generally puberulent, scale margins erose. Leaves of short-shoots 2–5cm × 0.65–0.80mm, 0.4–0.6mm thick, keeled abaxially, with shallow convex midrib adaxially
6 KB (518 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
yellow-tomentose for 2–3 years. Buds tomentose, scale margins ciliate. Leaves of short-shoots 2–3.5cm × 0.6–0.8mm, 0.4–0.6mm thick, keeled abaxially, 2-angled adaxially;
5 KB (515 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
(1–) 1.5–2.5 (–3) × 1–2.5cm; scales ovate, 8–15 × 6–10mm, apex round to pointed. 2n =24. Habitat: Coastal to midmontane forests Elevation: 0–1500m Generated
5 KB (533 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
pit borders often fimbrillate to lacerate). Ray-florets (rarely 0) usually in 1 (–2+) series, usually pistillate, rarely neuter or styliferous and sterile;
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
major veins; lodicules (0) 2-3, inconspicuous, usually without veins, bases swelling at anthesis; stamens usually 3, sometimes 1 (2) or 6+, filaments capillary
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
cracking below leafy portion. Buds ovoid to cylindric, redbrown, 0.5–0.7 (–1) cm, resinous. Leaves 2 (–3) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persistent 3–5 years
7 KB (506 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
Synonyms: Pinus australis F. Michaux Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 47m; trunk to 1.2m diam., straight; crown rounded. Bark orangebrown, with coarse
7 KB (523 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
Apinus flexilis (E.James) Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 26m; trunk to 2m diam., straight to contorted; crown conic, becoming rounded.
7 KB (523 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
surface with 2–4 glaucous bands, each band with (4–) 6–7 stomatal rows; adaxial surface bluish green, with 0–2 glaucous bands, each band with 0–7 stomatal
8 KB (588 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
this lineage (J. D. Ambrose 1975, 1980; M. Takahashi and S. Kawano 1989; R. W. Cruden 1991; P. Goldblatt 1995; M. N. Tamura 1995, 1998b; W. B. Zomlefer
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
often fimbrillate; paleate in Eastwoodia and Rigiopappus). Ray-florets 0 or in 1 (–2+) series, usually pistillate, rarely neuter or styliferous and sterile;
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
subtending spikelets scalelike, very rarely leaflike. Spikelets 1-flowered; scales 0–1. Flowers unisexual; staminate flowers without scales; pistillate flowers
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
longaeva (D.K.Bailey) Little Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 16m; trunk to 2m diam., strongly tapering; crown rounded, flattened (sheared)
8 KB (514 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
or ligulate; stamens (1 or) 2–4 or 5, adnate to corolla or free, didynamous or equal, staminodes 0 or 1 (–3); pistil 1, 2-carpellate (1 in Hippuris), ovary
26 KB (1,000 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
glomerules. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries usually persistent (readily falling), usually in 2–8+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct,
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
sometimes borne singly. Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets in 1 (–2+) series. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 1–2 series, usually distinct, equal
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
turf-forming or loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets in 1–3+ series. Phyllaries usually persistent, usually in 3–5+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series,
30 KB (805 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
glands and a few scattered hairs; tepals connate only basally or in proximal 1/2, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, sometimes included; filaments
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
Ray-florets 0 (corollas of peripheral florets in radiant heads often notably enlarged, usually 5-lobed, sometimes zygomorphic and raylike or ± 2-lipped).
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Australis. Pp. 533-613 in M. Flinders (ed.). A Voyage to Terra Australis, vol. 2. G. and W. Nicol, London, England. 613 pp. Giussani, L.M., J.H. Cota-Sanchez
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, entire, or 2-lobed. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
oblong to linear or filiform, flat or ± conduplicate). Ray-florets 0 or in 1 (–2+) series, usually pistillate and fertile, rarely neuter or styliferous
23 KB (1,089 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
exostome (except in Homalotheciella), basal membrane 1/2–1/3 endostome length, segments broad, cilia 2 or 3), sometimes modified (for example, exostome teeth
28 KB (900 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
49, 51, 57, 60, 61, 86, 104, 107, 120, 125, 126, 133. Shrubs or trees, 0.05–20 m, not clonal or, sometimes, clonal by layering or stem fragmentation. Stems
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
Rich woods and ravines, mainly in uplands, rarely coastal plain Elevation: 0-1065m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ind., Ky., Md., Miss., N
8 KB (529 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
filaments 0–1 mm, filaments of 2 anterior stamens often with nectaries protruding into spur, anther dehiscence by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, [2–] 3 [–5]
13 KB (963 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
spiciform, or ± umbelliform arrays, sometimes borne singly. Calyculi usually 0, sometimes 2–12+ bractlets (Centromadia, some members of Hemizonia and Lagophylla)
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
usually empty, usually 2-keeled scale (prophyll); occasionally prophyll subtending and enclosing rachilla, bearing 1 pistillate, sometimes (0–) 3 staminate flowers
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
sometimes below the glumes. Spikelets 0.7-50 mm, laterally compressed, sometimes weakly so, sometimes viviparous, usually with 2-22 florets, sometimes with 1,
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
aggregated into second-order heads, rarely borne singly. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries sometimes 0 (apparent phyllaries interpreted as outer receptacular paleae)
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric, or campanulate to hemispheric or broader, or rotate. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually 8–40+ in 2–4+ series
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–) 2 (–8+)
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vary from smooth to papillose (with papillae mostly less than 0.1 mm) or denticulate (teeth 0.1+ mm). Vestiture of the sides of the anthers varies from absent
20 KB (1,850 words) - 19:05, 29 July 2020
axil of tubercle, radially symmetric [bilaterally symmetric]; flower tube 0.2–15 [–30] cm; perianth epigynous (perigynous in some Pereskia), deciduous or
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres mostly campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or ± rotate. Phyllaries persistent, 5–50+ in 2–3+ series, distinct
13 KB (688 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
each bract 0. Pedicels present. Staminate flowers: sepals 0; petals 0; nectary absent; stamen 1; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals 0 (ovary subtended
18 KB (1,360 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
pitted, glabrous or hairy), usually epaleate (paleae usually 0, rare in Eriophyllum). Ray-florets 0 or 4–21, pistillate, fertile (3–8 peripheral florets pistillate
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading at anthesis, lanceolate
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
insertion, decurrent or not; margins plane, recurved, or revolute, 1-stratose or 2-stratose, rarely multistratose, limbidium present or absent; apex broadly rounded
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
often resinous. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0, or 1–18, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow (white in E. gilmanii
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
apex deeply 2-fid versus emarginate to entire in Draba) is unreliable, and it is well-nested within the larger and highly diversified Draba (M. Koch and
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
funnelform, lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae (brown) fusiform, ribs 0 (and faces finely striate) or 2–5, faces glabrous or hairy (not villous), often gland-dotted
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
pollinator of M. hirsutissima, M. tricuspis, M. tridentata, and is one of three main pollinators of M. involucrata (G. S. Daniels 1970). Only M. reflexa, which
16 KB (1,025 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
per spikelet. Flowers: anthers 0.2–2.5 mm; styles 2-fid or 3-fid. Achenes variously colored, biconvex to trigonous, 0.4–2 mm, smooth to markedly sculptured
4 KB (429 words) - 02:16, 30 July 2020
lower 2 filaments spurred with nectary that protrudes into petal spur; cleistogamous flowers absent or produced in summer, apetalous or petals 0 or 2 (–3)
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
deciduous; collars inconspicuous, usually glabrous; auricles absent; ligules 0.1-2 (8) mm, membranous, sometimes longest at the margins, usually truncate, sometimes
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
glumes, occasionally below the pedicels. Spikelets with 1 (2-3) florets. Glumes usually (0) 1 (2-3) -veined, apices entire, erose, or toothed, truncate to
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
perianth hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–) 5 (–6), distinct or connate; nectary
24 KB (1,347 words) - 18:25, 29 July 2020
obscurely 5 (7) -veined, apices acute, often awned, sometimes bidentate, teeth to 0.2 mm, sometimes with bristles, bristles to 10 mm, awns terminal or from the
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
cumberlandensis, M. godfreyi), filiform, 0.6–2.5 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3 (to 4 in M. cumberlandensis, M. godfreyi), linear along adaxial surface of styles
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
usually ciliate); pappi 0, or persistent or falling, vestigial, or of 8–12 linear to subulate, laciniate or fimbriate scales, sometimes 1–2 (–4) scales aristate
7 KB (521 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose,
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
Vaccinioideae); hypanthium absent; sepals absent or (2–) 4–5 (–7), distinct or connate basally; petals (2–) 4–5 (–8), rarely absent or highly reduced, connate
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
papillate, sometimes smooth; staminode included to exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
scales (0.1–0.4 mm), sometimes connate, plus 5–40 (–50), stramineous, barbellate bristles, sometimes pappi only on ray or only on disc cypselae, or 0. x =
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
placentation axile or parietal; ovules 1–2 [–4] or 100–2000+ per locule, anatropous; styles 0, 1, or 3, connate proximally; stigmas 2–5. Fruits capsules, dehiscence
13 KB (513 words) - 18:16, 29 July 2020
paleae 0). Ray-florets 0 or 5 (–8), pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish to yellowish, laminae seldom conspicuous. Peripheral (pistillate) florets 0 or 1–10+;
16 KB (907 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
clusters, or in corymbiform, cymiform, or paniculiform arrays. Calyculi usually 0 (sometimes 1–3 bractlets in Schkuhria). Involucres campanulate to narrowly
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
styles 2–3 (–4), distinct or connate (Saxifragopsis); stigmas 2–3 (–4), capitate. Fruits capsular, sometimes folliclelike (Cascadia, Micranthes), 2–3 (–4)
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, adnate proximal to middle of corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy, staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
moderately strigillose; pappi persistent, outer setiform scales (0.25–0.5 mm; rarely present) plus 2 series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
unilateralis, Carex vexans, Carex wootonii, Carex xerantica Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 394. 1837. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
glabrous or pubescent, rarely hirsute or hispid, trichomes simple or branched, 2–14-rayed, sometimes dendritic, not stellate. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
tuberculate, or papillate); pappi 0, or persistent, of (1–) 2–4 (–8), usually ± barbellate awns or scales, rarely coroniform or of 1–2, smooth to ciliate or barbed
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
in 1–2+ series, or of 5–20 (sometimes aristate) scales in 1–2 series, or combinations of bristles and scales in 1–2+ series, rarely coroniform or 0. Mostly
11 KB (674 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
warped, 2–7 × 2–7 mm, glabrous, commonly bearing 1–4 large, shallow depressions due to pressures from adjacent developing seeds; girdle protruding 0.3–3.5
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
often intergrading with distal peduncular bracts, mostly 1/5–1/2+ times phyllaries), sometimes 0. Involucres mostly cylindric or turbinate to campanulate, 5–15
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
subrotate, or curved; stamens (2 or) 4, adnate to corolla-tube, didynamous, subequal, or equal, staminodes 0 or 2; pistil 1, 2 [or 3] -carpellate, ovary superior
19 KB (841 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
flower or proximal 1–2 (–3) empty, stramineous (straw-brown) to medium brown or red brown or blackish brown. Flowers bisexual; perianth of (0–)3–6(–10) bristles
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
spikelike, not disarticulating. Spikelets 1-27 mm long, 0.5-9 mm wide, laterally compressed, with (1) 2-60 florets; disarticulation below the fertile florets
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
subequal or in 2 unequal series, anthers versatile, filaments usually without basal scale, sometimes with basal scale (sect. Gaura), 0.3–0.5 mm, scales nearly
26 KB (2,106 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
compressed; stamens (2–) 4, adnate to corolla, didynamous [both pairs of equal length in autogamous forms], staminode 0; pistil 1, 2-carpellate, ovary superior
12 KB (626 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
(Borissova) M. M. Martínez Ortega, Albach & M. A. Fischer (species 27, type V. ciliata Fischer), subg. Pocilla (Dumortier) M. M. Martínez Ortega, Albach & M. A
20 KB (967 words) - 19:23, 29 July 2020
hair lengths, puberulent is to about 0.15 mm long, short-villous to about 0.3 mm long, and long-villous from 0.3-0.4+ mm long, but these are only guidelines
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
(-20), distinct, often petaloid and colored, occasionally spurred; petals 0-26, distinct (connate in Consolida), plane, cupshaped, funnel-shaped, or spurred
13 KB (392 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
supported by molecular data (A. E. Senters and D. E. Soltis 2003; L. M. Schultheis and M. J. Donoghue 2004). Subgenus Grossularia (Miller) Persoon appears
23 KB (1,464 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
oblong-oblique, glabrous or hairy; pappi 0, or coroniform, or of 2–8+ scales or teeth. North America, Mexico Genera 2, species 30 (2 genera, 27 species in the flora)
