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ornamented (usually cristate or rugose). Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose

elliptic in outline, leaflets 3–15(–41); petals oblanceolate or obovate to obcordate to nearly round, rarely elliptic; carpels 3–260. Potentilla 12 Plants often

subglobose, orbicular, suborbicular, ellipsoid, elliptic, lanceolate, obcordate, obdeltate, oblong, obpyriform, ovate, ovoid, or obovoid, not torulose

usually fading orange, reddish orange, yellow, or yellowish white, usually obcordate to obovate, sometimes rhombic, elliptic, or rhombic-ovate; stigma deeply

sometimes solitary. Oxalis intermedia 14 Leaflets obtriangular to obcordate, rounded-obcordate, obreniform, or obdeltate, lobes apically rounded to convex or

adaxially; petals (rarely 4–) 5, yellowish, hooded, broadly obovate to obcordate, clawed; nectary thin, lining hypanthium; stamens (rarely 4–) 5; ovary

reddish, reddish orange, or white, oblanceolate or obovate to most commonly obcordate to nearly round, rarely elliptic (sect. Pentaphylloides); stamens (5–)

yellow, orange, pale-pink, or pale-purple, suborbiculate to rhombic or obcordate; stigma usually yellow to yellow-green, blue-black in O. capillifolia subsp

multifoliolata), linear or narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, sometimes obcordate; stamens 5–20 (–40), usually shorter than petals; filaments not forming

indusia lacking. Spores green, all alike. Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to elongate. Nearly worldwide, temperate and tropical regions Osmundaceae

5-merous; hypanthium 2–6 mm diam.; petals pale to bright-yellow, narrowly or ± obcordate, rarely broadly obovate, (2–) 3–7 (–8) mm, longer than sepals, apex usually

sepals separatingin pairs or individually; petals white, fading pink, obcordate to obovate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules straight

basally; petals white, lavender, orange, or yellow, obovate to spatulate, obcordate, or oblanceolate, (much longer than sepals), claw differentiated from blade

deltate (abaxially hairy). Cypselae (brownish) ± compressed, obovate to obcordate (margins usually ± winged, usually ± ciliate, faces glabrous or strigose);

basally, aging or drying pink or lilac), obovate, obovate-cuneate, or obcordate, 8–16 mm, 1–1.5 times as long as wide, 1.25–2.1 times longer than sepals

obovate-spatulate, 7–18 mm, apex usually emarginate, sometimes truncate or obcordate; filaments 2–7 mm; anthers usually cream or yellow, sometimes dark-pink

usually rose-purple to white, rarely cream-yellow or orange-red, usually obcordate or broadly obovate, emarginate; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series with episepalous

subtending stamens, or 4 and 1 on each side of stamen. Fruits sessile, obcordate, obovate, obdeltate, elliptical, or oblong, smooth, strongly angustiseptate

sinuses, sometimes with distinct margin between erect teeth > 12 9 Tepals obcordate to 2-lobed apically > 10 9 Tepals entire apically > 11 10 Tepals not denticulate

(rarely indehiscent), sessile, didymous, oblong, ovate, obovate, cordate, obcordate, elliptic, orbicular, ovoid, obovoid, or globose, strongly angustiseptate

or cream, sometimes drying yellowish, linear or cuneate to obovate or obcordate, apex usually acute to rounded to emarginate, sometimes truncate, rarely

viscidia within single 2-lobed bursicle; stigma flat, narrowly reniform to obcordate, ends flanking bursicle. Fruits capsules. North America Species 1. None

elaborately ornamented surface. Gametophyte borne aboveground, green, obcordate to elongate. Nearly worldwide in tropical to subtropical regions Genera

pollen mass; viscidia within single 2-lobed bursicle; stigma reniform or obcordate, concave with median ridge, hidden behind bursicle. Fruits capsules, ascending

erect or spreading; floral-tube curved upward, 12–50 mm; petals broadly obcordate, sometimes shallowly so. Capsules usually straight, sometimes curved upward

claw, apex obtuse; filaments 2–7.5 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm. Fruits obovate, obcordate, obdeltate, or elliptic, 2.5–16 × 1.5–9 mm, usually winged, rarely not

distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–6 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (2.5–) 3.5–7 (–9) mm, longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens

suffused with pink or purple, or purple-veined, obovate, orbiculate, ovate, obcordate, obdeltate, spatulate, suborbiculate, elliptic, or oblong; stamens [10–]

