowly clavate, with ± persistent
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to 1 m × 1.5–3.5 cm, finely appressed-scaly; sheath pale or slightly rust colored, ovate, not inflated, not forming pseudobulb, 6–15 cm wide; blade linear-triangular
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petiole (0.5–) 1–15 (–25) cm, long hairs absent or sparse to dense, 1.5–3.5 mm; larger leaflets (0.4–) 0.5–5 (–7) × (0.2–) 0.3–2 (–3) cm, surfaces: abaxial with
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in the keys are as follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm)
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12-29 cm; petiole 1-3 (-4) cm. Leaflets 17-25, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, weakly to strongly falcate, 5.2-6.3 (-9.6) × 0.8-1.1 (-2.2) cm, margins
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Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 24, 25, 29. Subshrubs or shrubs, 60–200 cm (loosely branched, rounded and bushy, ± herbaceous distal to woody bases)
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Treatment on page 362. Mentioned on page 336, 353, 363. Subshrubs, 50–150 (–200) cm. Stems decumbent to ± erect, branched from bases or throughout (densely
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 614. Mentioned on page 541. Shrubs, 100–200 [–400+] cm (usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely arachnose or glabrate). Stems
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C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Basal leaves 8–40 cm; sheathing bases ± strigose; lateral leaflets 4–7 (–9) per side, ovate to
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems often forming dense mats, 5–30+ cm, often obscured by stipules and dense pubescence. Leaves: stipules 1–8 mm
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rocks, shrubs, and trees. Stems usually sharply 3-angled, to 500+ × 4–7.5 cm; ribs with undulate margins and gray, hornlike bark; areoles 2 mm diam. Spines
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of North America Association Plants sometimes growing in dense clumps, 50–200 cm. Corms tunicate, depressed-globose, 30–45 mm diam.; tunic fibrous, fibers
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leaflet blades ± obovate, terminal largest, largest of these 2.3–4.1 × 1–1.7 cm, margins incised, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surfaces glistening with sessile-glandular
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subgenusEleocharis subg. Scirpidium speciesEleocharis brachycarpa Svenson Rhodora 31: 200, plate 190, fig. 34. 1929. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*
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Treatment on page 175. Mentioned on page 57, 84, 176, 182. Annuals, 30–200 cm, not spiny. Stems erect, branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals 10–30 cm. Leaves: basal and proximal 4–8, blade oblong, 10–25 × 2–10 mm, apex obtuse;
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–40 cm, cespitose. Leaves: petiole 12–45 mm; blade reniform, 12–24 × 15–35 mm, surfaces
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(8–) 30–65 cm (caudices branching or rhizomes stout). Stolons none. Basal leaves 3–5-nerved, spatulate to oblanceolate or lanceolate, 50–200 × 4–25 mm,
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page 514. Mentioned on page 512, 523. Plants 15–78 cm. Leaves: basal 5–25, blade elliptic, 60–150 (or 200–250) x 3–23 mm, 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 503. Mentioned on page 492. Shrubs, 20–200 [–250] cm. Stems branched from above bases, ± glabrous. Leaves alternate; petioles
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Flora of North America Association Stems erect to reclining, slender, 60-200 cm. Leaves: proximal cauline petiolate, distal cauline sessile to nearly sessile;
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on page 137. Mentioned on page 135. Annuals [perennials or subshrubs], 60–200 cm. Stems sprawling to erect, branched from bases or ± throughout. Leaves mostly
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Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119. Subshrubs or shrubs [trees], to 100 (–200) [–500+] cm. Stems erect, branched from bases or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; alternate;
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yellowish to olive green; secondary branching whorled, branches 5–9 (–30) cm, third internode 6–23 × 1–2 mm, dominant shoot 1–3 mm diam. at base. Staminate
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petiole to 1.2 m (at base of plant); blade deeply 5–9 (–11) -lobed, 5–50 × 7–65 cm, mostly somewhat wider than long, lobe apices acute or, especially on distal
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mm from base to crest; areoles 2–4 mm diam., hairs white. Flowers 2.5–4.5 cm diam.; scales on flower tube green with red tips; tepals with acute apices;
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subglabrate). Basal leaves: petiole 0.5–3 (–6) cm, (ciliate); blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, (1.5–) 2.1–3.5 (–6) cm × (5–) 8–20 (–25) mm, margins entire
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trigonous, easily compressed, 30–75 cm × 1–5 mm, basally soft, glabrous. Leaves 1–3, usually withered at anthesis, V-shaped, 5–35 cm × 2–8 mm. Inflorescences: spikes
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3–12 (–25) cm, bases acute, margins entire or remotely dentate, apices acute. Heads 2–10+ in open or crowded corymbiform arrays; (peduncles 1–5 cm). Involucres
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longer than 2 cm; stamens 6 Eichhornia 3 Petiolate leaf blade membranous or absent; perianth limb lobes linear to oblanceolate, shorter than 2 cm; stamens 3
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Spathe (1.8–) 2–4 cm. Flowers erect; perianth white, sometimes pinkish abaxially, subrotate, 3–4.5 cm; perianth-tube green, 0.1–0.4 cm, increasing in diam
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Plants (50–) 90–150 cm. Leaves: petiole 3.5–4.5 (–8) cm, glandular-pubescent; leaflet blade oblanceolate to rhombic, 2.5–4.5 × 1.2–2.5 cm, margins serrulate-denticulate
