24 Petals absent or rudimentary > 25 24 Petals present > 31 25 Capsules cylindric, opening by 8 or 10 teeth > 26 25 Capsules ovoid to globose, opening
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acorn on axillary peduncle 25-100 mm. Quercus robur 5 Leaf base cuneate or attenuate; acorn subsessile or on axillary peduncle 15-25(-50) mm. > 6 6 Leaf blade
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petals 2, plane, ± ovate, ± 2-lobed, clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;
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distinct or connate in groups; pistil 1, 1–25-carpellate; ovary superior, inferior, or half-inferior, 1–25-loculed; placentation usually parietal, infrequently
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[winged or carunculate]; endosperm absent; embryo straight [curved]; cotyledons 25–40% of total embryo length. Nearly worldwide except very cold or very dry
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27 Leaves 25–90 mm; heads in cymiform arrays, peduncles 1–15 mm (bracts 0–7, scalelike); florets 10–25 Ericameria arborescens 27 Leaves 10–25 mm; heads
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fibers; leaf blades soft, herbaceous. Schoenoplectus 25 Anthers 3 mm; achenes 2.5–3.5 mm. Schoenoplectus 25 Anthers 1–2.5 mm; achenes 1.5–2.5 mm. > 26 26 Culms
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Lower Taxa Aristida C.E. Hubb. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 314. See subfamily description. The tribe Aristideae has
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puberula 22 Central bract lobes rounded to obtuse, sometimes truncate. > 25 25 Bracts usually distally bright red to red-orange. > 26 26 Leaf margins plane;
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tack-glands); pappus bristles distinct or inner basally connate, white to tawny > 25 25 Heads usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays, sometimes
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Tripsacum, Zea Dumort. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 602. Plants usually perennial. Culms 7-600 cm, annual,
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unbranched or mostly 2–7-branched, sometimes absent; stamens 3; petals 2–25 or 25–90 mm > 25 25 Tendrils usually unbranched, rarely unbranched and 2-branched, sometimes
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crowns of scales) Nipponanthemum 24 Annuals, biennials, perennials > 25 25 Annuals > 26 25 Biennials or perennials > 28 26 Leaves usually irregularly 1-pinnately
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present; blade ± cordate or reniform to narrowly elliptic in outline, 0.5–25 (–30) cm, foliaceous, rarely ± coriaceous; leaflets 3–15 (–41), terminal sometimes
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epaleate, covered with tawny to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets 25–200+; corollas white to pink, red, yellow or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long
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per node), rarely opposite Eutrochium 25 Annuals or perennials; involucres 2–5+ mm diam.; florets 10–30 > 26 25 Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; involucres
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phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, (1–) 4–12 (–25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly (4–) 8–21 (–30+) in ± 2 series, usually
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crenate, or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike
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Involucres mostly campanulate to hemispheric or turbinate-cylindric, (2.5–) 3–22 (–25) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or tardily falling, 18–40 in (2–) 3–7 series
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Greenland drabas of the sections Aizopsis and Chrysodraba DC. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 25: 465–494. Ekman, E. 1932. Contribution to the Draba flora of Greenland. IV
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11 Trees, 30–100 dm; drupes 25–80 mm > 12 11 Shrubs, 5–30 dm (–40 dm in P. fremontii, –60 dm in P. subcordata); drupes 7–25 mm > 14 12 Leaf blades broadly
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serrate, serrulate, or denticulate (rarely entire in C. cyaneus). > 25 25 Leaf blades (20–)25–100(–130) × 10–64 mm, margins serrate to serrulate, teeth (35–)40–150+;
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(sparsely stipitate-glandular in S. novae-angliae); pappi persistent, of (20–) 25–40 (–55) white to brownish, ± equal, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles
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Boechera belong to distantly related clades of Brassicaceae that diverged some 19–25 million years ago. A new tribal classification of the family (I. A. Al-Shehbaz
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ternipes, Aristida tuberculosa L. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 315. Plants usually perennial; herbaceous, usually cespitose
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ellipsoid, rarely pyriform, urceolate, elongate, or oblong, 6–18 (–24) × 5–15 (–25) mm, glabrous, sometime setose, eglandular or stipitate, rarely setose, glandular;
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(without calyculi) 25–80+ in 4–6+ series and orbiculate to oblong, lance-oblong, lanceolate, or linear, unequal, or (with calyculi) 12–25+ in 2–3 series and
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2-fid, short, or ending in mid leaf to slightly beyond > 25 24 Stem leaf costae single, long > 26 25 Alar cell walls thin or slightly incrassate, regions mostly
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Muhlenbergia ×involuta Schreb. Paul M. Peterson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 145. Plants annual or perennial; usually rhizomatous, often
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virginianum, Linum westii (Reichenbach) Engelmann Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 25. 1852. Nancy R. Morin Basionym: Linopsis Reichenbach Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst
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Seeds black, flattened, obovoid, becoming globose distally. x = 30 (5 large, 25 small). Warmer regions in the Americas from the sw United States and Fla.