or tinged with red and with brown or white callous at apex, obovate to obcordate, 2–6 × 1–4.5 cm, apex rounded or emarginate. Flowers: hypanthium appressed-hairy;

filiform lobes; leaflets 5–10 per side, ± overlapping, obovate to broadly obcordate, 5–15 (–25) × 5–20 mm, ± as wide as long, divided 3/4+ to midrib into (0–)

individually or in pairs; petals white, fading rose-purple to pink, obovate or obcordate; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules

spatulate, tubular or strongly revolute; lip strongly arcuate-recurved, obcordate, oblong-flabellate, or suborbiculate, base broadly cuneate, slightly auriculate

centrally white with purple or maroon veins, middle lobe white, rectangular to obcordate, 4–6 × 6–11 mm, margins undulate, lateral lobes incurved, obtuse to broadly

apical or parietal). Fruits sessile, ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic [obcordate, rarely globose], usually strongly flattened, latiseptate, rarely inflated;

pale-pink or lavender, or orangish pink or yellow, or not changing color, obcordate to obovate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules leathery

spreading; floral-tube straight, (15–) 22–135 (–160) mm; petals obovate or obcordate. Capsules usually straight, rarely curved (O. argillicola), narrowly lanceoloid

[prostrate]. Flowers: buds erect; floral-tube straight, 5–130 mm; petals obcordate to obovate. Capsules straight, cylindrical or ovoid, narrowed at both ends

outer larger, triangular-ovate, apex obtuse; petals erect, obovate or obcordate, 3–4 mm, apex erose to apiculate, spreading; stamens 1–2 mm, included;

spatulate, claw well-differentiated from blade, (apex slightly emarginate to obcordate); stamens in 3 unequal pairs, (adaxial pair sterile); filaments not dilated

pale-pink, 8–30 mm, limb white to pink, 6–10 mm diam. Fruits obovate to obcordate in profile, 6–10 × 5–7 mm, scarious, apex low and broadly conic; wings

5-merous; hypanthium (3–) 3.5–6 (–8) mm diam.; petals bright-yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca

5-merous; hypanthium (1.8–) 2.5–7 mm diam.; petals pale-yellow to yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 (–15) mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens 15–30; styles

drying purple to lavender or purplish brown, obovate with acute apex or obcordate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules leathery or woody

side of lateral stamen. Fruits sessile, (winged), suborbicular or ovate [obcordate], not torulose, keeled, strongly angustiseptate; valves not veined, (winged)

mm; anthers blue, 0.75–1 mm; styles 1.4–2.5 mm; pedicel 5–8 mm. Capsules obcordate, 3–8 × 8–10 mm. Seeds whitish brown, 4–6 mm. 2n = 34. Phenology: Flowering

margins entire, apex acuminate to rounded, mucronate, rarely notched or obcordate; surfaces abaxially very pale, sometimes silvery, glabrous to pilose, adaxially

than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–7 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 mm, usually longer than sepals, retuse; stamens 20–25; styles

with red-violet loops (continuous or discontinuous), dashes, and spots, obcordate, shallowly 3-lobed, 7–11 × 9.5–14 mm, widest at middle; lateral lobes slightly

perianth lobes usually less than twice length of perianth tube; anthers obcordate, 3–6 mm. Brodiaea appendiculata 6 Filaments without appendages at base

5-merous; hypanthium 2–6 mm diam.; petals yellow, narrowly to broadly obcordate, (3.5–) 4–10 (–12) mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse;

5-merous; hypanthium 2–7 mm diam.; petals pale to dark yellow, mostly ± obcordate (to orbiculate in P. elegans), (2–) 3–10 (–12) mm, usually longer than

length 0.6–0.7 (–0.8) times wings, lobe base without folds; wings narrowly obcordate, notched 0.2 times whole length; throat slightly angled to tube, longer

pink, primary-veins 3, veins often dark-pink near base of blade, apex obcordate. Seeds shield-shaped, 0.8–1.3 mm, tuberculate. 2n = 30, 60 (both Europe)