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15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. Inflorescences: spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis
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rhizomatous, not stoloniferous; caudex stout. Flowering-stems erect, leafy, 150–200 cm, stipitate-glandular with unicellular and multicellular hairs. Leaves basal
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Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 2–40 cm × 0.5–1.5 (–2) mm. Leaves: apex of distal leaf-sheath obtuse to acute, tooth
8 KB (791 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 123. Mentioned on page 119, 125. Plants (30–) 50–200 cm; caudices stout, woody. Stems 1 (–5), erect, glabrous proximally to strigillose
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Flowers fragrant, 16-22 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, abaxially glandular; tepals creamy white, the outermost greenish; stamens 100-200, 8-14 mm; filaments
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rhizomatous. Culms basally cormlike, trigonous, 5–40 cm × 0.5–1.3 mm, glabrous. Leaves V-shaped, 5–25 cm × 1–3 mm, slightly minutely scabridulous abaxially
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Stems usually not branching, straight to flexuous, often scapelike, 15–25 cm. Leaves: basal ± erect, to 3 dm × 3–7 mm; blade with adaxial surface densely
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margins entire, apex acute; petiole 2–8 cm, pubescent; blade unlobed, orbiculate, reniform, or ovate, 2–12 × 1.5–9 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate
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Association Stems 70-200 cm; base reddish, nearly glabrous. Leaves cauline, 7-24, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 1-15 cm. Leaf-blade pentagonal
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globose tubers 10–200 mm diam.; periderm 0–0.5 mm. Stems 5–40 cm. Leaves: basal leaves petiolate 6–20 cm, blade linear, 3–14 × 0.5–1.3 cm; cauline leaves
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of North America Association Annuals, 70–200 cm. Leaves: petioles 0–3.3 cm; blades deltate, 7–28 × 5.5–21.5 cm, abaxial faces sparsely hirsute (hairs larger
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petioles 4–12 cm; blades (1-) or 3-nerved, elliptic to lanceolate, 8–30 × 1–3 cm, bases attenuate, margins entire (usually ciliate). Peduncles 20–50+ cm. Phyllaries
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axil, rounded, 200–750 µm, primordia present, leafy, arising from near base or mid bulbil, and by rhizoidal tubers, brown, spheric, 100–200 µm, cells smooth
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sheath, 0–200 × 0.2–1 mm, smooth or margins distally spinulose. Inflorescences capitate or of 1 spikelet or rarely with 1 or 2 branches to 3 cm; proximal
9 KB (783 words) - 02:14, 30 July 2020
on page 436. Mentioned on page 9, 89, 437, 438. Annuals [perennials], 2–200 cm (taprooted [rhizomatous]). Stems erect to decumbent-ascending or prostrate
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branches erect, short, leafy. Leaves: stipules 3–5-fid; petiole 0.3–1 cm; blade 2–11 cm, leaflets 4–7 per side, bright shining green, oblong or elliptic, 4–17
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(5–) 10–45 cm × 1–2 (–3) mm, glabrous. Leaves 1–3; ligules 0.3 mm; blades distichous, thickly crescentiform in cross-section, 2–12 (–18) cm × 1.5–4 mm
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 61. Perennials, to 115+ cm; taprooted. Leaves 1.6–14 × 1–6.5 cm, 2-pinnatifid to lyrate-pinnate, lobes 3–10, narrowly linear-lanceolate
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anthesis, rarely all green, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 6–18 × 2.5–6.5 cm, not glossy, apex acuminate; petiole ca. 1/5 bract length. Flower erect, fragrance
9 KB (723 words) - 05:33, 30 July 2020
becoming obscure with age, ovatelanceolate to broadly ovate, 6.3–7.6 × 3.3–5 cm, larger bracts abaxially pilose-pubescent, margins entire, apex acute. Flower
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sometimes 2-fid or dentate, (2–) 5–8 mm, densely stellate-hairy; petioles 1–6 cm, reduced on distal leaves, usually shorter than blade; blades of proximal
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annual, or biennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 5-190 cm. Sheaths closed to near the top, usually pubescent; auricles sometimes present;
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and pupil of Linnaeus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 55. Herbs, perennial, from fascicles of fusiform tubers
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Illustrator: Bee F. Gunn Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 15–60 cm. Involucres 18–25 mm. Ligules surpassing phyllaries by 15–20 mm. Cypselae
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–100 (–200) cm. Primary-stems 0.3–1 (–2) mm diam. Leaf-blades narrowly to broadly lanceolate
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subspeciesArctostaphylos hookeri subsp. hearstiorum (Hoover & Roof) P. V. Wells Madroño 19: 200. 1968 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Hearst’s
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Flora of North America Association Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–100+ cm. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–50 (–100+)
4 KB (423 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 10–50 cm, branches spreading or ascending. Leaves: blade ovate, 10–50 × 5–20 mm, apex
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants forming rounded tussocks, 3–8 cm; branches procumbent or decumbent to erect, not adventitiously rooted, proximal
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mound-forming, 0.5–1.5 m. Leaves: petiole 4–8 mm; blade ± elliptic, 2–3 × 1–1.5 cm. Phenology: Flowering winter–early spring. Habitat: Maritime chaparral and
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 349. Mentioned on page 218, 360. Shrubs, 100–200 cm; probably taprooted. Stems straggly (± fleshy), branched, tomentose to glabrate