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Peterson, Stephan L. Hatch, Alan S. Weakley Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 115. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes
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conduplicate, each partly investing its subtended floret). Ray-florets 0 or 3–25+, neuter; corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish, sometimes
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(Pennell) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 22–24), sect. Erythranthe (species 25–31), sect. Alsinimimulus G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 32), sect. Simigemma
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rarely pubescent distally; nectaries epistaminal. Penstemon 20 Herbs. > 25 25 Fruits pyxides or nutlets; leaves basal only, rarely cauline; corolla lobes
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textile 24 Scape fistulose, 3–25 mm diam., not flattened and winged; leaves 2–10, blade flat and solid, or fistulose. > 25 24 Scape solid, exceeding 5 mm
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symmetrically, sometimes slightly asymmetrically, attached to pedicels. > 25 25 Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent; stems 30–70 mm; basal leaves densely
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peduncles 1–15(–25) mm > 25 25 Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40 Brickellia pringlei 25 Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres
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or attenuate to apiculate, faces glabrous or hairy abaxially. Ray-florets 6–25+; corollas usually yellow-orange proximally, yellow distally, sometimes with
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wrightii L. Charles M. Allen, David W. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 566. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous
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Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 314. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose. Culms
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blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas of the
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Lugentes (spp. 11 6 Phyllaries (adaxially villous) Tephroseris 7 Involucres (20–)25–40 mm diam. (northern beaches and shorelines) Senecio pseudoarnica 7 Involucres
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perigynia reddish brown, (3.8–)4–5.5 mm, conspicuously 5+-veined adaxially. > 25 25 Achenes 1.1–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm; inflorescences compact, often headlike, erect
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> 10 10 Corollas 14–25 mm; pollen sacs navicular to subexplanate, 1.2–1.4 mm, dehiscing completely. Penstemon hallii 10 Corollas 25–35 mm; pollen sacs sigmoid
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Schismus, Tribolium Zotov Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 298. See subfamily description. The Danthonieae, the only
3 KB (589 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
flat-topped, 1–15 (–25) × 1.8–12 (–20) cm, firm or flaccid; tubercles distinct, not confluent into ribs, pyramidal, conic, or cylindric, 3–25 × 2–9 mm; areoles
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center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3 (–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. Fruits schizocarps, erect, not
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subg. Setaria P. Beauv. James M. Rominger Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 539. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rarely rhizomatous
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Urvilleana Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 456. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose. Culms
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bladeless sheaths; ligules present; blades filiform to flat with filiform tip, to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–)
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between the keel and marginal veins; palea keels puberulent or glabrous. > 25 25 Lemmas usually puberulent on the lateral veins and between the veins; lower
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(in 129. C. lacrimata), adaxially sometimes short-pubescent. Flowers 10–20 (–25) mm diam.; hypanthium usually densely hairy, sometimes glabrous; sepals ±
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with stiff spines Stenocereus 20 Plants mostly branched near midstem; stems 25-75 cm diam.; flowers 8.5-14 cm; ovary spineless or with few bristlelike spines
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20 Cauline leaves alternate, proximals rarely subopposite to opposite. > 25 25 Stamens 2. > 26 26 Leaf blades: margins of proximals 3-lobed, margins of
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villosissima, Setaria viridis James M. Rominger Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 546. Plants annual or perennial. Blades seldom wider than
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sometimes with faint raised strigillose lines from margins of petioles. > 25 25 Leaf blade surfaces strigillose abaxially, subglabrous adaxially, with strigillose
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seed cones 25-50 cm; seed body 1-2 cm, wing 2-3 cm. Pinus lambertiana 7 Stomatal lines evident only on adaxial surface of leaves; seed cones 7-25 cm; seed
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usually black, occasionally gray, flattened, round, rarely obovate or ovate. x = 25, 30. e coastal plain, se, sc, w United States, n, c, w Mexico, n Central America
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urceolate, sometimes campanulate to obconic, 5–25+ mm diam. (excluding phyllary apices). Phyllaries (persistent) 25–100+ in (3–) 4–9+ series, 1-nerved or obscurely
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or indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, or baccate and indehiscent. Seeds 25-1000+, distinct, fusiform or ovoid, winged or not. North America, Mexico,
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sessile or stalked; blades linear, oblong, or deltate, simple to 5-pinnate, 4–25 × 1–35 cm. Pinnae (reduced to segments in many species) spreading to ascending
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Phanopyrum L. Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable.