6–9 × 3–4 mm, awned; lip often magenta to red-spotted, suborbiculate to obcordate, 8–12 × 8–12 mm, shallowly 3-lobed or entire, tip of middle lobe apiculate;

cm; leaflets 3, green to purplish abaxially, green adaxially, rounded-obcordate, 18–20 mm, margins densely loosely ciliate, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, lobes

with red splotches in irregular medial band adaxially, obtriangular to obcordate, (6–) 14–34 mm, lobed 1/4–4/5 length, lobes apically convex to nearly truncate

oblong, 5–7 mm; petals (yellow to purplish), spatulate, 8–12 mm. Fruits obcordate, angustiseptate, somewhat inflated, (not bladdery), 5–7 × 6–9 mm, (papery

stamen, median glands absent. Fruits silicles, sessile, oblong, obovate, obcordate, or suborbicular, (apex often notched), keeled, strongly angustiseptate;

to greenish, ovate, 7–12 × 4–5 mm, somewhat narrowed at base; gland 1, obcordate; pedicel erect at anthesis, 1–2.3 cm, bracts often tinged with purple or

stamen, median glands absent. Fruits (often divaricate), sessile, broadly obcordate to suborbicular, slightly keeled, angustiseptate (strongly compressed)

spreading to erect, broadly lanceolate to ovate; petals 5, yellow, narrowly obcordate to obovate, ± equal to or shorter than sepals; stamens 20, 25, or 30, shorter

5, erect, straight, triangular-lanceolate; petals 5, distinct, yellow, obcordate to obovate, oblong-obovate, or obovate-cuneate, 20–45 mm, glabrous, corolla

Sandcarpet Etymology: Greek kardio, heart, and nema, thread, alluding to the obcordate anthers and slender filaments Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment

hypanthium 1.5–5 (–7) mm diam.; petals usually bright-yellow, rarely cream, ± obcordate or obovate to round, (2–) 4–9 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex

not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obo­vate or obcordate, 15–44 mm; filaments 8–15 mm, anthers 5–14 mm; style 35–60 mm, stigma exserted

deep rose-purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–) 20–50 (–60) mm; filaments (6–) 10–30 (–35) mm, anthers (6–) 9–17

included within tepals, sides exerted in mature fruit, greenish stramineous, obcordate, 1.3–1.7 mm, apex retuse. Seeds lenticular, 0.9–1.1 mm. Phenology: Flowering

pink or rose-purple, fading darker, rarely white, fading pink, obovate to obcordate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules hard and leathery

not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, (10–) 15–25 (–40) mm; filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 3–10 mm; style 25–55

surface densely pubescent; petals usually orange-red, very rarely white, obcordate, 8–17 × 5–9.5 mm, apical notch 2–3 mm; filaments light orange-red to white

5-merous; hypanthium 4–6 mm diam.; petals dark reddish to reddish orange, ± obcordate, (3.5–) 5–10 mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens 20–30;

5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–10 mm diam.; petals pale to bright-yellow, obovate to obcordate, (2–) 3–5 (–10.5) mm, +- equal to or longer, sometimes shorter, than sepals

5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–6 mm diam.; petals pale-yellow or yellow, usually ± obcordate, (2–) 3–7 mm, equal to or distinctly longer than sepals, apex usually ±

basally; petals purple, lavender, or white, broadly obovate [narrowly obcordate], claw obscurely to considerably differentiated from blade ([shorter than]

rarely white, (much longer than sepals), oblanceolate [broadly obovate or obcordate], claw strongly differentiated from blade, (apex obtuse [emarginate]);

to rachis, (4–) 5–9 (–12) mm. Flowers: sepals 2–2.5 mm; petals narrowly obcordate, (4–) 5–6.5 (–8) mm (lobes oblong, (1–) 1.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 mm); filaments

lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually white, rarely yellow, obcordate, apex deeply 2-fid; stamens tetradynamous; filaments: median pair flattened

orbiculate, 2–2.5 mm; stamens 15, filaments 1.2–1.8 mm, anthers purple, broadly obcordate to pouch-shaped, 0.3–0.4 mm; carpels 1, styles 2–3 mm. Achenes mottled

acute; petals nearly white abaxially, pale-yellow adaxially, narrowly obcordate, 3–6 (–8) × 2.5–5 mm; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; carpels 4–12

lanceolate to linear, 6–10 (–13) mm. Fruits (sessile or substipitate), broadly obcordate, obdeltate, or obcompressed, slightly compressed (angustiseptate), 3–5

pairs; petals white, fading lavender to pink [or deep purple], obovate to obcordate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules hard and leathery

sepals separating in pairs or individually; petals white, fading pink, obcordate to obovate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules straight