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 507. Mentioned on page 461. Perennials, 20–60 [–200] cm (plants ± viscid). Stems erect, simple or branched from bases or ± throughout
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scabrous, glandular-hairy. Inflorescences: immature inflorescence axis 1–1.5 cm, rachis glandular-hairy; branches ± stout; bracts glandular-hairy. 2n = 52
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sessile or nearly so; blade shiny green, ovate-deltate, 1–2-pinnate, to 6 cm, fleshy. Pinnae to 6 pairs, ascending, mostly overlapping, distance between
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confine (Fernald) B. Boivin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems erect, to 100 cm, from rhizomes. Leaves: cauline leaves 3-4, those proximal to inflorescence
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Association Leaf-blades 20–70+ × 8–25 (–45+) mm, ± coriaceous. Peduncles 1–3 cm. Involucres 3–5 × 9–12 mm. Ray corolla laminae 5–15+ mm. Disc corollas 3–4
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20. Treatment on page 628. Mentioned on page 543. Perennials, mostly 30–100 cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted). Stems usually 1, erect (seldom branched, fistulose)
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21. Treatment on page 480. Mentioned on page 461, 462. Shrubs, (100–) 200–300 cm (sometimes subscandent, climbing and sprawling over other plants). Stems
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America Association Leaves: petiole 3-6 mm. Leaf-blade 3-8 × (2-) 2.5 (-4) cm. Flowers: if bisexual, ovary stalked, 1-locular, ovoid, tubercular; styles
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4–25 (–34) cm × 2–13+ mm (cauline sessile, ascending, linear, sharply differentiated from basal). Heads 1–34, 20–30 mm diam. Peduncles 5–50 cm. Phyllaries
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silky-pubescent; beak 3-3.5 cm, plumose. Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer. Habitat: Open woods among limestone boulders Elevation: 200-300 m Generated Map
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beak 2-3.5 cm, appressed-puberulent. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Low woods, bottomlands, swamps Elevation: 0-200 m Generated
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Stems glabrous to densely arachnoid-tomentose. Leaves: basal blades 30–200 cm, margins deeply 1–2-pinnately lobed or divided to nearly compound, lobes
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appressed-puberulent; beak 1.5-2.5 cm, appressed-puberulent. Phenology: Flowering spring–fall. Habitat: Openings in wet bottomland woods Elevation: 200 m Generated Map Legacy
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Perennials, 50–200 cm (rhizomatous). Stems erect, scabro-hispid. Leaves mostly basal; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate; petioles 0–1 cm; blades
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Herbs, annual, with taproot. Stems prostrate, occasionally mat-forming, 10–43 cm, glabrous. Leaves opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate
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(–12) dm, hairs ± spreading. Basal leaves planar, (5–) 8–40 (–50) × 1.5–11 cm; stipules entire; leaflets 3–9 per side, separate to slightly overlapping
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novae-zelandiae, Acaena pallida, Acaena pinnatifida Mutis ex Linnaeus Mant. Pl., 145, 200. 1771. Bryony Macmillan Etymology: Greek akaina, thorn, alluding to barbed
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on page 135, 136, 148, 170, 173, 175. Perennials or shrubs [annuals], 50–200 cm. Stems erect or ascending, unbranched or branched. Leaves mostly cauline;
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320, 344, 346, 347. Annuals, biennials, or short-lived perennials, 30–70 cm; fibrous-rooted, caudices simple, sometimes lignescent, sometimes producing
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Herbs, annual, with taproot. Stems erect, unbranched or branched, 30–70 (–100) cm, sparsely hispid, occasionally densely so at distal nodes. Leaves opposite;
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page 543. Mentioned on page 52, 486, 544. Annuals or perennials, 2–25 [–50+] cm (sometimes aromatic). Stems usually 1, erect or prostrate to decumbent or
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[or decumbent]. Leaves in a basal rosette, sometimes also cauline, (4–) 8–36 cm; blade margins coarsely pinnatifid or lobed to dentate or subentire. Inflorescences
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page 385. Mentioned on page 384. Annuals, rarely biennials; taproots 2–10+ cm. Stems 1–3, usually branched in distal 1/2, sometimes throughout, moderately
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Stems erect, usually profusely branched in distal 1/2, not wiry, 10–100 (–200) cm. Leaves: ocrea 6–12 (–15) mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part silvery
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Inflorescences erect, (5–) 7–12 (–15) -flowered; bracts leaflike. Pedicels 1–2 cm, hairy, glandular. Flowers: calyx lobes light purple, ovate, 3–5 mm, margins
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 208. Mentioned on page 200. Herbs, annual or biennial, multistemmed from base, glabrous, pedicels and
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Treatment on page 330. Mentioned on page 324. Perennials or subshrubs, 22–70 cm (often in dense clumps, stems upright to pendent or spreading); glabrous or
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usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 10-250 cm, usually erect, rarely prostrate, glabrous. Sheaths open, usually glabrous
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oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
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flexible throughout; blades 25-43 cm long, 4.5-15 mm wide. Panicles 16-42 cm long, 12-20 cm wide, open; branches (7) 10-18 cm, lax, widely divergent to drooping
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stems 5–30 (–40) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, rarely stems 20–80 cm, well branched. > 26 26 Leaf blades 1.5–10 cm; stems 20–80 cm, well branched