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sometimes annual in O. stricta); capsules 6–20(–25) mm. > 24 24 West of the Mississippi River. > 25 25 Stipule margins with wide, free flanges, apical
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Stems to 25 dm. Leaves forming rosettes; blade linear, not rigid or fibrous, bases broadly expanding, margins serrulate or entire. Scape 0.5–25 dm. Inflorescences
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Andropogon virginicus Stapf Christopher S. Campbell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 653. Inflorescences false panicles; inflorescence units
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metallic-silvery > 25 24 Capsules ± narrowly ovoid-conic or pyramidal-ovoid to ovoid or ellipsoid; bark smooth and metallic-silvery or corky to spongy > 26 25 Leaves
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entire to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong in outline, 1–25 cm, foliaceous, leaflets 5–13 (–21), distinct, terminal not confluent with
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basal-cells reaching across leaf or rising higher medially, rectangular, 18–25 µm, 2–5: 1, walls thin, hyaline; distal laminal cells roundedquadrate to hexagonal
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fruits dehiscent in distal 1/2. Polanisia 3 Stamens 6 (except Arivela with 14-25); gynophore usually 0.5-85 mm in fruit (in Arivela viscosa fruits sessile
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membranous; extrastaminal nectary disc often present; stamens [4–] 5 [–ca. 25], usually borne on androgynophore [hypanthium]; ovary superior, [2–] 3 [–5]
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Rose and C. bolensis S. Boyd & J. Keeley, both endemic to Mexico. Species 25 (23 in the flora). In the following key, references to indumentum do not include
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stigma slightly expanded at apex. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 4–25, pale-brown to dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent. x = 6, 7. w United
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(Brassicaceae): Evidence from trnL intron and ndhF sequence data. Syst. Bot. 25: 468–478. Cardamine angulata, Cardamine angustata, Cardamine bellidifolia
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Limnanthes floccosa, Limnanthes montana C. T. Mason Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 473. 1952. Nancy R. Morin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on
4 KB (441 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
Eragrostis unioloides Wolf Paul M. Peterson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 65. Plants annual or perennial; usually synoecious, sometimes
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets. Involucres ± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually distinct, rarely connate
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24, 28, 33), and blackberries (subg. Rubus, species 1, 4–6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 25, 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37). Bailey did not include Dalibarda repens (30. R.
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
exposing fruits; stamens usually 5 > 25 24 Perianth lobes 1-3 or absent; fruits largely exposed; stamens 1-3(-5) > 26 25 Plants (at least some parts) with
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> 25 25 Calyces: tubes 1.5–3 mm, lobes 0.1–0.5 mm, deltate; capsules 3–5 mm; styles 6–9(–10) mm; branches widely spreading. Agalinis divaricata 25 Calyces:
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scapiform peduncles). Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 4–25 (–35+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (16–) 20–60 (–80+) in [2–] 3–7+ series
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Abelmoschus, Talipariti, and Urena), not enclosing bud > 25 25 Involucellar bractlets 3, distinct > 26 25 Involucellar bractlets 4+, distinct or ± connate >
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
Orcuttia, Tuctoria Reeder John R. Reeder Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 290. Plants annual; viscid, aromatic. Culms with solid
7 KB (646 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
stipitate-glandular). Ray-florets 7–36 (–100) in 1 series; laminae (2–) 4.5–24 (–25) × 0.5–2 mm. Disc corollas usually weakly ampliate, throats narrowly funnelform
8 KB (946 words) - 21:01, 29 July 2020
petals 3, maroon or green, usually shorter than sepals; stamens (3–) 5–15 (–25); carpels 3; style 0–0.5 mm; stigmas 3, dark red, fimbriate-plumose, sometimes
11 KB (511 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
velutina, Digitaria violascens Haller J.K. Wipff Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 358. Plants annual, perennial, or of indefinite duration
23 KB (1,318 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
glabrous or glandular-pubescent or puberulent. Inflorescences usually umbels, 2–25 (–125) -flowered, sometimes solitary flowers; bracts usually ternate. Pedicels
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Leaves: margins usually entire, sometimes denticulate; florets 30–60+ > 25 25 Peduncles stipitate-glandular (not stellate-pubescent); involucres 10–12+
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mm; ovaries: beak abruptly tapering to styles; largest medial blades 8-25 mm > 25 25 Capsules 5.2-9.6 mm; largest medial blades hypostomatous, highly glossy
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macrantha). Involucres hemispheric to obconic or broadly cylindric, (3–) 5–15 [–25] mm diam. Phyllaries 5–21+ in 1–2 (–3) series (subequal to unequal). Receptacles
11 KB (947 words) - 22:31, 29 July 2020
Involucres cylindro-campanulate to broadly campanulate, (4–14 (–16) ×) 4–25+ mm. Phyllaries 20–140 in 3–7 series, 1-nerved (usually rounded adaxially
20 KB (1,017 words) - 22:19, 29 July 2020
setifolia, Thymophylla tenuiloba, Thymophylla tephroleuca Lagasca Gen. Sp. Pl., 25. 1816. John L. Strother Etymology: Greek thymon, thyme, and phyllon, leaf
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texanus Roem. & Schult. Jesus Valdes-Reyna Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 33. Plants perennial; usually cespitose, often with short