9 KB (600 words) - 23:53, 29 July 2020
9 7 Involucellar bractlets (0–)1–2; petals white or purple-tinged; leaf blades lobed, maplelike; plants (0.4–)0.8–1.5(–2) m. Sidalcea malachroides 7 Involucellar
21 KB (668 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
in rosettes, 2–70+ [–1000] -flowered, (flowers sometimes replaced by bulbils in M. bryophora, M. ferruginea, M. foliolosa, M. petiolaris, M. stellaris)
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
genusEleocharis subgenusEleocharis subg. Eleocharis S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Treatment appears in FNA
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
connate, sometimes distinct distally; stigmas 2, entire or 2-lobed (less than 2 mm). Fruits capsular, (2-valved, obclavate to ovoid or ellipsoid). Seeds:
35 KB (4,327 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
corolla rotate, cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, didynamous; filaments glabrate to lanate; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma linear, rarely 2-lobed (A. neoscotica)
23 KB (952 words) - 19:30, 29 July 2020
on page 23, 24, 29, 49, 51, 61, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 78, 83, 86. Shrubs, 0.005–6 m, clonal by layering or rhizomes, rarely root shoots, or not clonal. Stems
22 KB (876 words) - 12:17, 30 July 2020
longer than achene, seldom smooth; stamens 2–3; styles undivided or shallowly 2-fid, or deeply cleft into 2 (–3) linear stigmatic branches; style base
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
Ferris (1923–1960, vol. 2) or P. A. Munz (1959), but was cited as a synonym of Atriplex argentea by P. C. Standley (1916). H. M. Hall and F. E. Clements
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
Glumes 0-1-veined; calluses poorly developed, usually glabrous; lemmas membranous or chartaceous, 1 (3) -veined, unawned; paleas glabrous, 2-veined, often
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
abaxially, 3.1–12 × 0.6–2.6 cm, apex usually acute; petals 3, ridged abaxially, with 2 adaxial longitudinal median rounded ridges, 3–11.2 × 0.6–3.4 cm, apex
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
basally connate; ovaries superior, 2-carpellate, 3-carpellate, 5-carpellate, or 6–12-carpellate; placentation parietal; styles 0 or 1; stigmas 1 or 3; ovules
9 KB (407 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
slightly clavate, 2–40 (–50) × 0.3–5.5 cm, usually glabrous, tuberculate; areoles elliptic, circular, ovate, obovate, or obdeltate to rhombic, 0.7–5 mm diam
17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
recognized at the infraspecific (R. M. Tryon 1955) and specific (L. H. Snyder Jr. and J. G. Bruce 1986; J. W. Thieret 1980; J. M. Beitel and W. R. Buck, pers
17 KB (719 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, pink, blue, or purple (rays 0, peripheral pistillate
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
muriculate); pappi 0, or (single or double) persistent, whitish, crenate crowns or rings of (1–) 8–25+ teeth (mostly 0.05–0.1 mm) plus 0–6, coarse, smooth
16 KB (748 words) - 20:19, 29 July 2020
Flowers bisexual; hypanthium shallowly cupulate to hemispheric, less than 0.5 mm wide; sepals 5 (or (5–) 6 (–8) in C. jepsonii), usually incurved, sometimes
10 KB (807 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
numerous rows (2 rows in Distichium); costa single, well developed, subpercurrent to excurrent, in section with 1 row of guide cells and 2 stereid bands
12 KB (480 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
(1 spikelet of the pair reduced in some species), in 2 rows along 1 side of the branches, with 2 florets, first rachilla segment not swollen, upper glumes
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
few or 0). Heads radiate or discoid, borne singly or in compact or congested to open, corymbiform, cymiform, or subumbelliform arrays. Calyculi 0 or 1–5+
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
with internal protrusion dividing carpel into 2 cells, dehiscence loculicidal, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 2–30, often reniform, glabrous or hairy. Nearly
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
terete, fusiform or globose, sometimes somewhat laterally compressed; calluses 0.1-4 mm, blunt to sharp, usually strigose; lemmas stiffly membranous to coriaceous
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
± corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres obconic to hemispheric. Phyllaries persistent or tardily falling, 5–13+ in 2+ series (distinct, often yellowish
7 KB (510 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
> 12 12 Leaf blades 4–12.2 mm wide, always some more than 10 mm wide, margins usually entire, rarely dentate, teeth 0(–4), 0.1–1.4 mm; seed coat cell papillae
20 KB (775 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
and D. M. Henderson 1984; D. M. Henderson 1976). There is some indication, however, that true hybrids may exist (D. B. Ward 1959; D. S. Correll and M. C.
23 KB (1,162 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 3. Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous, 0.1-4.5 (-8) m, glabrous or with tomentose stems. Rhizomes present or absent, short
16 KB (698 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
spines absent; stamens 5 or fewer; ovary superior; style 1 or absent; stigmas 2 (–5), filiform. Fruits utricles or achenes, often enclosed in infolded perianth
19 KB (716 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2020
entire, bilobed, or bifid, awned, lemma-awn junction usually conspicuous, awns 0.3-30 cm, not branched, usually terminal and centric or eccentric, sometimes
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
14 Shrubs 0.2–0.3(–0.5) m; stems spreading; capsules 4–5 mm wide; leaf blade surfaces pilosulous. Ceanothus diversifolius 14 Shrubs 1–3.5 m; stems erect
15 KB (437 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
conic; carpels 2–200 (–220), glabrous, styles subterminal; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, (1–) 2–200 (–220), obliquely ovoid to reniform, 0.8–3 mm, glabrous;
16 KB (987 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
cells, merging into a cylinder of thick-walled cortical cells surrounded by 0–4 layers of thin-walled inflated cells, superficial layer of cells usually
16 KB (943 words) - 06:58, 30 July 2020
lobes 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation parietal; stigma 2-lobed. Fruits capsules
28 KB (1,133 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
or absent, blade apex entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
(paleate in A. palmeri). Florets: usually peripheral 3–20 pistillate and fertile (0 pistillate in A. nesiotica, A. palmeri); central (or all) 14–70 bisexual and
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
or brownish, clawed or not, blade apex entire, erose, emarginate, or rarely 2-fid; nectaries usually 5, prominent at (or adjacent to in E. eastwoodiae) base
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sometimes 0, usually yellow, sometimes white, when yellow, then often ultraviolet-reflecting, margins entire; stamens as many as sepals in 1 series, or 2 times
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
sparsely short-hairy; pappi 0 or of 1–2 (–6) equal or subequal, smooth, antrorsely barbellulate, or subplumose bristles 0.5–4.6 mm plus callous crowns
11 KB (583 words) - 23:49, 29 July 2020
plumose, (0.5–) 2–25 (–31) × 0.01–0.6 mm; radial spines (6–) 10–80 per areole, straight to curved or crinkly bristles, (0.6–) 3–25 mm; central spines 0–several
18 KB (1,104 words) - 09:27, 30 July 2020
prominently veined or ribbed; beak present or absent, terminal, straight to coiled, 0-4 mm. x = 7. Nearly worldwide, mostly temperate Species 120-200 (22 in the
17 KB (836 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
(May) June to fall, usually partially or totally cleistogamous. Spikelets 0.8-5.2 mm, not subtended by bristles, dorsally compressed, surfaces unequally convex
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
occasionally inclined, 0.5–3 (–7) mm, exothecial cells rectangular, 25–30 µm, ca. 2–3: 1, walls thin or evenly thickened; annulus of 1–2 rows of vesiculose
26 KB (1,447 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
glomerules [aggregated in second-order heads]. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries usually persistent [readily falling], in 2–8+ series, distinct, unequal, herbaceous to chartaceous
9 KB (655 words) - 20:04, 29 July 2020
lobes 0 or 3 or 4 (or 5), abaxial 2 or 3 (or 4), adaxial 1; stamens 2, epipetalous or inserted on receptacle, filaments glabrous; staminode 0; ovary 1-locular
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bulbiferous, with flowers borne singly, in pairs, or in umbellike clusters of 2–40+ on peduncles or the lateral branches borne by the peduncle. Flowers protandrous
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didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy, pollen-sacs equal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal
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glumes usually 0.1-0.3 mm longer than the upper glumes, rarely equal; calluses poorly developed, blunt, glabrous or hairy, hairs to about 1/2 as long as the
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
or pouches formed on petal margins at base of claw; stamens 5; staminodes 0 or 5, as small deltate projections; pistil 5-carpellate, ovary 5-locular, or
10 KB (551 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
stem leaves 1.2–1.5 mm and stems usually 1–2 cm and slender (related to the leaf size); ‘medium’ refers to stem leaves 1.5–3 mm and stems 2–4 cm; ‘large’
18 KB (782 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.1–0.2 mm, sometimes papillate or smooth; staminode included to exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight
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usually glabrous (rarely tomentose) adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/5–1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments
30 KB (1,075 words) - 10:46, 30 July 2020
example, M. aquaticum and M. spicatum). This issue is further complicated by hybridization of M. spicatum with native M. sibiricum (see 8. M. spicatum
19 KB (1,182 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
deltate. Cypselae obconic or obpyramidal, glabrous or hairy; pappi 0, or persistent, of 2–11 (–15) usually aristate scales. x = 15. North America, Mexico
15 KB (1,046 words) - 22:37, 29 July 2020
bracts 3–several, semileaflike at proximal node, 0.3–2.5 × 0.2–1.8 cm, usually scalelike distally, 1–5 × 0.5–3 mm. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate to campanulate
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
absent, auricles 2, coronal appendages 2, variously shaped or dissected; limb usually exserted and conspicuous, oblanceolate to obovate, apex 2-lobed, sometimes
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
bearing spikelets abaxially, in 2 rows, usually in unequally pedicellate groups of 2-5, occasionally borne singly. Spikelets 1.2-8.2 mm, lanceoloid to ellipsoid
23 KB (1,318 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
tufted, or matted, sometimes forming hanging clumps, often aromatic, (0.1–) 0.3–6 (–6.5) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, sericeous, villous, or pilose
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flat to concave, (0.5–) 1–4 (–5) mm; base decurrent or not; margins plane or revolute, entire to denticulate distally, 1-stratose or 2-stratose, limbidium
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longer than the lemmas; lodicules 2, without venation, usually ciliate; anthers 3; ovaries with hairy apices; styles 2, bases free. Caryopses ovoid to fusiform
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
hairy); pappi 0 (H. porteri), or readily falling, of 2 (–3) usually lanceolate, aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
membranous; blades V-shaped or M-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous, sometimes papillose. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–8 (–10) spikes; proximal
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
according to species from 0% to 100% mature size. Lobing, here often expressed as Leaf Incision Index, or LII, varies from 0% (not incised) to 100% (incised
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
brownish, or blackish aristate scales (often reduced to 0–4 in M. douglasii, of 24–48 bristles in M. borealis), scale bodies deltate, lanceolate, oblong,
15 KB (826 words) - 20:23, 29 July 2020
marginal teeth 3–9(–11). > 10 10 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m; stems ascending to erect. Ceanothus divergens 10 Shrubs 0.1–0.6 m; stems spreading to weakly ascending
14 KB (504 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
small to large, as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm, not complanate-foliate, often bearing subfloral innovations below
17 KB (677 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
oblong, oblong-ovate, obovate, quadrangular, suborbiculate, or orbiculate, 0.2–10 × 0.2–6 cm, membranous to coriaceous, base tapering or truncate to rounded
22 KB (1,558 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
orbiculate, lanceolate, or ovate, [0.3–] 0.4–15 (–21) cm, leathery to membranous, margins flat or revolute, entire, venation pinnate, 2–14 pairs, surfaces often
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
Mississippi. The largest known tree of Magnolia grandiflora, 37.2m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.97m, is recorded from Smith County, Mississippi (American
9 KB (712 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
maturity; stamens absent [rudimentary]; pistil 1; ovule 1; style 0.1–1 mm, or absent; stigmas 2–3 (–5), slender. Staminate flowers: tepals 3–5, equal or subequal;
32 KB (1,366 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
adjacent lemmas, 1-veined, obtuse or acute, often erose; lower glumes 0.3-4.5 mm; upper glumes 0.6-7 mm; calluses glabrous; lemmas membranous to thinly coriaceous
20 KB (1,626 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
mucilaginous. Spines (0–) 4–55 per areole, white, yellow, reddish, brown, or black, subulate or acicular to bristlelike, (0–) 3–150 × 0.1–2.5 mm, hard, smooth
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
pistillate unisexual flowers, not woolly, with hairs ± straight or tips coiled, 0.1–0.3 mm; hypanthium cupshaped, tapering or expanded distally; sepals (3–) 5
21 KB (1,113 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
Perennials or subshrubs (dioecious, gynoecious, or polygamodioecious), (0.2–) 4–25 (–70) cm (sometimes cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes rhizomatous)
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
5 (–9) [–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus); petals 5 (sometimes rudimentary) or 0, distinct or connate
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
densely strigillose; pappi 0 or in 3–4 series, outer of 3–40 (sometimes obscure) linear to linear-lanceolate or triangular scales (0.2–1 mm), inner of 30–45
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
mostly on short-shoots, nearly 2-ranked. Leaf-blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5–10 (–14) × 0.5–8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate
18 KB (893 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
stipe 0–3.5 mm; ovary glabrous or sparsely to very densely hairy; stigmas with flat, non-papillate abaxial surface, cylindrical, or plump, 0.1–0.8 mm.