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the upper part, brownish to blackish brown proximally. Stems (1–) 2–5 (–9) cm, creeping, ascending to suberect, pinnately or sometimes irregularly branched
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curtisii, Solidago curtisii var. flaccidifolia Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 200. 1842. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Curtis’ goldenrod Endemic
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 415. Mentioned on page 413, 414, 423. Plants 5–50 cm. Stems 1–4, erect or ascending to decumbent, reddish, leafy, villous. Leaves:
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 448. Mentioned on page 447. Annuals, 16–50+ cm. Caudices none. Stems 1–10, erect or ± decumbent, leafy, unbranched or branched
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North America Association Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–110 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 55. Mentioned on page 53. Plants 10–200 cm. Stems erect to spreading, green when young, fastigiately branched, glabrous
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perennial; cespitose, sometimes with extensive creeping stolons. Culms 15-200 cm. Leaves usually not aromatic; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliate; blades
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on page 531. Mentioned on page 469, 475, 477, 534, 537. Perennials 40–100 cm, cespitose; short-rhizomatous. Stems 1–10+, ascending to erect, glabrous or
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of North America Association Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 20–50 cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, basal mostly 3-lobed, cauline (2–3)
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40–100 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. Leaves glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous; basal and proximal cauline 50–100 (–200) × 15–28
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Mentioned on page 473, 475, 500, 510, 521, 537. Perennials (15–) 20–70 (–120) cm, cespitose; stoutly short-rhizomatous, with thick, woody caudices or a few
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals 10–40 (–60) cm. Stems erect to ascending, pubescent and pilose. Leaves 15–50 mm; blade: proximal
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10–120 (–200+) cm. Stem-bases soft, herbaceous, hollow. Leaves: blades of mid cauline spatulate or oblong to obovate or lanceolate, 6–30 × 1–15 cm, bases
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axillary, flowers solitary; peduncle erect, 10 (–12) cm; bracts absent. Flowers showy, tubular, 5–13 cm diam.; calyx lobes 5, green, unequal, wider at base
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petiole 4–8 mm; blade bright green, lustrous, oblongelliptic, 2.5–4.5 × 1–3 cm, base rounded, margins entire, ± cupped, surfaces smooth, glabrous. Inflorescences
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, mostly 40–150 cm. Stems 1–2+ (ridged), erect, branched distally (glabrous or sparsely hairy)
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viscid, rank smelling, 20–130 cm; stems ± pilose and stipitate-glandular. Leaf-blades linear to lance-linear, 1–3 (–7) cm × 1–3 (–10) mm, margins entire
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base of blade, 4-10 cm wide, segment margins cleft and toothed. Inflorescences open racemes or panicles. Flowers commonly blue, 2.5-5 cm from tips of pendent
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2 mm; blade light green, dull, orbiculate to orbiculate-ovate, 2.5–4 × 2–3 cm, base auriculate-clasping, margins entire, plane, surfaces papillate, ± scabrous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 603. Annuals, (50–) 100–200 cm (glabrous or unevenly coarse-tomentose, sometimes ± succulent). Taproots
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals or biennials, 10–140 (–200) cm. Stem-bases soft to hard, herbaceous, often hollow. Leaves: blades of mid
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petiole 5–10 mm; blade glaucous, dull, orbiculate to ovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm, base rounded, truncate, or ± lobed, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth
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Stems 10–40(–50) cm; basal leaves spatulate, 40–120 mm; dunes and headlands, California, Oregon Solidago spathulata 2 Stems 65–110 cm; basal leaves oblanceolate
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 466. Mentioned on page 463, 472. Perennials, 50–200 cm. Stems (from short caudices) single, branched distally, puberulent throughout
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20. Treatment on page 163. Mentioned on page 162, 164, 165. Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody. Stems 1–10+, erect, stout, hairy. Leaves: basal
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page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular
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ovate, 1.5–3 cm, coriaceous, base cordate, apex acute or subacuminate, surfaces glabrate. Inflorescences solitary flowers. Pedicels 2–6.5 cm, with 3 prominent
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12.5 cm; proximal pinnae ± alternate. Fertile leaves lanceolate to ovate to deltate or cordate, 2–117 × 2–48 cm. Petiole of fertile leaf 1–46 cm. Blade
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in outline, bases distinct; terminal leaflet petiolulate, 2.5-7 cm (2.5 cm in flower, 7 cm or less in fruit), margins pinnatifid throughout, apex narrowly
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on page 133. Mentioned on page 65, 67. Perennials [shrubs], 10–60+ [–700] cm (rootstocks bearing tubers). Stems erect, branched ± throughout. Leaves cauline;
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often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous, sometimes becoming woody
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crisped, rarely revolute. Inflorescences 50–200 × 20–100 cm; bracts triangular, 1–3 mm. Peduncles 0.1–0.4 cm, tomentose to floccose. Involucres turbinate