3–5 mm, apex acute; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, ± obcordate, 3–7 × 2–5 mm; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; carpels 5–15, styles

equal or subequal; filaments lanceolate; anthers basifixed, 1-locular, obcordate-reniform; pollen-sacs apically confluent, extrorse, opening into peltate

lateral, 1 on each side of lateral stamen (when 4). Fruits sessile, usually obcordate, rarely obovate, (apex emarginate), strongly angustiseptate; valves keeled

apex acute or acuminate; petals lemon yellow, oblanceolate or narrowly obcordate, 7–11 mm; stamens 2–8 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; staminodia present; styles

individually or in pairs; petals intensely yellow, fading deep salmon red, obcordate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules moderately thin and

then erect just before anthesis, 15–50 mm; petals broadly obovate to obcordate. Capsules usually straight, sometimes curved upward, cylindrical, sometimes

distal. Flowers: 5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–5 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (4–) 5–10 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles

15–30 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obcordate, 15–35 (–40) mm; filaments 10–17 mm, anthers 5–10 mm; style 30–60 mm, stigma

auricles free; petiole 1–5 cm; leaflets 3, green or bronze-purple to maroon, obcordate, (4–) 6–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, margins often prominently villous-ciliate

Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–5 mm diam.; petals yellow, obovate to cuneate-obcordate, (2–) 2.5–7 (–8) mm, slightly shorter to ± longer than sepals, apex rounded

distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; petals white, usually obcordate, 4–7 mm, equal to or slightly longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse;

1–2 mm; sepals separating in pairs; petals bright-yellow, fading pink, obcordate to obovate; stigma shallowly divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules hard

pairs; petals deep yellow, fading reddish orange to purple, drying purple, obcordate to obovate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules hard, woody

erect; floral-tube straight, [55–] 100–165 (–190) mm; petals obovate to obcordate. Capsules straight, cylindrical to narrowly lanceoloid, subterete, [3–]

obtuse; filaments 1.2–2 mm; anthers 0.2–0.4 mm. Fruits obovate or narrowly obcordate, 5–7.5 × 3.7–5.5 mm, base cuneate, apex shallowly emarginate, notch to

distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–4.5 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, 3.5–6.5 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical

Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 5–9 mm diam.; petals pale [to bright] yellow, obcordate, (4–) 7–10 (–13) mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse, rarely

Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–2.5 mm diam.; petals pale-yellow to yellow, ± obcordate, 6–10 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical

5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–4.5 mm diam.; petals white, broadly obovate to obcordate or nearly round, (3–) 4–6 mm, longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse;

mm, base not triangular, with 2 threadlike, forked appendages; anthers obcordate, 3–6 mm, apex hooked; staminodia erect, usually white, narrowly linear

ovate to elliptic, 12–16 × 7–9 mm, somewhat narrowed at base; gland 1, obcordate, thick; pedicel recurved at anthesis, erect in fruit, bracts often tinged

clustered at rhizome tips; petiole 15–30 cm; leaflets 3, green, broadly obcordate, 20–40 (–60) mm, lobed 1/6–1/4 length, lobes apically convex, surfaces

not triangular, with narrow abaxial wings, appendages absent; anthers ± obcordate, 2–3 mm, apex notched into wide V; staminodia erect, held close to stamens

6–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy; petals cream, aging or drying lilac, obcordate, 12–15 mm, 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide (apex recurved), sparsely hairy

orange, brown-orange, copper, or bronze, color often deepening at base, obcordate or emarginate, 7–12 × 4–5.5 mm; stamens 25–35; stigmas 4–7 (–8). Capsules

or purplish, 2.5–4.5 mm; petals white to pink or red-veined, narrowly obcordate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, apex truncate or emarginate; filaments 0.5–1.7 × 0.2–0.5

petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading orange or pale-yellow, very broadly obcordate, 7–20 mm; filaments 7–15 mm, anthers 4–10 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style

than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 3–5 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, 4–8 mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles

petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading orange or pale-yellow, very broadly obcordate, (25–) 30–47 (–55) mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 8–23 mm, pollen 90–100%