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orange-red, usually obcordate or broadly obovate, emarginate; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series with episepalous longer or rarely subequal, erect, anthers versatile
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
washingtoniana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 204. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 96. 1754. John M. Miller Common names: Spring beauty Etymology: for John Clayton, 1686–1773
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs, not viviparous, 0.2–10 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or creeping
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
inflorescences sometimes present as condensed, axillary (terminal) shoots; bracts 0 or (1–) 3, scattered to whorled, margins sometimes glandular. Flowers bisexual
19 KB (1,406 words) - 11:20, 30 July 2020
arrays. Calyculi 0 or of 1–2 bractlets. Involucres campanulate, cylindric, obconic, turbinate, or urceolate. Phyllaries persistent, 2–8 in ± 1 series (distinct
7 KB (473 words) - 23:35, 29 July 2020
lower glumes 1 (3) -veined; upper glumes 3-veined; calluses hairy, hairs 0.2-6.5 mm, sparse to abundant; lemmas 3 (5) -veined, smooth or scabrous, apices
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
spikelets. Rhizomes horizontal and long, or ascending and caudexlike. Culms 0.3–5 mm wide; distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent, rarely disintegrating
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if present acute or spinose, never bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually somewhat apiculate, occasionally retuse. Pistillate
27 KB (606 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
to white, ovate-triangular, thin, not keeled or crested adaxially; petals 0 or 4 [–5], yellowish to cream, hooded, spatulate, not clawed; nectary thin
12 KB (452 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
-carpellate, ovary inferior, 0–1-locular, embryo-sacs arising from placental nucellar complex; no true integumented ovules formed; style 0 or 1, very short; stigma
12 KB (866 words) - 18:24, 29 July 2020
(usually hairy at base); anthers (dark red), with 2 (recurved), dorsal awns, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary 2–10-locular; stigma capitate. Drupes red, reddish-brown
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
[paleate]. Ray-florets 0 (whitish corollas of peripheral pistillate florets sometimes with minute, 3-toothed laminae in Sachsia) [in 1 (–2+) series, pistillate
9 KB (534 words) - 20:42, 29 July 2020
these studies in the literature (H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis 1955; V. S. Ford and L. D. Gottlieb 2003; V. M. Eckhart et al 2004). None. Clarkia sect. Biortis
19 KB (745 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
in discs, hairy or glabrous; pappi 0, or persistent, of 6–12+ (distinct) erose to laciniate or aristate scales (in 1–2 similar or contrasting series), or
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
Acetosa, Acetosella, and Bucephalophora (see e.g., Á. Löve 1983; Löve and B. M. Kapoor 1967; N. N. Tzvelev 1987b, 1989b). These taxa probably represent distinct
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
abruptly contracted to beak or beakless, glabrous; beak straight or excurved, 0–1.3 mm, orifice entire. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller than bodies of
16 KB (695 words) - 02:09, 30 July 2020
vol. 2; R. S. Mitchell and J. K. Dean 1982). Additional analyses (e.g., G. Boraiah and M. Heimburger 1964; M. Heimburger 1959; C. Joseph and M. Heimburger
19 KB (1,214 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
present; bracteoles usually present. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, (0–) 4 or 5 (–7) -merous, actinomorphic; usually epigynous, rarely semiepigynous;
15 KB (668 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
central strand present; pseudoparaphyllia acute to acuminate; axillary hairs of 2–4 cells, cells long, 3–6: 1. Stem-leaves appressed, erect, spreading, patent
18 KB (751 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
double, rarely single or absent; exostome teeth 0, 8, or 16, papillose or striate; endostome segments 0, 8, or 16. Calyptra mitrate, conic-oblong to short-conic
24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
cross-section, 2.5–8 × 1.2–3.5 mm, 2–2.5 times as long as wide, dull, base rounded, apex tapering to beak, glabrous or pubescent; beak straight, 0.2–2 mm, emarginate
13 KB (709 words) - 02:14, 30 July 2020
nectary usually present; stamens 2–10; filaments distinct or connate less than 1/2 their lengths, hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally, rarely glabrous; anthers
14 KB (582 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
entire; petiole present; blade reniform to orbiculate, 2–30 cm, herbaceous to ± coriaceous, leaflets 0 or 3, 5, 7, or 9, terminal ovate to elliptic to obovate
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
(P. coronopus, P. maritima), lobes 4; stamens 2 or 4, free, equal, filaments glabrous; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation free-central, sometimes
17 KB (732 words) - 19:20, 29 July 2020
cymiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or ± obpyramidal. Phyllaries persistent or falling, 6–30+ in 2–5+ series, usually
10 KB (606 words) - 23:21, 29 July 2020
adnate to corolla, didynamous or equal, staminode 0 or 1; pistil 1, 2-carpellate, ovary superior, 2-locular or 4-locular (partition incomplete and ovary
15 KB (926 words) - 19:11, 29 July 2020
or subglobose, 0.2–30 cm, fleshy, base not spurred, margins entire, not ciliate; veins entering margins. Inflorescences lateral cymes, 2+-cincinnate. Pedicels
13 KB (1,202 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
round-reniform, large (ca. 1 mm diam.) and persistent or sometimes small (less than 0.3 mm diam.), occasionally ephemeral, sometimes absent; sporangial capsules
14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded gland-tipped hairs mostly 0.2–0.8(–1.2+) mm. Surfaces of stems, leaves, peduncles, and phyllaries may be glabrous
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
complex—Outlines of its cytogenetics and taxonomy. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 14(2): 1–131. Marhold, H. Kudoh, and M. Koch. 2006. Worldwide phylogeny and biogeography of Cardamine
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
solitary; glands subtending each bract 0. Pedicels present. Staminate flowers: sepals 5, imbricate, distinct or connate to 1/2 length; petals 5, distinct or connate
14 KB (637 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
hemispheric or turbinate-cylindric, (2.5–) 3–22 (–25) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or tardily falling, 18–40 in (2–) 3–7 series, not notably nerved, ovate
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
separate glands; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 0–250 [–300], distinct or connate proximally, often 2–4-seriate, linear; stamens 1–500 (–700), distinct
17 KB (1,102 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0 (peduncular bractlets sometimes intergrade with phyllaries). Phyllaries persistent, in (1–) 2 (–3) series, distinct [connate]
8 KB (479 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to hemispheric (sometimes cupulate). Phyllaries persistent and/or falling, 8–25+ in 2 series (outer 2–6 distinct
8 KB (555 words) - 23:33, 29 July 2020
heads, florets 1–3 per individual head in Hecastocleis). Calyculi usually 0 (of 3–7 bractlets in Trixis; second-order heads subtended by leaflike bracts
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discoid (except A. bigelovii with, rarely, 1–2 raylike florets). Receptacles epaleate, glabrous. Pappi 0. Florets: 3–20, bisexual, fertile; corollas (pale-yellow)
10 KB (942 words) - 20:46, 29 July 2020
Peduncles 1–20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to subcylindric, 6–16 × 2–4 mm. Phyllaries 10–31 in 3–5 series
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to reddish-brown, mostly 0.3–2 cm, twisted clockwise proximally, occasionally counterclockwise distally. Capsule stegocarpous, theca elliptic to cylindric
28 KB (1,343 words) - 07:04, 30 July 2020
species concept for the genus applied by M. M. Iljin (1929, 1936), P. Aellen (1961, 1964), M. V. Klokov (1960), M. Kitagawa (1935), Tsien C. P. and Ma C
17 KB (1,353 words) - 09:33, 30 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, (0.3–) 0.5–5 (–7) dm, lengths 1–3 (–5) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal rarely ± 2-ranked; cauline (0–) 1–3 (–4); primary leaves
18 KB (1,094 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
basally; petals (0 or) 2–5, distinct; nectary absent; stamens [0–] 1–10, distinct, free; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 2–5-carpellate
7 KB (249 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
filaments glabrous or hairy, spur 0 or 1; staminode 1, glandlike; ovary 2-loculed, placentation axile; stigma minutely 2-lobed. Fruits capsules, dehiscence
16 KB (737 words) - 19:04, 29 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, 0.2–2.5 (–4.5) dm, lengths 1.5–5 times basal leaves. Leaves: basal rarely 2-ranked; cauline 0–2 (–3); primary leaves usually
21 KB (1,382 words) - 14:01, 30 July 2020
morphology, cytology and DNA fingerprinting. Aliso 20:21-36 Saarela, J.M., P.M. Peterson, and J. Cayouette. 2005. Bromus hallii (Poaceae), a new combination
16 KB (1,697 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
black gland on connective; staminode fascicles 0 [3]; ovary 2–5-merous; placentation axile to parietal; ovules 2+ on each placenta; styles distinct or ± connate
13 KB (922 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
emarginate, adaxial 2, adaxial lip cucullate; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous, anther mucros unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation
17 KB (854 words) - 19:26, 29 July 2020
appears to have a wing distally. Species ca. 100 (33 in the flora). Fernald, M. L. 1932. The linear-leaved North American species of Potamogeton section Axillaries
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
back, veins not pronounced, margins involute; anthers 3; lodicules 2, papery; styles with 2 branches, purple, plumose. Caryopses not longitudinally grooved;
12 KB (923 words) - 04:12, 30 July 2020
open to dense turfs or gregarious, green, yellow-green, pink, or red. Stems 0.1–2 (–3) cm, gemmiform to evenly foliate, not or strongly branched; rhizoids
12 KB (668 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
(–9) glands alternating with stamens; stamens usually (3–) 5 (–9), sometimes 0 in pistillate flowers; style conic, short. Berries purple or black. Seeds 1–4
14 KB (773 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
rarely 3-parted, then petals absent in Thalassia and Halophila; stamens (0–) 2–many in 1 or more whorls (inner often staminodial), epigynous, distinct or
11 KB (422 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
and tapering from below midlength, pilose or glabrous, sometimes scabrous, 0-3 (7) -veined, veins evident at least at midlength, sometimes keeled, keels
20 KB (1,611 words) - 03:05, 30 July 2020
lacking; ligules of hairs or very shortly membranous and long-ciliate, the 2 types generally indistinguishable. Inflorescences terminal, usually panicles
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
longer than stipe; stipe 0.5–2.7 mm; ovary glabrous or sparsely to very densely hairy; stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.2–1 mm. North America, Eurasia
4 KB (476 words) - 12:02, 30 July 2020
abruptly contracted to beak or beakless, glabrous or pubescent; beak 0.5–3 mm, ca. 1/2 length of body, orifice entire to bidentate, teeth to 1 mm. Stigmas
18 KB (940 words) - 02:10, 30 July 2020
3–35-flowered (1–2-flowered in R. albiflorum); perulae brownish, scalelike, dry. (Pedicels horizontal to erect (recurved); bracteoles 2, brownish, scalelike
21 KB (889 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
of Aspidotis (A. R. Smith 1975), Argyrochosma (M. D. Windham 1987), and Astrolepis (D. M. Benham and M. D. Windham 1992) as distinct genera. Despite these
22 KB (1,068 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
alternate; short-petiolate or sessile; blades with usually evident midnerves plus 0–2 pairs of fainter collateral nerves (secondary nerves raised and reticulate
12 KB (864 words) - 21:46, 29 July 2020