11 KB (976 words) - 04:34, 30 July 2020
glandular-pubescent externally. > 25 25 Cauline leaves 0.5–1(–2) mm wide, blades linear; proximal bracts linear. Penstemon filiformis 25 Cauline leaves (1–)2–24
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(withering in early summer in subsp. marcescens); rosettes 1–3, in clumps or not, 5–25-leaved, (3–) 6–15 (–35) cm diam.; blade green or gray-blue, usually oblanceolate
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Mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere Species ca. 27 (25 in the flora). K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935, parts 2–3, pp. 41–53) combined
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or if yellow, then (15-)20-25 mm; Colorado, Arizona to California. > 20 20 Sepals (15-)20-25 mm, petal blades 8-17 mm, spurs 25-40 mm; flowers erect; California
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inflorescence tip leafy; stem indument soft > 25 25 Mericarps 12–14, 3.5–5.5 mm. Sphaeralcea polychroma 25 Mericarps 10, usually 3 mm. Sphaeralcea procera
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psilopodium Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 456. Plants annual or perennial; perennials usually cespitose
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abaxially, sometimes also pilose. > 25 25 Corollas 14–20(–22) mm; styles 11–13 mm; capsules 6–11 mm. Penstemon ophianthus 25 Corollas 22–35 mm; styles 17–24
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branched or unbranched. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, cauline (1–) 3–25 cm; blade margins pinnately lobed to sinuate-dentate, serrate to dentate or
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turbinate, 2–3 (–5+) mm diam. Phyllaries usually 5–12 in 1 series, equal (20–25 in 2–3 series, unequal in S. cichoriacea, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
foliaceous bracts, (6–) 40–100+ in ± corymbiform to paniculiform arrays (6–) 10–25+ cm diam. Involucres ± campanulate to obconic or hemispheric, 3–8 (–11+) mm
13 KB (807 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
usually slender, sometimes stout, 2–6 cm. Leaves: petiole short, length 10–25 (–50) % blade, pubescent, usually eglandular, sometimes sparsely sessile-glandular;
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or rounded, sometimes acute, entire or erose, often ciliolate; blades 1-24 (25) mm wide, abaxial surfaces usually smooth or scabrous, sometimes with hairs
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to genera of Polypodiaceae) Genera ca. 40, species perhaps 500 (7 genera, 25 species in the flora). None. Campyloneurum, Microgramma, Neurodium, Pecluma
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Bouteloua trifida (Desv.) A. Gray J.K. Wipff Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 261. Panicle branches 1-20, persistent, with 6-130 spikelets
2 KB (706 words) - 04:47, 30 July 2020
Xyris torta Gronovius in C. Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 42. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 25, 1754. Robert Kral Common names: Yellow-eyed-grass Etymology: Greek xyron
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Artemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 421–468. Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia alaskana, Artemisia annua, Artemisia
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
pappi 0, or persistent, coroniform, or of 2–5 ovate, scarious scales, or of 20–25+ unequal bristles, or of 5 scales plus 5 bristles (all in 1 series, sometimes
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Schultes, occurs in the Altai Mountains of Siberia and Mongolia Species 26 (25 in the flora). Chambers, K. L. 1993. Claytonia. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 40. Mentioned on page 14, 15, 16, 25, 46, 47, 50, 52. Herbs, perennial [annual], often suffrutescent, glabrous
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
2-years old dark-brown to black, ± stout, 3–7 (–9) cm. Leaves: petiole length (25–) 30–50% blade, pubescent to tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, usually eglandular;
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Species ca. 25 (6 in the flora). Phytolacca dioica Linnaeus, the ombú, a fast-growing, wide-spreading, evergreen, unisexual South American tree to 25 m, is sparingly
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appressed-reflexed, spreading, or erect, lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, 10–25 × 2–5 mm, margins (outer) often deeply pinnatifid, abaxial surfaces glabrous
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least 1/2 as long as body. Perigynia ascending to spreading or reflexed, 0–25-veined, at least slightly inflated, sometimes stipitate, narrowly elliptic
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inflorescences with 1–9 heads. > 25 24 Stems erect, not floating; filiform leaves absent; inflorescences with 3–200 heads. > 26 25 Capsule rounded at apex, 2
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Involucres hemispheric or broader, 6–14 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 14–25 in ± 2–3 series (mostly lance-linear, herbaceous). Receptacles conic; paleate
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corymbiform arrays. Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, (4–10 ×) 6–25 mm. Phyllaries 26–80+ in 2–8 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved
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Inflorescences umbellate or compound-umbellate, rarely subcapitate or capitate, 3–25 × 2–18 cm; branches tomentose to floccose or glabrous, rarely with whorl of
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longitudinal green stripe on adaxial surface. > 25 25 Adaxial petal surface with purple crescent or blotch. > 26 25 Adaxial petal surface without purple crescent
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2–6 imm, acute, not flagged (apices acute), faces gray-pubescent. Heads 3–25 in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Involucres: staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate
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worldwide, primarily in cooler temperate and arctic regions Species ca. 150 (25 in the flora). The taxonomy of Anemone continues to be problematic. Anemone
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Perennials or subshrubs (dioecious, gynoecious, or polygamodioecious), (0.2–) 4–25 (–70) cm (sometimes cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes rhizomatous)
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roemeriana Aristida purpurea var. laxiflora Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 330. Plants perennial; densely cespitose, without rhizomes
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Bouteloua uniflora, Bouteloua warnockii J.K. Wipff Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 253. Panicle branches (1) 4-80, with 1-15 spikelets, terminating
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slender); stems glabrous; disc florets 40–50+ Packera porteri 7 Plants 6–25+ cm (rhizomes 1–6 cm, branched, stout); stems glabrous but for bases and leaf
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erect to recurved valves; carpophore absent or sometimes present. Seeds 1–25, reddish-brown to brown or black (or rarely yellowish or purplish brown),
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North America Association Plants cespitose, 10–45 cm. Roots coarse. Stems 10–25 cm; sheaths 2–3, loose, inflated. Leaves: petiole 1–4 cm; blade narrowly elliptic
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Zuloaga Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 475. Plants perennial; usually cespitose, often from scaly
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yellow-orange to orange (laminae fan-shaped, lobes 3–5). Disc-florets usually 25–150 (–400+), usually bisexual and fertile (6–15, functionally staminate in
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xerocastique, perfect (reduced in B. acuminatum). Calyptra naked. Spores 9–25 µm. Nearly worldwide, high Arctic to tropics Species ca. 80 (21 in the flora)
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conduplicate, folded around and falling with cypselae). Ray-florets 0 or 8–25 (–40), neuter; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 80–100 (–200+), bisexual, fertile;
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axillary, racemes or flowers solitary; bracts present or absent. Pedicels 1–25 (–30) mm; bracteoles absent. Flowers bisexual, cleistogamous or chasmogamous;
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terminal spike). > 25 24 Lateral spikes of similar length. > 27 25 Pistillate dark brown to black, scales exceeding perigynia. Carex idahoa 25 Pistillate scales
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appendages usually petaloid, occasionally rudimentary. Staminate flowers (5–) 20–25 (–70). Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous or hairy; styles connate basally
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454, 461, 468, 469. Shrubs, subshrubs, or trees, 0–150 [–180] dm. Stems 1–25, erect, ascending, spreading to prostrate; bark usually dark gray, smooth;
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Gillenieae genusAmelanchier speciesAmelanchier utahensis Koehne Gatt. Pomac., 25, plate 2, fig. 20e. 1890. Christopher S. Campbell, Michael B. Burgess, Kevin
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Corolla tubes yellow to light or greenish yellow. > 25 25 Corollas 14–19 mm. Pedicularis furbishiae 25 Corollas 22–30 mm. Pedicularis procera 24 Corolla
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fascicles. Heads disciform. Receptacles epaleate, glabrous. Florets: peripheral 1–25 pistillate and fertile; central 3–32 functionally staminate (not setting fruits);
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lobes almost as wide as mid-blade, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescences 3–25 (–30) × 1.5–5 cm; bracts proximally green or deep purple, distally red, crimson
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distally) > 25 18 Ray florets 0 or 2–8, laminae 1–2(–10) mm (inconspicuous, often tinged reddish) Helianthus radula 18 Ray florets 8–13(–25), laminae (7–)10–40
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arachnoid, lanuginose, or pannose (rarely glabrescent), not farinose. Stems 1–25+, prostrate to erect; branches mainly proximal. Leaves: largest blades deltate
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or small and of staminodial origin, distinct or basally connate; stamens 2–25, hypogynous, in 1–2 series, sometimes fascicled, distinct or basally connate;
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Mexico Eriogonum capillare 25 Perianths densely short-villous or puberulent, white to pink or red, rarely pale yellow or yellow > 26 25 Perianths pilose or hirsute
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but also ecologically. With their abundant clear cells they can retain up to 25 times their dry weight in water, and a uniquely strong acidifying power permits
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convex, paleate (paleae conduplicate, at least bases, papery). Ray-florets 5–25+, pistillate, fertile; corollas mostly yellow (cream to white in W. helianthoides)
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Oeceoclades 24 Plants epiphytic; spurs absent. > 25 25 Inflorescences spikes; flowers sessile. Bulbophyllum 25 Inflorescences racemes or panicles; flowers pedicellate
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 3–25 cm; herbage glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy. Stems erect to ascending
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0–5-veined on each face, not inflated, ovoid. Carex stricta 25 Perigynia veinless. Carex scopulorum 25 Perigynia veined. > 26 26 Perigynia 1–3-veined on each
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hirsute to strigose; basal petiolate, 5–30 × 1–8 cm; cauline petiolate, 2–25 × 0.5–7 cm, bases attenuate to cordate or auriculate. Heads borne singly or
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involute, widest leaves 1+ mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 3–25+ spikes, ovoid to cylindric, often very condensed; proximal bracts scalelike