3–6 × 3–4 mm, somewhat narrowed at base, apex broadly rounded; gland 1, obcordate, thick; pedicel ascending at anthesis, 1–1.5 cm, bracts often streaked

pale-pink or yellow, veins rose), cuneate to obovate, 12–18 mm (apex sometimes obcordate); filaments 5 mm; anthers cream, yellow, dark-pink, orange-red, or nearly

sparsely to densely villous, hairs rusty; leaflets 3, green, broadly obcordate, 10–30 (–40) mm, lobed 1/5–1/4 length, lobes apically convex, surfaces

maroon tinge; sepals erect-spreading, 6–11 mm; petals spreading, yellow, obcordate-obdeltate to nearly orbiculate, 9–13 mm, longer than sepals, apex broadly

hypanthium green; sepals spreading, 4–7 mm; petals spreading, yellow, obcordate, nearly orbiculate, or broadly ovate, 9–13 mm, nearly 2 times sepals, apex

× 1.5–3 mm, somewhat narrowed at base, apex narrowly obtuse; gland 1, obcordate, thick; pedicel recurved at anthesis, 1.5–2 cm, bracts often tinged with

flower, erect in fruit, 6–10 mm; petals spreading, yellow, orbiculate to obcordate, 9–16 mm, longer than sepals, apex emarginate. Fruiting tori sessile, glabrous

Petals obovate; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 4.5–7 mm. Linum aristatum 24 Petals obcordate; stamens 4–5 mm; styles 3–4 mm. Linum lundellii 23 Sepals lanceolate to

hairs septate and nonseptate; leaflets 3, light green to yellowish green, obcordate, (8–) 10–20 (–30) mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces glabrous, oxalate

spreading, oblong-linear, 2.9–4.6 × 1–1.9 mm; petals spreading, pale-yellow, obcordate to broadly obovate, (5–) 6–9 × 1.5–4.5 mm, claw bright-yellow, 1.6–2.8

dentate, major teeth acute to obtuse or rounded, apex often retuse or obcordate, or occasionally rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent

5–6 (–8) mm; petals obovate to oblanceolate, (5–) 7–8.5 (–10) mm. Fruits obcordate to truncate or obcompressed, slightly compressed (angustiseptate, inflated

5 × 1–2 mm, margins strongly revolute; lip strongly arcuate-recurved, obcordate to broadly cuneate or oblong-flabellate, base obsoletely auriculate, apex

petiole 2–5 (–7) cm; leaflets 3, green, sometimes purplish abaxially, obcordate, 6–10 (–15) mm, lobed 1/4 length, lobes apically convex, surfaces glabrous

4 (–5), green to purplish abaxially, green adaxially, obtriangular to obcordate, 5–22 mm, lobed 1/5–1/2 length, lobes apically rounded, surfaces glabrous

glandular-puberulent; leaflets 3, green to purplish abaxially, green adaxially, obcordate, (12–) 30–60 mm, lobed 1/6–1/3 length, lobes apically convex, often fleshy

Leaves cauline; stipules rudimentary; petiole 1.5–6 cm; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 5–12 mm, lobed 1/5 length, lobes apically convex, surfaces glabrous, oxalate

petiole (2–) 3–5 (–6) cm, hairs septate and nonseptate; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, (8–) 10–16 (–20) mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, margins green, surfaces glabrous

spreading and recurved, slightly longer than those of inner whorl, broadly obcordate, slightly erose or at least wavy and rounded apically, those of inner whorl

spreading, 2 times longer than those of inner whorl, rounded or slightly obcordate apically, those of inner whorl erect, narrower, fimbriate apically; stamens

glandular puberulent to subglabrous; petals rose-purple to pale-pink, obcordate, 3.5–6 (–7) ×2–4 mm, apical notch 0.5–1 mm; filaments cream, those of longer

distally), apex usually rounded to obtuse, occasionally slightly retuse or obcordate proximally, bluntly mucronate, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein

glandular puberulent and strigillose; petals dark-pink to rose-purple, obcordate, (3–) 5–7 × (2–) 3–4.5 mm, apical notch 1–2.5 mm; filaments pale-pink,

base inside; sepals (5–) 8.5–14 ×1.8–2.9 mm; petals pink to rose-purple, obcordate, (12–) 15–26 × (7–) 9–14.6 mm, apical notch 2.5–7.2 mm; filaments cream

purplish green, 5–10.5 × 2–3.5 mm, apex acute; petals pink to rose-purple, obcordate, 10–22.5 × 9.5–15.5 mm, apical notch 2–6.5 mm; filaments cream, those of

glandular; petals usually pink to rose-purple, rarely white, narrowly obcordate, (1.7–) 2.5–6.5 (–8) × 1.6–3.5 mm, apical notch 0.5–1.2 mm; filaments cream

surface strigillose; petals usually white, rarely pink, 2–9 × 1.8–5 mm, obcordate, apical notch 0.6–1.6 mm; filaments cream or white, those of longer stamens