apex tapering to rounded, abruptly or gradually beak, smooth, glabrous; beak 0.1–1.8 mm, usually more than 5 mm, orifice entire. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous;
12 KB (663 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
Culms 1–40 cm × 0.2–1.2 mm, spongy, transverse septa incomplete. Spikelets ovoid to subcylindric, terete, much wider than their culms, 2–9 mm; rachilla
8 KB (548 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
Some species are used widely for dyes, cosmetics, food, and medicine (G. M. Hocking 1997; D. J. Mabberly 1997). None. Mirabilis sect. Mirabilis, Mirabilis
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
involute, or terete; bracteoles 2, at base of perianth. Flowers borne singly, not in heads. Capsules 1-locular (placentae 1/2–3/4 distance to central axis)
9 KB (421 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
adaxial 2; stamens 4, didynamous, included, filaments glabrous or pubescent proximally; staminode 0; ovary 1-locular (sometimes irregularly 2-locular or
22 KB (1,669 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
(pubescent in P. alba), margins entire, sometimes ciliolate; keel crested, crest 2-lobed, often fimbriate (lobes subdivided into fingerlike lobes), glabrous (pubescent
19 KB (903 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
glabrous); pappi 0. Disc cypselae similar, sometimes obovoid (often ± straight, basal attachments central, apices not beaked), sometimes 0; pappi 0. x = 8. North
11 KB (700 words) - 23:44, 29 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, 0.2–1.5 (–2.7) dm, lengths 1/2–3 (–4) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not in ranks; cauline 0–2; primary leaves palmate to
13 KB (976 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
pitted (glabrous), epaleate (rarely bearing setiform enations). Ray-florets 0 or 7–34, pistillate and fertile or neuter; corollas yellow, yellow with purple
13 KB (702 words) - 15:32, 15 December 2020
stoloniferous, sometimes with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick, tubers absent. Culms terete, to 90 cm × 2 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent
3 KB (406 words) - 01:29, 30 July 2020
longitudinally; ovary superior, 2–5-merous; placentation axile to parietal; ovules 1–2+ on each placenta, anatropous; styles 2–5, distinct or basally [to completely]
10 KB (558 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
obtuse; stamens [0–] 1–8; pistil 2–4-carpellate, ovary 2–4-locular, apex truncate; styles 2–4; stigmas 2–4. Capsules membranous. Seeds 2–33 [–44] per locule
8 KB (388 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
United States and Canada, primarily to control weedy species of Carduus. S. M. Louda et al. (1997) reported that R. conicus has crossed over to several native
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
parvifolia, Acleisanthes wrightii A. Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 15: 259. 1853. Jackie M. Poole Common names: Trumpets Etymology: Greek a, without, cleis
11 KB (518 words) - 09:32, 30 July 2020
truncate, sometimes ± tapering or ± cuneate, each margin with 0–3 (–9) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–5 (–8) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth more than
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Measurements of seed length include aril and pubescence; the body itself is usually 0.3–0.7 mm shorter. None. Asemeia, Hebecarpa, Monnina, Polygala, Polygaloides,
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(the whole becoming a hard perigynium or “bur”); florets 1 (–5+), corollas 0. Staminate heads: involucres cupshaped to saucer-shaped, 1.5–6+ mm diam.; phyllaries
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obpyramidal, weakly ribbed or striate, glandular-pubescent; pappi usually 0 (rarely of scales). x = 16. sw United States, n Mexico Species 3 (3 in the
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occasionally bulbiform, reddish-brown distally, brown proximally. Stem very short, 0.2–0.4 mm, hyalodermis absent, sclerodermis absent or weakly differentiated, central
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5 glands; stamens [4–] (7–) 10 [–12] in [1–] 2 whorls, connate proximally forming androphore; staminodes 0–5, at apex of androphore; pistillode absent.
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usually panicles, sometimes corymbs, glabrous; bracts absent or present, (0 or) 1–3 (–8); bracteoles absent. Pedicels present. Flowers rarely unisexual
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frutescens, 1-foliolate in O. dichondrifolia); leaflets pulvinate, usually 2-lobed, sometimes not lobed, often deflexed and folded together at night, laminae
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olympica, Arabis oregana, Arabis patens, Arabis pycnocarpa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 664. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 298. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names:
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blades linear to spatulate (plane or concave), 10–80 × 0.5–8 (–14) mm, midnerves (sometimes + 2 laterals) evident, apices acute, faces glabrous or gray
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± aromatic; taproot slender or stout, not fusiform or fleshy. Stems (0.1–) 0.2–2.5 (–3) dm. Basal leaves planar or loosely to tightly cylindric; stipules
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and fewer lobed than leaves. Fruits ± spreading. Seeds obpyramidal, 1.5-2.7 × 0.7-2 mm, ringed at proximal end, wing-margined or not; seed-coats usually lacking
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different from cauline to distinctly larger and somewhat sheathing. Seta short, 0.3–0.4 mm. Capsule immersed to short-exserted, pyriform or obovate, neck weakly
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ribs 2–3 or 5–10, faces glabrous or gland-dotted (pericarps with myxogenic cells only in S. potentilloides, without resin sacs); pappi usually 0 (of 3–5
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ovules (10–) 12–120 per ovary; style distinct or obsolete; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, usually flattened, rarely plump, usually winged, rarely
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usually longer than 3 mm, thinner than 0.5 mm. Spikelets pedicellate, subterete to weakly laterally compressed, with 2-10 florets; disarticulation above the
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reduced; pistil 1, 2 (–3) -carpellate; ovary inferior, usually 2-locular proximally, 1-locular distally; placentation axile; ovules 1–2 per locule, pendulous;
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[–300] per ovary; style obsolete or distinct; stigma capitate, (rarely slightly 2-lobed). Seeds usually biseriate, rarely uniseriate, plump, not or, rarely,
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base subcordate, rounded, or cuneate, each margin with (0–) 6–15 (–29) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 6–12 (–17) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less
10 KB (925 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
prostrate; nodes glabrous or pubescent. Sheaths glabrous or pubescent; ligules 0.2-0.5 mm; blades flat, glabrous or pubescent. Panicles terminal and axillary
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margins entire or finely toothed, apex long-acuminate, costa short. Seta 0.6–0.8 cm. Capsule erect, oblong-cylindric, symmetric or weakly curved; annulus
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rounded to subcordate, sometimes cuneate, each margin with 0–3 (–6) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–5 (–7) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth more than
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pseudolavatera, Malva pusilla, Malva sylvestris, Malva verticillata Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 687. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 308. 1754. Steven R. Hill Common names: Mallow mauve
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imbricate to slightly twisted when dry, lingulate, lanceolate to deltoid, 0.5–2.0 mm, 1-stratose, concave in distal half, base rectangular to ovate, margins
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open, corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres turbinate to obconic or hemispheric. Phyllaries persistent, 10–20 in 2+ series (distinct, narrowly oblong
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membranous, sometimes pubescent or ciliate; blades of basal leaves 3-60 cm long, 0.2-8 mm wide, apices narrowly acute to acute, not sharp, flag leaf-blades 1-80
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19–29 (–42) mm, base rounded to cuneate, each margin with 0–4 (–10) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–8 (–12) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than
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Stem 0.5–6 mm, central strand present. Leaves forming a rosette, lingulate, suborbicular or deltoid, deeply concave, 0.5–2.8 mm, infolded, partly 2-stratose
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opposite or whorled bracts. Involucre ± actinomorphic, not spurred; glands [0–] (2–) 5, slightly concave, flat, or slightly convex; appendages usually petaloid
16 KB (581 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
branches, when present, 0.5–1 dm; bracts erect, linear, proximal 10–20 × 1–2 cm, distal 3–8 × 1–2 cm; peduncle scapelike, 0.3–2.5 m, 1–2 cm diam. Flowers pendent
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erect when moist, longer, apex more acuminate, costa percurrent. Seta 0.8–1.2 cm. Capsule inclined, cylindric, asymmetric or symmetric; annulus absent;
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497, 498. Herbs, terrestrial to semiepiphytic, glabrous. Roots few, fibrous, 0.3–1 mm wide. Stems swollen at base into pseudobulb, ± globose, glabrous. Leaves
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present, terminating short rhizomes or among culm bases. Culms 5–40 cm × 0.3–1.2 (–2.5) mm, spongy, transverse septa incomplete. Spikelets ovoid or oblong
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Receptacles hemispheric to conic, shallowly pitted or smooth, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 7–27, pistillate, fertile; corollas (usually marcescent) yellow (laminae
10 KB (710 words) - 22:39, 29 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, (0.2–) 0.5–3 (–4) dm, lengths (1–) 1.5–4 (–6) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not in ranks; cauline 0–3; primary leaves usually
16 KB (1,082 words) - 14:02, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants terrestrial. Roots occasionally branching laterally, yellowish to black, 0.5–2 mm diam., smooth or with corky
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arrays, sometimes borne singly (on ± leafy stems). Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent [falling], in (2–) 3–7+ series, distinct, unequal to subequal, herbaceous
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with erect petals); epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium shallowly cupulate, 0.5–3 × 2.5–7 mm; sepals 5, spreading to reflexed or erect, narrowly to broadly-triangular-ovate;
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glabrous, erect or geniculate at the base, with (1) 2-4 (5) nodes. Sheaths open; auricles ciliate; ligules 0.2-0.8 mm, membranous, truncate; blades 1.5-10 mm
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(via anther abortion), linear; styles (3–) 5 (–6), clavate to filiform, 0.5–2 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas (3–) 5 (–6), subterminal to linear along
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
sometimes minutely apiculate. Inflorescences congested to lax, 0.2–1.5 cm wide; peduncle 0.5 cm; pedicel 1–4 mm. Flowers: sepals pinkish to purplish, becoming
5 KB (378 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
Sheep become sick when given leaves of K. angustifolia totalling as little as 0.15% of the animal body weight (Jaynes). The poisonous compound was identified
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rounded, beaked or not, smooth or minutely papillose, glabrous; beak 0–1.8 (–2.2) mm, orifice entire or bidentate. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller