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20. Treatment on page 132. Mentioned on page 128, 129, 130. Plants 75–150 cm; caudices branching. Stems 1, erect, glabrous proximal to (and usually into
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 532. Mentioned on page 476. Perennials 50–150 (–200) cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–5, ascending to erect, sparsely hispid
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page 200. Illustrator: Bee F. Gunn Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems tomentulose, glabrescent. Leaves: basal with petioles 3–12 cm, narrowly
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120. Leaves: petiole 3–12 cm; blade deeply lobed, 1–5 cm, ultimate margins crenate-dentate. Inflorescences 5–8-flowered, 10–30 cm, stipitate-glandular; bracts
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Rhizomes erect or ascending, deeply buried, internodes 0.2-1.5 cm. Leaves: petiole 5-20 cm, sparsely crisped-hirsute. Leaf-blade almost always variegate
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petiole 0.5–2.2 cm; blade green to bluish green or, occasionally, grayish green, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate or falcate, 7–18.5 × 1–3 cm, surfaces dull
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petiole 1–2.2 cm; blade grayish green or yellow-green, lighter abaxially, lanceolate to elliptic, often falcate, 9.5–16 × 2–5 cm. Peduncles 1–1.5 cm, 3–4 mm
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(juvenile alternate, petiolate); petiole 0.3–2 cm; blade green, lanceolate, 6–20 × 1.5–2.5 cm. Peduncles 0.8–1.2 cm. Inflorescences ca. 7-flowered, umbels. Flowers:
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adaxially sulcate leaf blades). > 9 4 Plants low, usually less than 20 cm (F. squarrosa 30 cm or more), often densely tufted, slender, weedy annuals; leaf blades
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7–1 × 0.5–0.7 mm; petiole 2–7 cm, glands 2, discoid, adaxial; blade ovate to broadly elliptic or rhomboid, 3.5–10 × 3–9.5 cm, base broadly cuneate to nearly
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erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–) 15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla
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Volume 3. Aerial shoots 5-30 (-40) cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes horizontal. Basal leaves 0-1, ternate; petiole 5-8 cm; terminal leaflet sessile to petiolulate
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Stems: long-shoots (predominant in moist or shaded conditions) (4–) 10–200 cm, 1st year strongly angled or pleated, green to reddish, glabrate to off-white
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shoots not keeled and tubular, of extravaginal shoots scalelike. Culms 1-150 cm, hollow, usually unbranched above the base. Sheaths from almost completely
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proximally, trigonous distally, (0.5–) 3–6 (–12) cm × (0.2–) 0.4–0.8 mm, glabrous. Leaves V-shaped, (1–) 3–5 (–10) cm × (0.5–) 1–2 mm. Inflorescences: spikes loosely
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on page 619. Mentioned on page 543, 611, 620. Perennials, [20–] 60–120 [–200] cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted; plants caulescent [subscapiform], glabrous or
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 28. Mentioned on page 9, 25. Annuals, 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems erect, strictly, if at all, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite
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Mentioned on page 214, 217, 218. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 10–80 (–200+) cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous or hairy
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Plants 0.3–0.8 (–1) × 0.2–0.8 dm. Leaf-blades (1–) 1.5–4 (–6) × 0.2–0.4 (–0.7) cm. Peduncles 0.5–1 mm. Flowers: perianth 1.2–1.8 (–2) mm; filaments 0.6–1 mm;
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Basal and lower cauline leaf-blades ovate to cordate, 3-foliolate, 2-6 × 2-6 cm, leaflets again parted, leaflet base truncate to acute, margins crenate-dentate
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color unknown, simple to profusely branched from near base, not wiry, 2–5 cm, glabrous. Leaves persistence and crowded at brance tips, not articulated
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 209. Mentioned on page 200, 201, 202, 208. Herbs, annual, biennial, or weakly perennial, tufted or not
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angustatus, Erigeron reductus var. reductus (Cronquist) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 72: 200. 1992. Guy L. Nesom Common names: California rayless fleabane Endemic Basionym:
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dm, crisp-pubescent or glabrate. Stems freely branched. Leaves 4–15 × 2–5 cm; blade mostly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, rounded to obliquely subcordate
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 35. Mentioned on page 11. Annuals, 10–60 cm (gland-dotted; taprooted). Stems erect to decumbent, much branched, sometimes
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems simple or branched, to 35 cm; branches 1–5 pairs, from distal cauline nodes; cauline internode lengths
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appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 201. Mentioned on page 11, 67, 200. Perennials, 2–5+ dm; perhaps rhizomatous. Leaves basal and cauline; proximal
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Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 50–200 cm. Stems (from short caudices) multiple, branched distally, puberulent throughout
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Treatment on page 127. Mentioned on page 65, 67. Subshrubs or shrubs, 10–100 [–200+] cm. Stems erect, branched ± throughout. Leaves cauline; opposite (proximal)
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Treatment on page 29. Mentioned on page 9, 25. Subshrubs or shrubs, 50–200 cm. Stems erect, virgately branched. Leaves cauline; alternate; petiolate or
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cespitose or rhizomatous, rarely both cespitose and rhizomatous. Culms (8) 20-200 cm, glabrous or pubescent; nodes glabrous or retrorsely glabrous or puberulent;