pubescent abaxially; tepals connate 2/3 their length, monomorphic, obovate, obcordate to 2-lobed apically, sometimes slightly irregular but not distinctly erose;

apiculate, abaxial surface densely strigillose; petals cream to light yellow, obcordate, 5–9.3 × 2–3.8 mm, slightly unequal with upper 2 longer, apical notch 1–2

abaxial surface strigillose and glandular puber­ulent; petals rose-purple, obcordate, 7.5–10 × 4–5.5 mm, apical notch 2.7–4.2 mm; filaments light pink, those

surface villous and glan­dular puberulent; petals light to dark-pink, obcordate, 4–6 × 2–3 mm, apical notch 1–1.5 mm; filaments pink, those of longer stamens

densely pubescent; petals bright pink to rose-purple, rarely white, broadly obcordate, 9–20 × 7–15 mm, apical notch 1–3 mm; filaments white or pink, those of

lanceolate, 2.6–4.2 × 0.9–1.3 mm, apex acute; petals deep rose-purple, obcordate, 5–7.2 × 3.2–4.1 mm, apical notch 2–3 mm; filaments cream or white, those

basal; petiole 10–25 cm; leaflets 3, green to yellowish green, rounded-obcordate, 17–40 (–50) mm, lobed 1/6–1/5 length, lobes apically convex, adaxial surface

petiole 1.5–15 cm, sparsely villous or glabrous; leaflets 3, green, rounded-obcordate, 4–18 mm, lobed 1/6–1/5 length, lobes apically convex to nearly truncate

Leaves basal; petiole (6–) 10–25 cm; leaflets 3, green, obtriangular to obcordate, (15–) 25–40 mm, lobed 1/5–1/2 length, lobes apically rounded, surfaces

auricles absent; petiole 3–8 cm, hairs nonseptate; leaflets 3, gray-green, obcordate, 8–15 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces sparsely strigose, oxalate deposits

absent; petiole 5–7.5 cm, hairs septate and nonseptate; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 5–25 (–30) mm, lobed 1/5 length, lobes apically usually rounded, rarely

glandular-toothed, apex acute; petals lemon yellow, oblanceolate to narrowly obcordate, 2.5–6 mm; stamens 2–5 mm; anthers 0.3–0.7 mm; staminodia usually present

acuminate; petals yellow to orange salmon, faintly maroon banded near base, obcordate, 7–12 mm; stamens 4–5 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm; staminodia absent; styles connate

petiole (2.5–) 3–9 cm, villous, hairs reddish; leaflets 3, green, broadly obcordate, 10–16 (–20) mm, lobed 1/5 length, lobes apically convex, surfaces glabrous

cm; leaflets 3, green, rarely mottled with purplish red spots, angular-obcordate, (5–) 7–20 mm, lobed 1/4–2/5 length, lobes apically convex, margins and

primary-veins 3, at least center vein darkly colored near base of blade, apex obcordate or 2-fid. Seeds shield-shaped, (1.3–) 1.5–1.8 mm, tuberculate. 2n = 60

not puberulent, minutely glandular. Flowers: petals broadly obovate to obcordate, 5–7.5 × 4–6 mm; filaments 2–3 mm. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat:

(3–) 5–6 veins darkly colored near base of blade, apex 2-fid, sometimes obcordate. Seeds helmet-shaped, 1–1.4 mm, covered with conical papillae. 2n = 30

rudimentary; petiole 4–7.5 cm, hairs septate and nonseptate; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, (12–) 20–30 (–35) mm, lobed 1/5 length, lobes apically truncate, margins

cluster. The coastal group had larger flowers, petals ca. 14.7–16 mm, obcordate, completely dark yellow- to yellow-centered (the yellow extending from

sometimes obscure, gland. > 2 2 Perianth partly perigynous, tepal gland obcordate. > 3 2 Perianth hypogynous, tepal gland obovate or obscure. > 6 3 Perianth

wing along one adaxial margin, surfaces beaded. > 15 15 Petals obovate or obcordate; capsules winged, wings oblong to triangular, confined to distal 1/2–2/3

rounded. > 7 7 Leaf blade obovate to ±orbiculate, apex rounded to retuse or obcordate; moderately large introduced trees naturalized in ne United States, adjacent

and one sometimes finds on the same plant fruits ranging from broadly obcordate to panduriform. Finally, the plants occupy a wide array of habitats; they

hairs nonseptate; leaflets 3, glaucous and gray-green to yellowish green, obcordate, 5–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces glabrous to loosely strigose to

oblanceolate, 6.8–9.8 mm. Fruits (usually pendent), slightly didymous apically, obcordate, slightly inflated, 4–7 × 3–6 mm, (papery, basal sinus absent, apical sinus

mm, apex ± acute; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, ± obcordate, 3–6 × 2–5 mm; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; carpels ca. 20, styles