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173. Herbs, perennial, bulbose; bulbs with 1–several large fleshy scales and 0–many small scales (often called rice-grain bulblets). Stem 1, erect, simple
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stemless to long caulescent. Leaves mostly many-ranked, rosulate, or occasionally 2-ranked and/or laxly arranged; blade linear to triangular or ligulate, margins
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tan, pink, gray, or white, needle-shaped or awl-shaped to hairlike, 6–30 × 0.3–1 mm, smooth and hard, less often corky or spongy and soft, finely puberulent
14 KB (926 words) - 09:24, 30 July 2020
(–55) mm, base rounded to subcordate, each margin with (0–) 4–11 (–16) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–6 (–8) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth more
9 KB (881 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
complanate-foliate; central strand present; pseudoparaphyllia acute; axillary hairs of 2–3 (–4) cells. Stem-leaves erectopatent to erect, imbricate or falcate-secund
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sect. Trachyphytum, “Affines” [containing Mentzelia affinis, M. dispersa, and M. micrantha (J. M. Brokaw and L. Hufford 2010)] and “Trachyphyta” [containing
16 KB (899 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
5, distinct, not petaloid, appendaged near apex [not appendaged]; petals (0–) 4 or 5, distinct, base sometimes clawed, base with or without nectaries;
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Mentioned on page 20, 29, 119, 120, 274, 303, 304, 310. Herbs, perennial, 0.2–4 (–8) dm; rhizomatous, often forming woody stock. Stems 1–6 (–10), decumbent
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pollinia 8, firm, in 4 pairs, 2 pairs per anther cell; stigma subterminal. Fruits capsules, pendent, ellipsoid; seeds 0.5–0.7 mm. Neotemperate and neotropical
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235, 308, 311, 315. Herbs, mostly erect, infrequently scapose, (0.5–) 1–15 (–20) × 0.5–3 dm, glabrous or floccose to tomentose, usually greenish, occasionally
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longitudinal walls and often pitted or sinuose, transverse walls thin. Capsule 0.5–2 mm. Cosmopolitan Species about 45 (11 in the flora). Andreaea is easily recognized
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Inflorescence bracts usually persistent, 1–2, immediately proximal to calyx. Pedicels terete, 0.2–0.7 [–4] cm. Flowers [2–] (5–) 6–10 (–12) cm diam.; sepals persistent
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anthers 3. Caryopses ellipsoid, broadly ovoid or spheroid; embryos usually 0.7-0.9 times as long as the caryopses. x = 9. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., W
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schizopetalus, Hibiscus striatus, Hibiscus syriacus, Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 310. 1754. Orland J. Blanchard Jr. Common names:
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
florets. Glumes absent or 1-2+; lemmas without uncinate hairs, sometimes awned, awns single; paleas well developed; lodicules (0) 3 (6+), membranous, vascularized
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laciniate or irregularly bristly, the teeth or setae 0.1–2+ mm), epaleate. Ray-florets 0 (in X. grindelioides and 2 Mexican taxa) or 12–60+, pistillate, fertile;
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rarely papillate or denticulate, teeth to 0.1 mm; staminode included or exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1.1 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, rarely
16 KB (905 words) - 19:18, 29 July 2020
rosettes, 0.1–2 (–3) dm, lengths 1–3 (–4) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal sometimes 2-ranked; cauline 0–2 (–3); primary leaves ternate or palmate, (0.5–) 1–12
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than stipe; stipe 0.6–4.2 mm; ovary glabrous; stigmas with flat, non-papillate abaxial surface, or stigmas cylindrical, or plump, 0.1–0.4 mm. North America
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sometimes persistent, (3 or) 4, or 0 or rudimentary (Proserpinaca), keeled, cucullate, often distally cupulate; stamens 3–8 (1 or 2 times as many as sepals); anthers
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plane or incurved, distal lamina usually 1-stratose or 2-stratose in striae or patches, rarely 2-stratose, specialized laminal and marginal chlorophyllose
22 KB (1,082 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
loose to dense tufts, yellowish green to dark green, dull or shiny. Stems (0.5–) 2–12 (–18) cm, erect, simple or forked, densely tomentose with white or reddish-brown
26 KB (1,278 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
climbing to 12 m, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1.6-12.5 cm; leaflets mostly 5, petiolules 0.2-2.2 cm, blades oblong to ovate-elliptic, 0.7-8.2 × 0.4-4.2 cm, base
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only 0.1–0.4 mm diam., seen best with a compound microscope and polarizing filters, but five species (species 16–20) have unusually large druses (0.5–1
25 KB (1,748 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
Association Plants 0.5–10 m, spreading, globose, compact to somewhat open. Stems ± terete, green twigs thorn-tipped, 25–70 cm. Leaves 0.2–1.5 × 0.5 mm. Inflorescences
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constricted, accrescent to pistil; sepals 2 or 4, appearing as lobes on hypanthium, valvate, connate; petals 0; nectary disc well-developed or rudimentary;
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stipitate-glandular (distally). Receptacles flat, shallowly pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 3–25, pistillate, fertile or sterile; corollas yellow or drying red-purple
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cm × 0.8–1 (–1.2) mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle; ovules (54–) 60–86 per ovary; style (0.2–) 0.5–1 (–1
11 KB (1,114 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
wide, 0.3–0.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm. 2n = 42. Phenology: Fruiting late summer. Habitat: Coastal, fresh to brackish pond and lakeshores, marsh Elevation: 0–10 m Generated
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petiole absent or 0.1–2 mm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate or oval to narrowly lanceolate, (0.4–) 0.6–1.2 (–1.4) × (0.2–) 0.3–0.6 cm, margins somewhat
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fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blades with 2 lateral-veins more prominent than midvein
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Mentioned on page 10, 186, 216, 222, 224, 225, 243, 658, 659. Plants (0.5–) 2–4 (–8) cm, in open to compact tufts or mats. Stems red, reddish-brown, or
13 KB (645 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
long-silky; ovules 21–43 per ovary; style 0.2–0.3 mm; stigmas persistent, slenderly cylindrical lobes, 0.6–0.75–0.92 mm; capsules 4–7 mm (Mexico, Central
20 KB (1,565 words) - 12:13, 30 July 2020
medially thickened, laterally scarious scales in 1–2 series (all, some, or none aristate), rarely 0. x = 19. North America, Mexico, South America (mostly
12 KB (725 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
bisexual florets. Gibbs Russell, G.E., L. Watson, M. Koekemoer, L. Smook, N.P. Barker, H.M. Anderson, and M.J. Dallwitz. 1991. Grasses of Southern Africa (ed
10 KB (670 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
apex, obovate to obcordate, 2–6 × 1–4.5 cm, apex rounded or emarginate. Flowers: hypanthium appressed-hairy; sepals 0.5–0.8 mm; petals cream or yellow-green
8 KB (614 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
or falling, lanceolate to obovate, entire or 2-lobed or 3-lobed, convex to conduplicate). Ray-florets [0–] (3–) 5 (–8) [–15], pistillate, fertile; corollas
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(–14); corollas 3.5–6.5 mm, lobes 0.7–1.7 mm; style-branches 2.2–3.2 mm (exserted beyond spreading corolla lobes), appendages 0.8–1.5 mm (length shorter than
9 KB (684 words) - 21:47, 29 July 2020
reduced; exostome teeth 16, shorter than endostome; endostome segments 16, cilia 0–3. Calyptra cucullate, naked. n North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central
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Flora of North America Association Plants erect, straggling, or vinelike, 0.4–2 m, ± glabrous or densely pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1–11 cm; blade lanceolate
5 KB (434 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
× 2 mm. Berries gray-translucent to white, tinged with green, borne on peduncle 0.5–2 × 4–5 mm diam. Seed black, 1–2 mm, granular and rugose, visible through
4 KB (342 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
capitate, rarely linear. Capsules dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments or 5, 2-seeded segments; false septa incomplete to complete. Pollen tricolpate or multiporate
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obflattened (± winged, shed alone without accessory structures); pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 awns (± confluent with cypsela shoulders and wings). x = 7. North
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beneath the upper florets. Spikelets with 2 florets; lower glumes absent or present, 0-5-veined; upper glumes longer, 0-11-veined; lower florets sterile or staminate;
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apex not 2-lobed, although sometimes slightly notched; anthers depressed-ovate or transversely oblong; pistil 4-carpellate, ovary inferior to 1/2 inferior
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distinct 1/2 their lengths or more, 0.3–1.6 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, or slenderly or broadly cylindrical, 0.2–0.8 mm. Capsules
16 KB (1,072 words) - 12:35, 30 July 2020
3–4.3 × 1.2–2.2 mm. Pedicels: 0.4–1.1 mm in staminate inflorescences, 1–1.4 mm in pistillate inflorescences, glabrous. Staminate flowers: sepals 0.7–1 mm
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whitish, pyramidal, as high as or sometimes much higher than wide, 0.35–0.7 × 0.25–0.7 mm. 2n = 18, 19, 38. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer, all year in s
14 KB (1,404 words) - 02:19, 30 July 2020
sometimes flanked by membranous or setiform enations), epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 5–60+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orange. Disc-florets (20–)
23 KB (1,525 words) - 22:29, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 334. Mentioned on page 321, 354, 335, 345. Herbs, perennial, 0.1–0.8 m, not glaucous, with thick, woody taproot or caudex, without rhizomes. Stems
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subglobose, without a multicellular apiculus, less than 0.4 mm from base to apex; exothecium of 1–2 cell-layers; columella absent in maturing capsules. Calyptra
7 KB (629 words) - 07:14, 30 July 2020
sometimes aggregated in second-order heads]. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries usually persistent, in (2–) 3–6+ series, distinct or ± connate, usually unequal, usually
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significant (e.g., Dahlstedt; Doll 1977; M. L. Fernald 1933; E. L. Greene 1901b; G. Haglund 1943, 1946, 1948, 1949; M. P. Porsild 1930; P. A. Rydberg 1901)
28 KB (2,401 words) - 20:10, 29 July 2020
parallel distally. False indusia light gray-green or brown to dark-brown, narrow, 0.6–1 mm wide, marginal, concealing sporangia until sporangia dehisce. Sporangia
11 KB (615 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
Pedicels: 0 or 1 (or 2) subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (7–) 15–28 (–41) mm. Flowers: sepals spreading to recurved after flowering, (1.9–) 2.8–4 (–5.3)
10 KB (1,011 words) - 13:49, 30 July 2020
apex contracted to beak, glabrous or pubescent; beak bidentate, teeth (0.4–) 0.6–3 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes brown, trigonous, smaller than bodies of perigynia
9 KB (468 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
ellipsoid, 1–3 (–5+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 7–15+ in 2–3 (–4+) series, (usually green) 2–3-nerved, or not notably nerved, or pinnately nerved, elliptic
17 KB (791 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 7–60, pistillate, fertile (sterile or 0 in D. canescens var. shastensis); corollas white, blue, violet, or purple.