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divided (appearing 5-foliolate), petiolules 1–3 (–5) mm, terminal leaflet 3–7 cm, blade lanceolate to narrowly or broadly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate
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burr broomweed Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 198, 199. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora
6 KB (430 words) - 11:22, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 200. Herbs, perennial, tufted, glabrous. Stems erect or decumbent, branched from
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems erect to ± reclining, slender, 50-200 cm, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; basal and proximal cauline petiolate
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Mentioned on page 603, 604, 607. Stems pinkish, pale-red, or brown-purple, 10–32 cm; sheathing bracts 3–5. Inflorescences: floral bracts ovate-oblong to lanceolate
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page 543. Mentioned on page 53, 68, 487. Shrubs [subshrubs], [5–] 15–35 [–50] cm (usually aromatic). Stems 1–10+, usually much branched, ± tomentose (hairs
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 635. Mentioned on page 541. Perennials, 5–30 (–50) cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted, creeping; plants forming extensive colonies). Stems
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obscure). Inflorescences axillary or terminal, umbellike or ± racemelike, 1–3 cm. Flowers: sepals, petals, and nectary white. Capsules 3–4.5 mm wide, lobed;
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Mentioned on page 6, 41. Annuals [perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs], [3–] 20–200 cm. Stems erect [creeping], branched. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite (distal
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Lower Taxa Volutaria muricata Cassini Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1816: 200. 1816. David J. Keil Etymology: Latin voluta, twisted, spiral, and - aria
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–25 cm. Leaves: basal 2–10, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, 15–80 x 3–10 mm, 1-pinnatifid
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades 5–10 cm, base cordate, surfaces scabrous to hispid. Inflorescences: pistillate flowers
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6–10 mm; stipule present; petiole reduced to sheathing bases. Pedicels 2.5–8 cm, glabrate to puberulent proximally, puberulent to downy distally. Flowers
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blade ± gray-green, dull, oblong-linear to deltate, 1–2-pinnate, to 6 × 5 cm, firm. Pinnae to 6 pairs, ascending, usually approximate or overlapping except
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427. Mentioned on page 59, 387. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–90+ cm; taprooted (rhizomatous, not stoloniferous). Stems usually 1, erect (rarely
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Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials, mostly 30–200 cm. Stems prostrate, branched ± throughout (rooting at nodes, usually ± succulent)
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 23. Mentioned on page 8, 9. Annuals, 20–200 cm. Stems erect. Leaves cauline; alternate; petiolate; blades (3-nerved) deltate
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5 (–10) dm, finely pubescent. Stems sparingly branched. Leaves 5–15 × 2–5 cm; blade ovate to oblanceolate, rounded basally, adaxial surface glabrate or
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narrowly ovate, angulate to shallowly lobate with ± acute sinuses, usually 3–9 cm, apex acute. Inflorescences subsessile or pedicels to 7 mm; involucel 5–6
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(60-) 100-200 (-300) cm; base usually green, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves cauline, 15-20, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 1-14 cm. Leaf-blade
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Utah State University Plants perennial; cespitose, stoloniferous. Culms 100-200 cm, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes; internodes glabrous; nodes 4-10
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Treatment on page 152. Mentioned on page 142, 150, 151, 154, 155. Annuals, 40–200 cm. Stems erect, usually densely canescent, hispid, or strigillose, rarely
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rhizomes. Culms trigonous, 30–100 cm × 2–4 mm, basally cormlike, glabrous. Leaves flat to broadly V-shaped, 20–70 cm × 4–6 mm, glabrous except for marginal
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2–10 cm; blades 1-nerved or 3-nerved, linear to lanceolate, 6–12 × 0.7–1.5 cm, bases attenuate, margins entire (usually ciliate). Peduncles 8–25+ cm. Phyllaries
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 100–200 cm; creeping roots. Stems 1, erect, (dark maroon), glabrous; branches several
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scattered; peduncles of proximal pistillate spikes drooping, to 9.1 cm; bracts dark green, 10–28 cm × 1.8–5.9 mm, well developed, blade of distal lateral spike
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semiaquatic, forming extensive colonies through spreading rhizomes. Culms 50-200 cm, mostly erect and sterile, glabrous, often rooting from the lower nodes
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perennial, cespitose. Culms trigonous, (4–) 14–45 cm × 1–2 mm, glabrous. Leaves yellow-green, flat, 18–44 cm × 3–4.5 mm. Inflorescences: spikes densely to
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Association Perennials, to 125+ cm; fibrous-rooted (arising from stout rhizomes or woody caudices). Leaves 5–40 × 3–15+ cm, pinnatifid to pinnate, lobes
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FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 483. Plants (10–) 15–22 (–35) cm. Inflorescences 5–8 cm. Calyces radially symmetric, (7–) 10–15 (–18) mm, lobes subulate-attenuate
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307. Bulbs sometimes clustered, ovoid, 1.5–3 cm diam. Leaves 4–7, 2–6 dm × 5–12 mm. Inflorescences 15–40 cm; sterile bracts 0, bracts subtending flowers