3-nerved. Leaves basal; petiole 7–15 cm; leaflets 3, green, obtriangular-obcordate, 11–25 mm, lobed 1/6–1/3 length, lobes apically rounded to shallowly convex

mm; petals yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or obcordate, 5–22 mm; filaments 3–14 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style

sepals 20–30 mm, not spotted; petals white, fading pink, broadly obovate or obcordate,15–30 mm; filaments 15–18 mm, anthers 8–10 mm; style 35–45 mm, stigma exserted

stipules rudimentary; petiole 2–5 cm, hairs nonseptate; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 4–11 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, abaxial surface sparsely strigose, adaxial

apex broadly acute; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, ± obcordate to broadly obovate, (2–) 3–4 × 2–3 mm; filaments 1–1.5 mm, anthers 0.3–0

apex acute; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, narrowly obcordate, (3–) 4–7 (–8) × 3–5 mm; filaments 2–4 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; carpels 10–25

mm, apex ± acute; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–7 × 3–6 mm; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; carpels 5–20

mm; sepals 25–30 mm; petals intensely yellow, fading deep salmon red, obcordate, 25–38 mm; filaments 17–23 mm, anthers 7–10 mm; style 44–65 (–80) mm, stigma

yellow, fading orange or reddish tinged, broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 13–25 mm; filaments 10–17 mm, anthers 4–5 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 25–40 mm; filaments 12–22 mm, anthers 4–11 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

1–2 mm; sepals 10–20 mm; petals white, fading pink, ovate or shallowly obcordate, 10–15 (–20) mm; filaments 10–15 mm, anthers 4–7 mm; style 17–42 mm, stigma

(6–) 6.5–11 (–13) × (1.5–) 2–4 (–5) mm. Fruits often winged, obovate to obcordate, 7–12 (–16) × (4–) 4.5–6 (–9) mm, 1–2 times as long as wide, apex truncate

auricles absent; petiole 1–4 cm, hairs nonseptate; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, (4–) 6–15 (–21) mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, abaxial surface sparsely strigillose

proximally), base cuneate, margins entire, apex rounded to emarginate or obcordate, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate. Cyathial arrangement: terminal pleiochasial

mm, apex obtuse; petals ± paler abaxially, bright-yellow adaxially, ± obcordate, 3–7 × 2.5–4 mm; filaments 1.3–2 mm, anthers 0.5 mm; carpels 5–12, styles

free portions, apical auricles absent; petiole 2–7 cm; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 3.5–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces usually strigose-hirsute, sometimes

sepals 5–12 mm; petals yellow, fading orange, broadly obovate or shallowly obcordate, 6–15 mm; filaments 4–12 mm, anthers 3–4 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style

without free tips; sepals 1.5–2 mm; petals bright-yellow, fading pink, obcordate to obovate, 3–5 (–7) mm; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; style 1–2

mm, mouth glabrous; sepals 15–30 mm; petals white, fading pink, usually obcordate, sometimes obovate, (15–) 20–35 (–40) mm; filaments 11–17 mm, anthers 6–10

hairs nonseptate; leaflets 3, glaucous and gray-green to yellowish green, obcordate, 5–10 (–15) mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces glabrous to loosely strigose

free portions, apical auricles absent; petiole 2–7 cm; leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 3–8 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, surfaces usually sparsely strigose-hirsute

3-nerved; petals yellowish orange to salmon, with maroon or reddish base, obcordate or broadly obovate, 9–15 mm; stamens 4–7 mm; anthers 0.6–1.4 mm; staminodia

often with purplish, lateral band across lobes of each leaflet, rounded-obcordate to obreniform, (5–) 8–15 (–20) mm, lobed 1/4–1/3 length, lobes apically