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Molinia, Phragmites Dumort. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 7. See subfamily description. There are still questions
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nonfleshy calyx; leaves not aromatic > 25 25 Corollas persistent; leaf blades 2.5-3.5 mm, base auriculate. Calluna 25 Corollas deciduous; leaf blades 3-100+
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usually 7–25 cm; tepals lanceolate to oblanceolate, apiculate to attenuate; outer tepals greenish, usually tinged with red, purple, brown, or white, 25–50 ×
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Involucres broadly to depressed-hemispheric, 3.5–8 × 4–10 mm. Phyllaries 25–50 in 3–4 series, 1-nerved (midnerves barely evident; not keeled), unequal
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David W. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Plants perennial; cespitose or shortly rhizomatous. Culms 25-110 cm, erect, spreading, or prostrate; nodes
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(Hitchc.) Freckmann & Lelong Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 422. Plants cespitose, with caudices. Basal rosettes well-differentiated
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hemispheric (sometimes cupulate). Phyllaries persistent and/or falling, 8–25+ in 2 series (outer 2–6 distinct or connate, herbaceous, contrasting with
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3.2-3.5 mm. Sedum oregonense 25 Leaf blades of flowering shoots linear or linear-lanceolate to linear-oblanceolate > 26 25 Leaf blades of flowering shoots
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persistent. > 25 24 Culms with distal leaf sheath apex without distinct, abrupt tooth; distal leaf sheaths persistent or disintegrating. > 37 25 Culms hollow
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erect to recurved; leaves not threadlike, 0.1–5 mm wide. > 25 25 Nodal glands absent. > 26 25 Nodal glands present on at least some nodes. > 28 26 Leaves
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lanceolate or oblanceolate, petioles 0.1–2(–2.5) cm; capsules (11–)14–25(–30) mm, pedicels (9–)13–25(–85) mm; seeds 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 mm; sepals 6–19 mm. > 5 5 Emergent
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sepals slightly keeled; dorsal sepal free, broadly ovate, concave, 1.25–1.5 × 1.25–1.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals connate proximal to middle, oblong
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interrupted; peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending or erect. > 25 25 Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, rarely ovate, margins
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24 24 Glumes usually pubescent, rarely glabrous. > 25 25 Upper glume mucronate Bromus mucroglumis 25 Upper glume not mucronate. > 26 26 Awns (1)2-3(3.5)
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peristome and operculum not differentiated. Calyptra mitrate. Spores rather large, 25–45 µm, papillose, spinose, reticulate, or pitted. Worldwide, mainly in the
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24 Leaf blade margins serrate, dentate, crenate-serrate, or 3–9-lobed. > 25 25 Styles (1.5–)2–4 mm; pedicels (12–)15–30(–38) mm; corollas ± blue, 8–14 mm
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glabrous or rarely hairy (P. veris), hairs simple. Inflorescences umbels, 2–25+-flowered, involucrate, [racemes or spikes] or solitary flowers; bracts 1–5
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(apices entire, blunt, adaxially green and lanuginose). Pistillate florets 3–25. Functionally staminate florets 2–6 (–12); corolla (zygomorphic, ± gibbous)
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borne singly or in cymiform arrays. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 5–25 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8–13 or 21–34 in 2 series (spreading to erect
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verticillata, Chloris virgata Sw. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 204. Plants annual or perennial; habit various, rhizomatous
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Hesperolinon tehamense (A. Gray) Small in N. L. Britton et al. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 84. 1907. Nancy R. Morin Common names: Western flax Etymology: Greek hesperos
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vulgaris, having shorter fertile stems [5–24 cm versus (25–)35–90(–120) cm], smaller corollas (15–25 mm versus 27–33 mm), and globular (versus oblong-globular
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& H.P. Under Grass Phylogeny Working Group Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 297. Plants usually perennial, sometimes annual; when perennial
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glomerate arrays. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate or cylindro-turbinate, 7–25 × 5–20 mm. Phyllaries 20–35 in 3–6 series, 1-nerved (sometimes weakly keeled
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appendages spiny fringed, not covering phyllary bodies, tipped with spines 5–25 mm > 3 3 Heads sessile, each closely subtended and ± concealed by involucrelike
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(0–) 3–5-lobed. Calyces colored as bracts or paler near base, 15–25 mm. Corollas 25–30 mm; beak subequal with or exserted from calyx, 14–20 mm. Phenology:
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Enneapogon, Pappophorum Kunth John R. Reeder Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 285. Plants perennial; rarely annual. Culms herbaceous
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present; blade narrowly oblong to filiform, planar to cylindric, 0.5–20 (–25) cm, foliaceous, leaflets (3–) 7–161, sometimes separate, more often overlapping
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North American Stipeae: Taxonomic changes and other comments. Phytologia 74:1-25 Cheeke, P.R. and L.R. Shull. 1985. Natural Toxicants in Feeds and Poisonous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 10. Mentioned on page 3, 9, 25. Annuals, perennials, or shrubs, 10–400+ cm (usually rhizomatous). Stems erect