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Illustrator: Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, 50–200 cm. Stems densely puberulent to pilose (often minutely glanddotted). Leaves
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climbing-scandent, twining to some extent, extending into crowns of trees. Stems to 10 cm diam., bark smooth, glabrous. Leaves glabrate (petioles sometimes sparsely
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blade ovate to elliptic, 6–15 × 2–7 cm, apex acute to long acuminate, sparsely pubescent. Inflorescences: panicles 7–30 cm; bracts and bracteoles of staminate
4 KB (351 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
1 × 0.5–2 cm, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, pedunculate; heads white, globose, 1.4–1.7 cm diam.; bracts
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants very small. Stems 0.1–0.3 cm. Leaves secund; margins serrulate to irregularly serrate at shoulders. Specialized
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255, 275, 279. Herbs, annual, with taproot. Stems erect to ascending, 15–50 cm, glabrous. Leaves opposite; stipules connate, deltate, usually entire, sometimes
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 200. Plants perennial; cespitose. Culms 10-60 cm, erect to somewhat decumbent, usually branched. Sheaths
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 19. Mentioned on page 9. Annuals (coarse), 10–200+ cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate (proximal 2–6 sometimes
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Association Shrubs, openly branched. Stems (6–) 10–25 (–30) dm, internodes 5–6.5 cm; prickles (distal stems and fertile branches) usually absent, infrastipular
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on page 151. Mentioned on page 146, 150, 153, 156, 157. Plants 30–150 (–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. Stems 1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 134. Mentioned on page 130. Plants 50–150 cm; caudices short, rhizomes creeping, elongate, thin to thick. Stems 1–3+, erect
8 KB (763 words) - 21:37, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 29. Mentioned on page 24, 25. Shrubs, 15–450 cm (prostrate and mat-forming to erect and rounded, much branched). Stems spreading
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547. Mentioned on page 14, 487. Perennials [annuals, biennials], [5–] 30–90 cm (rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous; not notably aromatic). Stems 1–5+, ascending
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page 495. Mentioned on page 14, 487. Annuals [perennials, subshrubs], 10–60+ cm (usually aromatic). Stems usually 1, usually erect [prostrate], branched [immediately
7 KB (543 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
24. Treatment on page 33. Plants annual or perennial; synoecious. Culms 6-200 cm, sometimes woody, erect to decumbent, sometimes branched above the base
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obscurely 4-angled or 5-angled or ridged, terete or slightly compressed, 6–25 cm × 0.15–0.3 mm, soft to firm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent, red proximally
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sometimes dark blackish green to black throughout. Stems (2–) 4–10 (–13) cm long, tough. Leaves oblong or ovatelanceolate to broadly ovate, (2.1–) 3–4
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green or yellowish green, often becoming reddish at maturity, 25–150 (–200) cm, ± glabrous or slightly pubescent. Stems erect, branched. Leaves sessile
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Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 1.4–25 cm. Leaves: basal sheaths pale to medium brown; blades dull green to yellowish
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stipitate-glandular; blade oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–3 cm, margins plane or slightly revolute, apex obtuse to acute, apiculate, abaxial
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ascending or spreading, 4-angled or sometimes terete, sometimes sulcate, 1–7 cm × 0.2–0.3 mm, soft to firm. Leaves: sheaths stramineous, distal sheaths often
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems erect, stout, 40-150 (-200) cm. Leaves chiefly cauline; basal and proximal cauline petiolate, distal cauline
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strigose. Heads [(1–) 10–200+] in racemiform to diffuse-paniculiform arrays (1–10+ per branch, usually not crowded). Peduncles 0.2–4 cm, densely hairy, bracts
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Heads (1–200+) in paniculiform arrays, branches fastigiate or arrays often pyramidal, racemiform, secund, crowded. Peduncles 0.5–1 (–2) cm or subsessile
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rhizomes. Stems erect, terete, usually unbranched, rarely branched distally, 20–200 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose, often exfoliating proximally
14 KB (1,235 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
Copyright: Plants perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous, rhizomes long. Culms 50-200 cm, strongly compressed, decumbent-erect, glaucous; nodes glabrous. Sheaths
7 KB (975 words) - 04:09, 30 July 2020
petiole 0.3–4.5 cm, usually shorter than leaves; blade distinctly 3-lobed, narrowly ovate to elongate, (1.4–) 2.7–6.2 × (0.5–) 1.2–2.5 cm, base cuneate,
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(individual leaflets scarcely distinguishable), 3–10 cm; sheathing base densely strigose abaxially; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaflets 60–80 per side, 0.6–1.5 mm, lobes
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Volume 24. Treatment on page 93. Plants cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms 65-200 cm, glabrous, forming corms, corms sessile on the rhizomes; internodes smooth
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 50–220 cm. Stems usually erect, sometimes sprawling or scandent, usually scabro-hispid
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rosulate, 5–30 cm. Stems contracted or elongate to 5 cm, chaffy. Leaves: principal leaves mostly spreading-recurved, narrowly linear, 2–6 cm, base pale, apex