Pedicels 2–7 (–10) mm, puberulent, eglandular. Flowers: petals broadly obcordate, (3.5–) 5–8 × (4–) 5–8 mm; filaments 2–3 mm. Phenology: Flowering summer

petals usually white, rarely pink, broadly deltate to broadly obovate, obcordate, or broadly obovate, (1.3–) 1.6–2.9 × (1.5–) 2.2–4 mm; apical notch 1/3

floral-tube 15–35 mm; sepals3–11 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 4.5–16 mm; filaments 4–11 mm, anthers 2–5.5 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

floral-tube 25–50 mm; sepals 20–30 mm; petals yellow, very broadly obovate or obcordate, 25–45 mm; filaments 10–23 mm, anthers 4–12 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile;

scattered small, maroon spots; petals white, fading pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 15–30 mm; filaments 14–16 mm, anthers 6–8 mm; style 40–50 mm, stigma exserted

pairs of unequal length. Streptanthus 9 Ovaries and young fruits ovate, obcordate, or suborbicular; ovules 2 or 4 per ovary; stamens tetradynamous > 10 10

5–2.7 (–4.2) mm. Fruits winged or, occasionally, not winged, obovate to obcordate, (2.5–) 5–8 (–12) × (1.5–) 2.6–4.5 (–6.6) mm, 1–2 times as long as wide

pale-yellow, fading pale-yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate or obovate, 25–42 mm; filaments 20–27 mm, anthers 9–13 mm, pollen 90–100%

sepals 5–25 mm; petals yellow, fading reddish orange, broadly obovate to obcordate, 5–25 (–35) mm; filaments 6–18 mm, anthers (2–) 3–9 mm, pollen ca. 50%

acuminate, abaxial surface densely strigillose; petals pink to rose-purple, obcordate, 16–20 × 13–16 mm, apical notch 3.4–5.5 mm; filaments light pink, those

petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading orange or pale-yellow, very broadly obcordate, 28–65 mm; filaments 20–40 mm, anthers 14–20 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

sepals (7–) 12–25 (–30) mm; petals yellow, fading reddish orange to purple, obcordate to obovate, (6–) 13–35 (–40) mm; filaments 6–16 mm, anthers 3–10 mm; style

pale-yellow, fading yellowish white and somewhat translucent, very broadly obcordate, 35–50 mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 10–12 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate, 14–25 (–30) mm; filaments 10–25 mm, anthers 4–10 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

petals yellow, fading orange, pale-yellow and somewhat opaque, very broadly obcordate, 13–23 mm, conspicuously shorter than sepals; filaments 12–20 mm, anthers

long hair; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 16–26 (–36) mm; filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 7–9 mm; style 45–50 mm, stigma

acute to acuminate; petals white, broadly spatulate to broadly obovate or obcordate, 4–7 mm; stamens 20, filaments filiform, 1.5–3 mm, anthers white to cream

petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading pale yellowish white, very broadly obcordate or obovate, (25–) 30–45 mm; filaments 18–27 mm, anthers 10–15 mm, pollen

throughout, 30–55 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or pale-yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm; filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

reddish or purplish, 2–4 mm; petals white to pink or red-veined, narrowly obcordate, 3–4.5 (–7) × 2–3 mm, apex ± emarginate; filaments 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm

yellow, fading deep reddish orange, broadly obovate with truncate apex, or obcordate, 30–55 mm; filaments 18–35 mm, anthers 10–19 mm; style 140–235 mm, stigma

recognized Stellariopsis at the generic level primarily on the basis of the obcordate anthers, which apparently open by terminal pores, as well as the single

sheaths 1.5-3 times as long as wide, usually 3-9 mm; petals with apex obcordate or 2-fid, dark-colored veins 1-6 > 3 3 Seeds (1.3-)1.5-1.8 mm, shield-shaped

sect. Rubrae (Rydberg) O. Stevens are similarly colored but more or less obcordate and longer than the sepals, and the plants are otherwise typical of that

pinnatifid and canescent leaves, spreading fruiting pedicels, and broadly obcordate fruits. Rollins, R. C. 1941b. A revision of Lyrocarpa. Contr. Dudley Herb

pale-yellow, fading pale-yellow to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate, 8–15 (–20) mm; filaments 7–13 mm, anthers 3.5–6 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile;

pale-yellow, fading yellowish white and somewhat translucent, very broadly obcordate, 12–25 (–30) mm; filaments 8–15 (–20) mm, anthers 3–6 (–9) mm, pollen 50%

pale-yellow, fading yellowish white to pale yellowish orange, very broadly obcordate, 7–20 mm; filaments 6–15 mm, anthers 3–7 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style