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Leaves monomorphic, widely spaced, not conspicuously narrowed at tip, to 25 cm. Petiole green to dark-brown or black, flattened to terete, often grooved
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borne singly. Involucres broadly turbinate, (5–12 ×) 10–20 mm. Phyllaries 25–40 in (2–) 3–4 series, appressed (commonly purplish), 1 (–3) -nerved (thin
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U-shaped; medial laminal cells elongate, short-elongate, or ± isodiametric, 25–110 µm, in diagonal rows or not, not or weakly collenchymatous, walls pitted;
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neighboring flowers often overlapping. > 25 25 Sepals: adaxial 2 connate; scapes groove-angled. Plantago lanceolata 25 Sepals: adaxial 2 nearly distinct; scapes
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short trunks and spreading branches, 7–25 (–35) m. Leaves: petiole broadened and flattened toward blade, 10–25 mm; blade bright green, elliptic-oblong
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above in key) > 11 10 Plants with at least some stem segments bearing spines > 25 11 Fruits and stem segments puberulent (use hand lens) or velvety; trees or
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Cosmopolitan, greatest occurrence in temperate regions Genera 25, species ca. 140 (9 genera, 25 species in the flora). Species of Ditrichaceae usually colonize
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stems not fistulose; w North America Eriogonum umbellatum 13 Leaf blades (2-)7-25 cm; flowering stems occasionally fistulose; nw Idaho n to California, Oregon
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G. A. Engler, ed. 1900--1953. Das Pflanzenreich.... 107 vols. Berlin. Vol. 25[IV, 26], pp. 1--284. Juncus, Luzula window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[];
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the stem. Molendoa 24 Perichaetia terminal on the stem > 25 25 Peristome absent. Gymnostomum 25 Peristome present > 26 26 Axillary hairs entirely of clear
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1–8, 10, 11, 13–16, 18, and 20–24, Greven those for species 10, 13, 18, 20, 25–43. Both authors together wrote the entire key. Greven, H. C. 1999. A synopsis
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corymbiform arrays. Involucres obpyramidal to hemispheric, 12–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 10–25+ in ± 2 series (outer 4 broadly lanceolate, foliaceous
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of North America Association Shrubs or trees, to 10 m. Leaves: petiole 12–25 mm; blade ovate to oblong or oblongelliptic, 50–106 × 30–50 mm, base rounded
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elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65 (–80) × 4–15 (–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse,
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sessile or stipitate-glandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, 15–20 (–25) × 15–20 (–25) mm; stamens 65; carpels (16–) 20–40 (–50), styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond
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to columnar (10–12-ribbed, sparsely hairy); pappi persistent, either of 12–25 subulate scales in 1 series, or of ca. 50 bristles or setiform scales in 3–4
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tubules 2-4 mm, with terminal pores. Berries pseudo 10-locular. Seeds (4-) 10-25 (-40). 2n = 24, 48, 72. North America Species 9 (9 in the flora). Section
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always glabrous. > 25 25 Dry stems not readily fragmenting; lateral branches 1–3-forked; leaf apex strongly keeled. Selaginella watsonii 25 Dry stems readily
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stipitate-glandular (north); petals single, rose-pink to pale-pink, (13–) 22–25 × (11–) 20–25 mm; stamens 75–100; carpels 18–33, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar
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mm, length 1–2 times width. > 25 24 Pinnae oblong-lanceolate to oblong, mainly 6–10 mm, length 3–5 times width. > 28 25 Rachises dark reddish brown throughout
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Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 7–20 × 12–40 (–48) mm. Phyllaries 25–45 in 3–6 series, 1-nerved (keeled), narrowly lanceolate, unequal, proximally
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petiolate to subpetiolate, blades broadly elliptic to obovate, 30–200 × 8–25 (–30) mm, bases attenuate, margins entire or sometimes serrate, apices acute
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Ohio to Louisiana. > 25 25 Anthers 0.5–1.5(–2.1) mm; stigma straight or distally coiled; flowers often bisexual. Thalictrum pubescens 25 Anthers (0.7–)1–3
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involucral-bracts 1–5, leaflike, proximal bract erect to spreading. Spikelets terete, 3–25 × 2–5 mm; scales deciduous, 8+, spirally arranged, each subtending flower
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tepals curving downward, 20–25 (–30) mm, outermost tepal somewhat longer and narrower than outer lateral tepals; filaments ca. 25 mm; anthers 12–16 mm; style
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sepals (20–) 25–65 (–75) mm; petals bright-yellow, fading orange, reddish orange or mostly unchanged, obovate to very broadly obovate, (17–) 25–65 (–68) mm
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opening by (2–) 3 spreading to recurved valves; carpophore absent. Seeds 3–25, tan, reddish-brown, dark-brown, black, or transparent (white embryo visible)
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Croton pottsii 24 Shrubs; columella apex with 3 rounded, inflated lobes. > 25 25 Petioles mostly 1/4–7/10+ leaf blade length, if shorter (C. fruticulosus)
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Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, 6–16 × 6–30 mm. Phyllaries 25–100 in 3–12 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved, lanceolate
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mm; stamens purple, 5–10 (–25) mm; anthers 2.5–4 mm; gynophore 1–3 mm in fruit; ovary 4–6 mm; style 0.1 mm. Capsules (15–) 25–40 (–65) × 2.5–4 mm, glabrous