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15 m. Bark light reddish gray, smooth and flaking. Leaves tardily deciduous; petiole 0.1–0.5 cm; blade dark green and glossy adaxially, obovate, 2–5 ×
6 KB (458 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
different plants. Staminate spikes 0.4-4 cm, 11-13 whorls per cm; anthers 0.4-0.7 mm. Infructescences sparsely pubescent; peduncles 2-9 mm; infructescence body
6 KB (400 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
to whitish, pyramidal to mamillate, as high as wide to 2 times higher, 0.3–0.7 × 0.35–0.7 mm. 2n = 16, 17, 36. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Fresh
16 KB (1,681 words) - 02:17, 30 July 2020
turfs in R. andersonii), green to red-green. Stems 0.3–6 cm, usually strongly rosulate, sometimes in 2 or more interrupted rosettes, rarely evenly foliate
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(slightly irregular in M. fontana), not showy (except in M. parvifolia and M. bostockii), occasionally replaced by bulbils in M. chamissoi; sepals persistent
11 KB (582 words) - 09:46, 30 July 2020
inrolled) when dry, erect-patent to spreading when moist, (1.5–) 2–8 (–12) mm, 0.5–1.2 mm wide at mid-limb; cells of the sheath lamina longer and narrower
8 KB (479 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
bristles 0.5–3.5 mm (in P. vitreomontana all but 2–3 may reduced to vestigial nubs). x = 17. sw United States Species 6 (6 in the flora). Powell, A. M. 1969
6 KB (533 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs 0.9–1.4 dm. Leaves lanceolate, thick, ± brittle, (0.4–) 1–2.5 cm. Inflorescences: bracts lanceolate, longer
4 KB (594 words) - 18:51, 29 July 2020
primary-veins in 7–8 pairs. Inflorescence bracts 2, 2–4 mm. Pedicels 0.2–0.4 (–0.5) cm × 1 mm. Flowers (5–) 7–10 (–12) cm diam.; sepals suborbiculate, 7–9 ×
7 KB (578 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
apex ciliate; ovary 0.5–1 mm. Berries 14–30 mm. Seeds elongate, 13–15 mm; hilum ca. 1/3 seed length. 2n = 52. Phenology: Flowering mostly late summer
5 KB (379 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
aggregate in eastern North America. Ann. Bot. Fennici 17: 183--191. Fernald, M. L. and K. M. Wiegand. 1910. The North American variation of Juncus effusus. Rhodora
6 KB (353 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
adaxial 2; stamens 4, basally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous or glandular-hairy, pollen-sacs 2 per filament; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular
11 KB (634 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
grooved. Capsules ± reflexed, cylindric, 0.7–1 cm, styles persistent, pubescent. Seeds 1–1.4 × 0.4–0.9 mm, smooth, shiny. 2n = 22. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun
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to moderately scabrellous to strigillose or appressed-puberulent (hairs 0.1–0.8+ mm), not glanddotted. Heads radiate, discoid, disciform, or radiant, in
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mm, 6.2–13 mm longer than inner, basally connate 1–2.7 mm, tapering evenly towards apex; inner with keel gibbous basally, hyaline margins 0.5–0.6 mm wide
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tufts, glaucous to whitish or yellowish. Stems 0.5–10 (–16) cm, erect to inclined or procumbent, simple, 2-fid, or with subfloral whorl of branches; pentagonal
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Plants in loose or dense tufts, green, yellowish, or sometimes brownish. Stems 0.5–3 (–6) cm; sparsely to strongly radiculose. Stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate
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flora). Pryer, K. M. and D. M. Britton. 1983. Spore studies in the genus Gymnocarpium. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 377--388. Pryer, K. M., D. M. Britton, and J.
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leaves oval, suboval, or suborbiculate, sheathing setae and capsule. Seta 0.1–0.3 mm. Capsule immersed to slightly emergent, ovoid to subcylindric; annulus
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elliptic, 1.5–11 × 0.5–4 cm, entire or lobed to relatively deeply pinnatifid, faces hairy. Heads (erect to nodding, peduncles 0 or 2–5 mm) in congested
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obtuse, 0.9–1.3 × 1.4–1.8 mm; nectary weakly 10-lobed or ribbed; stamens 2.6–3.6 mm; filaments 2.3–3.4 mm, villous; anthers ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, awns 0.6–1.1
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retuse-apiculate, isthmus 0.2–0.4 cm wide with serrate margins; callus with 2 sets of tuberculate processes, 3 proximal, broader, 2 distal, smaller; column
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Malacothamnus palmeri Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 208. 1906. David M. Bates Common names: Chaparral mallow bushmallow Etymology: Greek malakos,
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distinct, petaloid, dimorphic, in 2 whorls with 2 outer and 3 inner or 2 outer and 2 inner plus 1 transitional; stamens 8, in 2 series with 5 outer and 3 inner;
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sepals persistent or deciduous, 2–6 [–8], distinct or basally connate, equal or unequal, margins usually hyaline; petals [0–] 2–6 (–8), imbricate, distinct
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bases, yellow, white, or pink, base with 0 or 2 auricles flanking central ligule; stamens 5; staminodes 0; pistil 2–3-carpellate, ovary 4-locular or 6-locular
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Roots from globose, ellipsoid, oblong, or forked corms, 0.5–2 mm wide. Stems: glabrous; cauline bracts 2–3, sheathing. Leaves 1 (–3), sessile; blade linear
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3 mm, 0.7–4.3 mm in anthesis; filaments 0.2–0.9 mm, 0.3–2 mm in anthesis; anthers 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 mm; ovary 0.7–2.6 × 0.4–1.4 mm; stigmas 0.3–1.4 mm,
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brackish water Elevation: 0-50 m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; Fla., native, e coast Australia Commonly near brackish water; 0-50 m; introduced; Fla.;
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yellowbrown, 0.3–0.8 cm, twisted clockwise proximally, occasionally counterclockwise distally. Capsule yellowbrown to brown, ovoid to elliptic, 0.5–1 (–1.5)
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Calyculi 0 or of 1–5+ bractlets. Involucres obconic to turbinate, 6–15+ mm diam. (expanding in fruit). Phyllaries persistent, mostly 12–15 in (1–) 2 series
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5–7 mm; inner with keel evenly curved, hyaline margins 0.2–0.5 mm wide, apex acute, ending 0.2–2 mm proximal to green apex. Flowers: tepals light blue to
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erect, 0.05–0.8 m. Twigs terete or slightly 2-angled proximal to node, viscid, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves opposite; petiole absent or 0.1–2 mm, glabrous
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sessile; perianth 1–1.5 × 0.5 mm; anther 0.5 × 0.4 mm; ovary 1–2 mm; style 0.5 mm (bisexual), 30 cm (pistillate). Fruits 2–5 mm. 2n = 12. Phenology: Flowering
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ovatelanceolate, triangular, rounded-triangular, or cordate, not plicate, 0.9–6.4 × 0.4–1.6 mm; base not or hardly decurrent (narrowly decurrent in D. cardotii);
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yellow-green, glossy or sometimes dull. Stems 2–6 (–8) cm, 0.5–4 mm wide across leafy stem. Leaves 0.7–4 × (0.2–) 0.4–2 mm; alar cells spheric, oval, quadrate
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usually short but elongate in some species, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 0.8-6 m, erect. Leaves cauline, not aromatic; sheaths usually glabrous, sometimes
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basally connate 1.5–2.5 mm; inner with keel evenly curved, hyaline margins 0.1–0.3 mm wide, apex acute to acuminate, ending 0.4–2.3 mm proximal to green
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glabrous, smooth to scabrous; auricles absent; ligules 0.2-15 mm, membranous to hyaline; blades 0.5-16 mm wide, flat, involute, valvate, or folded, often
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whitish, pyramidal, much higher than wide to, lower than wide, 0.35–0.65 × 0.2–0.6 mm. 2n = 16, 18, 19, 20. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Non-calcareous
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whitish, pyramidal, depressed, rarely some as high as wide, 0.15–0.3 (–0.5) × (0.3–) 0.4–0.6 mm. 2n = 44, 45, 46. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer. Habitat:
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petaloid, valvate, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent [present]; stamens 2–6 (–10) [–25], distinct or connate basally (connate 1/2 length in T. nigricans); pistillode
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absent; operculum rostrate to conic-rostrate, ca. 0.4–0.5 mm, cells straight. Calyptra cucullate, 0.5–1.2 mm, smooth. Spores 11–16 µm, smooth to papillose
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broadly rounded, seldom pyramidal, (0.5–) 0.7–1.5 × (0.5–) 0.8–1.4 mm, usually with vertical rows of depressions (cancellate). 2n = 12. Phenology: Fruiting summer
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(–45) cm, base rounded to cordate, each margin with (0 or) 1–6 (–13) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–6 (–9) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth more
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or oblanceolate, 1.5-4 mm; petals 0-5, distinct, white, plane, linear to very narrowly spatulate, long-clawed, 1-2.5 mm; nectary present; stamens 5-25;
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usually distinct, sometimes connate less than 1/2 their lengths, usually hairy basally, sometimes on proximal 1/2; anthers yellow, usually globose. Pistillate
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base of ovary; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 3, filiform, 0.5–2 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3, linear along adaxial surfaces of styles
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± tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2, adaxial lip hooded; stamens 4, basally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments
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Rhizomes present, creeping, sometimes with apical tubers. Culms 16–115 cm × 0.5–8.5 mm, spongy with transverse septa incomplete or often hollow with complete
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(dorsal) spurs (mucros or cusps) 0.1–2.3 mm, sparsely to densely hairy, rarely glabrous, indehiscent or rarely dehiscent (in M. hispidum). Seeds 1 per mericarp
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tubercle; stamens 2 (–3); anthers brown, 0.3 mm; styles 2-fid or some 3-fid. Achenes 0.75–1 × 0.6–0.85 mm. Tubercles deltoid, 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, 3/5 of to
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in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 86. Mentioned on page 49, 61. Plants 0.2–6 m, not clonal or clonal by layering. Largest medial blades hypostomatous,
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inferior, 1-locular, (2-lobed), carpels connate ± entire length, (equal); placentation parietal; styles 2; stigmas 2. Capsules obscurely 2-beaked, (dehiscent
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commonly exceeding leaves. Pedicels 7–12 mm; bracts lanceolate, 0.5–0.7 mm. Flowers: sepals 2–2.5 (–4) mm, margins entire or erose; petals 6–9 mm, lobes ca