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glanddotted; basal petiolate, 10–35 × 2–11 cm; cauline petiolate (proximal) to nearly sessile (distal), 4–30 × 1.5–9 cm. Heads mostly borne singly. Phyllaries
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(–1.2) m, with caudex or usually compact rootstocks or rhizomes to 10 (–30) cm × 4 mm. Stems erect, sometimes supported by other vegetation, sometimes proximally
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early rosulate; petiole (0.2–) 1–3.5 (–6) cm; blade obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate, (0.8–) 2–5 (–9) cm × (3–) 10–30 mm, base attenuate. Cauline leaves:
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erect, yellow, 4–5 cm; anthers yellow, 22–25 mm; ovary 4–5 cm, neck absent. Capsules short-pedicellate, ellipsoid to oblong, 3.5–5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds
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oblanceolate, usually more than 25cm, gradually tapered from broadest part to base; stamens 100–200, 8–14mm; follicetums 5.5–10 × 2.5–5cm. Magnolia fraseri 4 Leaf
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primocanes typically reach to 30 cm above the ground, vigorous plants can have new primocanes standing erect to 70 cm that later fall to the ground or
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on page 205. Annuals, 50–100 (–200) cm. Stems sparsely branched distally; glabrous or glabrate. Leaves: petiole 1.5–4.5 cm; leaflets 5, (proximal ones sometimes
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subulate, 3–6 cm. Scape 6–8 m. Inflorescences: lateral branches 15–20. Flowers 7.5–9 cm; perianth-tube 15–20 mm; ovary 4–4.5 cm. Capsules 3.5–4 cm. Seeds 7–8
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Plants annual or perennial; tufted or cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 10-200 cm, herbaceous, not branching at the upper nodes; basal branching usually intravaginal;
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362. Pitchers (6–) 12–30 (–50) cm, gradually tapering from base to orifice, glabrous or short-hairy; orifice 0.5–2.5 cm wide; hood narrowly ovate, ± flat
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5–20 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. Leaves basal, 3, prostrate to ascending; stipules linearlanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, usually
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to 12 mm. Leaves deciduous to evergreen, ± evenly disposed; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; tendrils numerous; blade variable, bright green, drying to pale to brownish
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Association Stems repeatedly forked, 10–90 cm. Leaves: petiole 1–8 cm; blade subtriangular, rarely ovate, 3–13 × 1–11 cm, base broadly obtuse, truncate-cordate
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100-200 (-250) cm; base sometimes reddish, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves cauline, 12-22, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 5-13 cm. Leaf-blade
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Association Plants 30–200 cm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, sometimes scabridulous. Leaves: petioles 0 or to 1 cm; blades 6–11 cm, ultimate lobes to 1
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 44. Plants 50–150 cm (short to long-rhizomatous). Stems usually 1, ascending to erect, striate
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 356. Mentioned on page 354, 357. Plants 50–200+ cm; basal offshoots, rhizomes, and stolons absent. Stems erect. Leaf-blades
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Treatment on page 680. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose. Culms 20-200 cm, simple or branched. Leaves sometimes aromatic and smelling of lemon oil
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absent or present, recurved, short, to 1.5 cm. Leaves: petiole length 15–30% blade; blade elliptic, 2–3 cm, coriaceous, shiny, lobes 0, margins crenate
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Rubeae genusRubus speciesRubus pascuus L. H. Bailey Gentes Herb. 5: 440, fig. 200. 1943. Lawrence A. Alice, Douglas H. Goldman, James A. Macklin, Gerry Moore
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cespitose; rhizome internodes 1.8–2.5 mm thick. Culms yellowbrown at base, 25–85 cm. Leaves: sheaths glabrous; blades green, widest blades 2.6–4 mm wide, smooth
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all green, mottling becoming obscure with age, broadly ovate, 10–22 × 8.7–15 cm, not glossy, often narrowed to falsely petiolate, very short, and narrowly
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oblate to spheric (to short cylindric), usually 10–20 (–45) × 10–20 (–35) cm; ribs 13–21 [–34], shallowly notched immediately above each areole. Spines
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2–10 cm diam., roots white, fibrous. Stems simple beneath cyme or often with 1–several branches from crowded rosette nodes; hypocotyl 0.2–3 cm × 0.5–2
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green to yellowish green, becoming yellowish-brown with age, dull. Stems 0.7–2 cm, with a few reddish rhizoids at the base. Leaves erect-spreading, somewhat
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Association Herbs acaulescent; caudex branched. Flowering-stems (7–) 20–95 cm, densely long-stipitate-glandular. Leaves: petiole densely or sparsely long
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erect, outer ones usually decumbent at base, 1–1.5 dm. Basal leaves: blade 2–5 cm × 5–15 mm, margins lyrately lobed, (lobes) entire or dentate, (lateral lobes
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Inflorescences axillary, usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–) 5–15 cm. Flowers: sepals, petals, and nectary white to blue. Capsules 3–5 mm wide
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mm; petiole shorter than blade; blade slightly discolorous, ovate, 2.5–10 cm, slightly longer than wide, base truncate to cordate, margins obscurely crenate
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