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660, 661. Shrubs, 0.3–2.5 (–5) m. Stems 1–50, fastigiate, suckering and forming ± dense colonies. Leaves half-unfolded; petiole (2–) 4.5–10.5 (–25) mm;
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to long-acuminate, surfaces glabrous. Flowers: staminate: calyx 2 mm, lobes slender, 0.2–1 mm; stamens borne on rim of calyx, nearly sessile or filaments
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dehiscent 1/2 to nearly throughout; sessile. Seeds numerous, in 1 row per locule, obovoid, surface minutely alveolate, but appearing smooth. 2n = 14, 28
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tuberculate, glabrous or sparsely hairy); pappi persistent, ± coroniform (with 0–4 ± prominent teeth). x = 11. e, c North America Species 9 (9 in the flora)
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persistent basal rosettes, (0.3–) 1.5–7 (–8) dm, lengths (1–) 1.5–4 (–5) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not 2-ranked; cauline (0–) 1–6+; primary leaves pinnate
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1–2 (–3) × (0.3–) 0.5–1.5 (–2) mm, base rounded to cuneate, apex rounded to emarginate, glands 3–5 mm (smaller at blade apex). Panicles (5–) 10–25 (–35)
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spikelets with 2 florets; glumes exceeding the florets, lanceolate to linear, membranous; lower glumes enclosing the upper glumes, convex, weakly 2-keeled, with
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Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, aquatic or terrestrial, not viviparous, 0.1–5 dm, glabrous [pubescent]. Stems erect, decumbent, or spreading, simple
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glabrous, veins shortly hairy; lodicules absent or 2 and reduced; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous; styles 2, plumose. Caryopses shorter than the lemmas, concealed
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Pedicels: 0 or 1 (or 2) subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (6–) 8–14 (–17) mm. Flowers: sepals erect or spreading after flowering, (0.3–) 2.1–3.1 (–4.6)
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with 2 (3) florets in all or almost all spikelets, florets usually bisexual, sometimes viviparous; rachillas hairy, usually prolonged more than 0.5 mm
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sometimes lobed or torn at the base, covering the distal 2/3 of the capsule, mostly more than 0.2 mm. Nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions
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stramineous, 0.7–1.4 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes falling with scales, stramineous, ellipsoid, compressedtrigonous, angles prominent (keeled), 0.6–0.65 × 0.4–0.45 mm
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Mentioned on page 648, 649, 654, 655, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661. Shrubs, 0.3–1.2 (–2) m. Stems 1–100, rhizomatous and in scattered colonies. Leaves half-unfolded;
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blade ovate to oblong, 5–33 cm, membranous to slightly leathery, leaflets 0 or 7–17 (–19), usually opposite, rarely alternate, elliptic, ovate, oblong
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1, exceeding tepals, syncarpous, 1– or 2 (–3) -carpellate (functional), (0–) 1–2-carpellate (abortive); ovary 1–2 (–3) -locular; ovule 1 per locule, pendent;
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puberulent. Receptacles shallowly convex, barely pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 6–25, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 15–50, bisexual
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Marsilea quadrifolia, Marsilea vestita Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1099. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754. David M. Johnson Common names: Water-clover pepperwort Etymology:
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oblanceolate, 0.8–5 × 0.05–0.2 cm, sometimes with hyaline basal teeth 0.2–0.4 mm, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces glabrous or scabrid. Inflorescences 2–12 (–25)
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both surfaces; sepals 5, distinct; petals [0 or 4–] 5, distinct; nectary present, lining hypanthium; stamens [2–] 14–22 [–300], connate basally to proximally
7 KB (336 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
accrescent, abaxial 1.5–2.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxial 2.8–3.5 × 0.4–0.8 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse; corolla 8–11 mm (including 1–2.3 mm spur), sparsely glandular-pubescent
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procumbent, to 0.4 m. Leaf-blade divergent, spreading, linear or somewhat wider near middle, mostly straight, flattened or planoconvex, 25–65 × (0.3–) 0.7–1.5 cm
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and 2-fid in same spikelet. Achenes 0.9–1.2 (–1.3) × 0.7–0.9 mm. Tubercles deltoid 0.35–0.5 × (0.4–) 0.5–0.8 mm, 1/3–2/3 as high as wide, 1/3–1/2 as high
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tubercle; stamens 2–3; anthers brown, 0.3 mm; styles 2-fid. Achenes 0.9–1.1 × 0.6–0.8 mm. Tubercles deltoid, 0.25–0.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, 1/2–2/3 as high as wide
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Dennstaedtiaceae genera in the flora). Leaves widely spaced, broadly deltate, 0.5–4.5 m. Petiole glabrous to short-hairy, without prickles, with stem buds near
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Plants in soft, loose tufts, light to dark green or yellow-green. Stems 0.2–3.5 cm; radiculose. Stem-leaves obovate to long-lanceolate; margins entire
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epiphyllous, 0.5–0.8 cm; peduncle inserted at foliar base, 0.3–1 (–2) mm; prophylls inserted at peduncle apex, ovatelanceolate, 2.5–7 × 0.4–2.5 mm, without
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rounded to subcordate, sometimes cuneate, each margin with 0 (–2) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 2–5 (–9) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than 1
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tube 2–3 mm, lobes 3–4 mm; corolla 7–9 mm, tube 4–5 mm, abaxial lobes 3–4 mm, adaxial 2–3 mm. Capsules 2–3 × 1.8–2.2 mm. Seeds 0.4–0.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm. 2n
6 KB (485 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
acanthocarpa var. thornberi (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) F. M. Knuth in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 124. 1935. Donald
10 KB (793 words) - 09:15, 30 July 2020
white, glabrous, anthers longer than wide; carpels 10–200 (–220). Achenes 0.8–2 mm, usually smooth or slightly rugose, sometimes merely roughened. Calif
10 KB (768 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–3.3 × 1.4–2.2 mm. Seeds 15–35, dark or reddish-brown, with blackish, parallel, curved ridges on sides, or smooth, 0.5–0.6 × 0.4–0.5 mm. 2n = 64
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central strand present; pseudoparaphyllia triangular, acute; axillary hairs of 2–4 cells, cells long, 3–6: 1. Stem-leaves appressed (erect when moist in S.
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Arbo, M. M. and S. M. Espert. 2009. Morphology, phylogeny and biogeography of Turnera L. (Turneraceae). Taxon 58: 457–467. Arbo, M. M. and S. M. Mazza
7 KB (405 words) - 11:19, 30 July 2020
Pedicels: (0 or) 1 subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (1–) 5–10 (–15) mm. Flowers: sepals ascending or spreading after flowering, (0.8–) 1.8–2.7 (–4) mm;
7 KB (732 words) - 13:49, 30 July 2020
subtended by 1–7 bracteoles; bracteoles persistent, ovate to lanceolate, 0–1.5 mm, membranous, margins entire or laciniate, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded
12 KB (865 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2020
suborbiculate, 2–6 (–9.5) cm, thin to chartaceous, sometimes subcoriaceous, base cuneate to rounded, truncate, or broadly ovate, lobes 0, or 1–5 (or 6)
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equal to, or longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–1.5 mm; ovary glabrous; stigmas slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.2–1 mm. North America, Eurasia Species 5
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pyramidal, as high as wide or sometimes greatly depressed, (0.1–) 0.25–0.3 × 0.2–0.3 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Fruiting spring–fall. Habitat: Wet soil, fresh
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ovate to longlanceolate, laminal cells usually rhomboid in proximal 1/2–3/4. Seta 0.5–2.5 cm. Capsule stegocarpous, theca ovate to long-cylindric, annulus
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structure, 3.2–12 mm, fleshy, pubescent; anthers 5–7 mm; pistil 4.5–8 × 0.7–1.2 cm (usually 4–5 (–7) times longer than broad); ovary 0.7–1.2 cm; style 5–7
7 KB (483 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
primary-veins in 5–7 pairs. Inflorescence bracts 1, 10–15 mm. Pedicels 0.3–0.4 (–0.7) cm × 1 mm. Flowers (5–) 6–10 cm diam.; sepals lanceolate, (11–) 14–18
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gradually reduced to bracts; sheaths 1.5–10 cm, ligules 2–12 mm; hairs within leaf-sheath 0.2–2 cm; blade 2–41 cm × 1–3 mm. Inflorescences 3–12-flowered, 3–10
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diam. Leaves clustered, erect, 0.4–1 (–1.3) × 0.1–0.3 m. Petiole straw-colored to brown, darker at base, dull, ca. 1/2 length of blade, pubescent with
5 KB (397 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
disciform), (2–5+) in loose to congested, corymbiform arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres hemispheric. Phyllaries persistent, 6–21+ in 2 series (distinct, outer 2–6 ovate
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rather loose clumps; rhizomes pachymorphic, with short necks. Culms 0.5-30 (35) m tall, 0.5-18 (20) cm thick, woody, perennial, usually self-supporting; nodes
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stamens 2 (–3); anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; styles 2-fid or some 3-fid. Achenes 0.75–1 × 0.6–0.8 mm. Tubercles deltoid, 0.2–0.3 × 0.35–0.45 (–0.55) mm, 1/2–3/4as
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trees 1–5 m; stems usually arising singly. Twigs reddish, glabrate, lenticels elliptic, pith tan; bark striate. Leaves: stipules ovate, 0.8–2.5 mm; petiole
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stamens) or, by reduction, 2-merous (4 tepals, 4 stamens); perianth spreading; tepals distinct, white, ovate or triangular, equal, 0.5–5 mm; stamens inserted
9 KB (616 words) - 05:45, 30 July 2020
cliffs, ledges, alluvial woods, roadsides Elevation: 0–300 m Generated Map Legacy Map Que. K. M. Wiegand (1912) considered Amelanchier gaspensis to be
8 KB (738 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
obovate, 3–3.5 × 1.75–2 mm, apex obtuse, erose or notched; lip greenish white, 3-veined, oblong to nearly pandurate, curved, 2–2.5 × 0.75–2.25 mm, apex rounded
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exceeding tubercle; stamens 3; anthers yellow to stramineous, 1.1–2 mm; styles 3-fid, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm. Achenes falling with scales, yellowbrown or dark-brown
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olive, pale green, golden, yellow-green, brown, or yellowbrown. Stems 0.2–1 (–2) cm, weakly to strongly rounded julaceous or short-gemmiform, not or weakly
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proximally rounded to distinct stipelike constriction, 1.6–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, base 0.3–0.4 mm wide; beak 0.1–0.3 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Ont., Que., Ala., Conn
10 KB (1,059 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
supra-alar cells are shorter than the alar cells and in 1 or 2 rows; and the capsules are 0.5–2 mm. None. Brotherella canadensis, Brotherella henonii, Brotherella
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10–15 dm, usually covered with scalelike bracts; racemes cylindrical, dense, 0.5 m; bracts glabrous or puberulent, with 3 prominent purple veins that confluent
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, Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Bog club-moss Etymology: Lycopodium, a genus name, and - ella, diminutive Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Illustrator:
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filaments glabrous, staminode 0; ovary 2-locular or 4-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, clavate, or clavate and slightly 2-lobed. Fruits berries or
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11–16 (–19) mm, base cuneate to rounded, each margin with 0–3 (–6) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 2–6 (–9) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than
8 KB (738 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
(broadly) ovate-triangular, 0.5–1 × 0.4–0.7 cm, glaucous, apex entire or irregularly lobed; bracteoles ovate-triangular, 0.3–2 cm × 4–8 mm, apex entire or
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subsessile, often aromatic, uniform in size or median leaflets largest, (2.5-) 4.3-15 (-17.5) × 0.8-6.5 cm; surfaces usually with nonglandular hairs (simple and/or
10 KB (556 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
translucent); ovules (5–) 14–44 per ovary; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds plump, not winged, oblong or ovoid; seed-coat (minutely reticulate)
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Trees, to 15–30 (–40) m. Bark dark reddish-brown, deeply furrowed and irregularly blocky, not flaking. Leaves deciduous; petiole 0.7–1 cm; blade dark green
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North America Association Plants freestanding or epiphytic or epilithic, 0.1–10 (–18) m. Leaves: petiole 10–20 mm; blade obovate, 7–15 (–23) × 6.4–15 cm, base
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to plane, rarely convex, 0.9–1.2 × 0.55–0.75 mm, apex tapered, smooth or faintly rough at 30X. Tubercles 0.1–0.2 × 0.15 mm. 2n = 10 (Europe). Phenology:
7 KB (780 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
proximally; styles 3, occasionally 2, connate proximally for 1/2 of length, rarely to nearly distinct (D. cordata), filiform, 0.1–0.3 mm, glabrous proximally;
13 KB (701 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
peduncle 0.5–3.6 mm, strigillose. Involucre obconic, 0.9–1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, strigillose to pilose; glands 5, yellow or pink, U-shaped, 0.2–0.3 × 0.4–0.5 mm;
9 KB (614 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–2.5 mm, unequal, mostly chartaceous, sometimes each with herbaceous subapical patch, midnerves evident on proximal 1/2 or throughout
7 KB (641 words) - 22:20, 29 July 2020
filaments expanded basally; anthers blackish purple; pollen yellow; pistils 2.5–3 × 0.7–1 mm; ovules usually 4. Fruits to 22 × 6 mm; beak 5 mm. Phenology: Flowering
5 KB (412 words) - 00:57, 30 July 2020
short-cylindrical, or globose, 0.3–0.5 (–0.6) mm. Pistillate flowers: abaxial nectary (0–) 0.4–0.6 mm, adaxial nectary longer than stipe; stipe 0.2–1.4 mm; ovary obclavate
13 KB (835 words) - 12:25, 30 July 2020
stamens (2–) 3; anthers brown to yellow, 0.3–0.7 (–1) mm; styles 2–3-fid. Achenes 0.9–1.1 (–1.5) × 0.7–1.1 mm. Tubercles depressed, subdeltoid, 0.1–0.3 (–0
8 KB (791 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
node; petiole 0.2–2 (–4) cm, tomentose to floccose; blade linear, oblanceolate, or spatulate to elliptic, (0.2–) 1–10 (–12) × 0.1–0.9 (–1.2) cm, densely
15 KB (1,197 words) - 10:31, 30 July 2020
present. Stems few, very short, less than 0.05 cm; flagelliform shoots may occur at the base of the stem, 0.2–0.5 cm, with 3-ranked, tightly appressed linear
7 KB (288 words) - 06:45, 30 July 2020
Flowers: epicalyx bractlets linear to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 0.2–0.5 (–0.8) mm wide, entire; hypanthium interior usually glabrous, sometimes pilose;
10 KB (847 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
glabrous; beak 0.25–1.9 mm, at least 1/4 length of body, with abaxial suture, margins often serrulate, apex slightly bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex
10 KB (674 words) - 01:51, 30 July 2020
spines (0–) 1–6 (–11) per areole, gray, white, yellow, straw colored, red, reddish-brown, brown, pink to purplish-pink or black, usually of 2–3 distinct
19 KB (1,100 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
stamens 2 (–3); anthers yellow, 0.2–0.3 mm; styles 2-fid or some 3-fid. Achenes 0.7–1 × 0.6–0.9 mm. Tubercles deltoid 0.1–0.2 × 0.25–0.45 mm, 1/3–1/2 as high
6 KB (707 words) - 01:29, 30 July 2020
adaxial nectary longer than stipe; stipe 0–0.6 mm; ovary sparsely to very densely villous; stigmas slenderly cylindrical, 0.3–1.3 mm. North America, Asia Species
3 KB (458 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
Seeds 10–11-winged, 0.8–1.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. Phenology: Flowering (Jul–)Sep–Oct. Habitat: Rice fields, ephemeral ponds Elevation: 0–200 m Generated Map Legacy
6 KB (494 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
triangular-lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.3–0.4 mm; paired bracts subtending each flower persistent, triangular to obtuse, 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.6 mm, basally connate into
7 KB (557 words) - 09:12, 30 July 2020
or oblong-hexagonal. Sexual condition autoicous or rarely dioicous. Seta 0.2–5 cm, not twisted. Capsule cleistocarpous or not, yellowish or reddish to
7 KB (419 words) - 07:33, 30 July 2020
Leaves: blade 0.9–2 × 0.7–2 cm. Flowers yellow-green, green, or reddish purple; pedicels 2 m; sepals 2–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm; petals 1.5–2.5 × 0.5–1 mm; lip 3–4
4 KB (626 words) - 05:27, 30 July 2020
ser. 2, 7: 1–147. Matthews, J. F. and P. A. Levins. 1985. The genus Portulaca in the southeastern United States. Castanea 50: 96–104. Walters, S. M. 1964
12 KB (398 words) - 09:12, 30 July 2020
Heads radiate, borne singly. Calyculi 0. Involucres hemispheric or obconic. Phyllaries persistent, 12–16 in 2–4+ series (distinct, obovate or ovate to
6 KB (467 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
inserted mostly on the lower 1/2 of the culms; sheaths open, upper sheaths sometimes inflated; auricles absent; ligules 0.6-6.5 mm, truncate to acute, membranous
13 KB (1,084 words) - 02:42, 30 July 2020
filaments 2.5–3.5 mm; style 3.5–4.5 mm. Capsules 5-locular, 2–3.5 × 3–5 mm, puberulent, stipitate-glandular. Seeds winged, obovoid, 0.6–1 mm. 2n = 24. Generated
8 KB (657 words) - 13:17, 30 July 2020
to filaments, pollen-sacs 2.5–3.8 mm; style strongly exserted, 9–18 mm. Capsules globular, 4–6 mm. Seeds black, 0.5–0.8 mm. 2n = 26. Phenology: Flowering
7 KB (513 words) - 19:31, 29 July 2020
4–6 (–6.5) × 0.2–0.3 (–0.4) mm, glabrous; anthers 1–1.3 mm; style 6–7 mm, hairy in proximal 1/2, hairs simple, straight. Capsules subglobose, 2.5–4 × 3.5–5
7 KB (500 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
that grow in temperate and adjacent subtropical areas, at elevations from 0-4500 m. The genus is native to Eurasia, the Americas, and Africa, and has been
14 KB (1,269 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
Plants 1.5–3.5 (–4) dm. Leaves erect to spreading, 10–40 × 0.1–0.3 cm; sheaths (4–) 5–8 (–10) × 0.5–0.9 cm. Inflorescences: bracts thin, membranous and whitish
4 KB (443 words) - 05:47, 30 July 2020
of inflorescence). Leaves 1–2 with 1–3 foliaceous bracts; blade 12–40 × 2–8 cm, leathery. Inflorescences to 50 cm; bracts 0.5–1.3 cm. Flowers yellow to
5 KB (514 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
compressed trigonous or some biconvex, 1.5–2.1 × 0.9–1.2 mm, beak 0.2–0.3 × 0.3–0.4 mm. Tubercles 0.25–0.5 × 0.15–0.2 mm. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat:
7 KB (655 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
pedicel oblong-oblanceolate, 1–2 × 0.2–0.5 mm; paired bracts subtending each flower deciduous, triangular, 0.6–1 × 0.5–0.8 mm, distinct. Flowers bisexual
8 KB (612 words) - 09:12, 30 July 2020
whitish gray, narrowly ovoid, 2.4–3.1 × 1.4–1.6 mm, irregularly rugose-tuberculate; caruncle crescent-shaped, 0.3–0.6 × 0.6–0.8 mm. Phenology: Flowering and
8 KB (659 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
usually less than 2 cm; bracts markedly smaller and fewer lobed than leaves. Fruits erect. Seeds crescent-shaped to obpyramidal, 1.5-2.5 × 0.8-1.8 mm, not
6 KB (457 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
woods, calcareous rich slopes, along braided streams, swamps Elevation: 0–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Conn., Del., Fla
7 KB (560 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
Involucres oblong, urceolate, cylindric, or turbinate, 0.5–2 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 2–6 (–9) in ± 1 series (linear, concave, or boatshaped, subequal)
9 KB (638 words) - 23:35, 29 July 2020
entirely axillary; cymes 1–6-flowered. Pedicels erect to spreading or reflexed, 0.1–6 mm, sometimes absent. Flowers open, semi-open, or closed; tepals ± monomorphic
11 KB (812 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
completely adnate to ovary or adnate to ovary proximally, free distally; sepals 0; petals (4–) 5 (–7), usually connate basally, sometimes distinct, valvate,
7 KB (331 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
or 1–3 times bifurcate; cincinni 2–3, 2–10 (–18) -flowered, scarcely circinate, 3–15 cm; floral shoots 2–25 × 0.1–0.4 (–0.6) cm; leaves 5–20, ascending,
9 KB (768 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
distinctly clawed; sepals not ridged abaxially, 3.5–10.4 × 0.9–2.2 cm; petals 3.4–10.2 × 0.9–2.5 cm; stamens moderately to strongly exserted; filaments moderately
12 KB (1,011 words) - 05:44, 30 July 2020
Chlorogalum (F. Speta 1998; M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests
9 KB (519 words) - 05:59, 30 July 2020
perichaetial inner leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-subulate. Seta (0.1–) 0.2–1.2 cm. Capsule cylindric, oblong, or globose; exostome teeth lanceolate
8 KB (579 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
somewhat larger. Seta 0.1–1.3 cm. Capsule stegocarpic or cleistocarpic; theca elliptical to short-ovate or cylindric, 1–2.2 mm, annulus in ca. 2 rows of persistent
18 KB (1,487 words) - 07:02, 30 July 2020
narrow-elliptic (rhombic) or lanceolate-elliptic to widely elliptic, 0.8–3 × 0.4–1.5 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth
6 KB (560 words) - 13:12, 30 July 2020
surface. Pedicels 0–1.4 mm. Flowers funnel-shaped to almost rotate; petals lanceolate, lanceolate-oblong, or ovate, 2–3 mm; anthers 0.5 mm. Pseudodrupes
6 KB (522 words) - 18:34, 29 July 2020
distinct, white to blue, yellow, or red, oblong to rounded or spatulate blade, 0-30 mm, base backward-pointing tubular spur, apex plane; nectary in ± enlarged
12 KB (514 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate, ovate, obtuse, entire, with subapical tooth on each side; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments lanate; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular
7 KB (403 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
compressed, in 1-2 (4) rows, with 2 florets, lower or upper glumes adjacent to the branch axes. Glumes not saccate basally; lower glumes usually 1/5 – 2/3 as long
18 KB (1,245 words) - 04:10, 30 July 2020
stamens nearly as long as petals; filaments linear, 0.2–0.3 mm, glabrous; anthers white, dumbbell-shaped, 0.2–0.3 mm (broader than long), apex with U-shaped depression
9 KB (577 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020