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ovatelanceolate, 9–25 × 2–13 mm, glabrous or villous, hairs glandular and eglandular; corolla-tube pink-purple to white, funnelform, 25–60 mm, throat 20–25 mm diam
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sect. Leptopogon L. Christopher S. Campbell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 649. Plants perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous
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26 25 Ultimate segments conspicuously resinous-sticky, covered with short, capitate glands; stem scales strongly contorted. Cheilanthes viscida 25 Ultimate
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FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 5. Mentioned on page 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21, 25, 26, 51, 52, 67. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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globular base 10–25 (–40) mm diam. Leaves yellow or wine red; blade triangular, lanceolate, or ovate, 3–10 mm. Spikes dark purple or red, 10–25 mm diam.; bracts
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Volume 10. Stems erect, to 40 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole 5–25 mm; blade lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1–4.5 cm. Inflorescences racemes
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yellow, ovate-elliptic, 8–14 × 4.2–5 mm, (apex acute); stamens yellow, 15–25 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm; gynophore (reflexed), 10–20 mm in fruit; ovary 3–6 mm
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virgata, Leptochloa viscida P. Beauv. Neil Snow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 51. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose. Culms (3) 10-250
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floral bracts ovate to ovatelanceolate, subulate, 3–8 (–30) mm. Flowers 1–15 (–25); dorsal sepal 15–31 × 5–18 mm; lateral sepals reflexed distally, 13–26 ×
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(Hitchc.) Freckmann & Lelong Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 442. Plants grayish-green, densely cespitose, with caudices
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Leaves erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm; blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned
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abaxially; lateral leaflets unlobed or 1×-lobed or parted; ultimate lobes 8-25 (-35) mm wide. Flowers: sepals usually 5, green, yellow, or red (rarely white
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as bracts, sometimes with a yellow band between green and other color, 15–25 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–9 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, lateral 2.5–5
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Treatment on page 196. Mentioned on page 13, 25, 181, 195, 197. Plants small, scattered to gregarious. Stems 2–10 (–25) mm, erect, simple or forked. Leaves crispate
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than or equal to 0.5 spore radius. Worldwide except Antarctica Species 60 (25 in the flora). None. Sphagnum andersonianum, Sphagnum angermanicum, Sphagnum
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rostrata 5 Inflorescence axis straight or erect; buds erect or pendent. > 25 25 Buds pendent; corollas rotate or bowl-shaped; inner stamens shorter, inner
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23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 61. Shrubs or trees, 1–25 m, usually not clonal, or clonal by stem fragmentation. Stems usually erect
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Dichanthelium dichotomum Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 432. Plants cespitose, with caudices or knotty crowns.
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×anthophysum Freckmann & Lelong Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 412. Plants cespitose, often with knotty rhizomes, sometimes
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13–25 (–28) mm; abaxial clefts 3–8 mm, adaxial 5–9 (–12) mm, clefts 30–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral (1–) 1.5–4 (–5) mm, 10–25% of
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spreading to rounded and occasionally erect, not scapose, (0.5–) 1–20 × 2–25 dm, glabrous or occasionally floccose, sometimes scabrellous, greenish, infrequently
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Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila Miller Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Solidago no. 25. 1768. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Rough-stemmed or wrinkle-leaf
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(distally). Receptacles flat, shallowly pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 3–25, pistillate, fertile or sterile; corollas yellow or drying red-purple. Disc-florets
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directly on ovary. > 25 24 Style 1, sometimes 3-branched or -lobed at apex, or absent and stigmas connate, borne directly on ovary. > 40 25 Leaves (bracts in
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and usually glandular, veins prominent > 25 25 Mature calyces 20-30 mm; seeds 1.3-1.8 mm broad Silene conoidea 25 Calyces 8-15 mm; seeds 0.6-1 mm broad >
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staminate, pedunculate, prophyllate, pistillate scales ovoid, with not more than 25 perigynia; terminal spike staminate, androgynous, or gynecandrous. Proximal
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spongy tissue, margins acutely angled, apex ± abruptly beaked, glabrous; beak 0.25–1.6 mm, with abaxial suture, margins often serrulate, apex shortly bidentate
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usually glanddotted, sometimes scabrellous on ribs; pappi persistent, of 25–40 (cream to pinkish purple) barbellate bristles in 1 series. x = 10. North
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Commelina virginica Plumier ex Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 40. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed.; 5:25, 1754. Robert B. Faden Common names: Dayflower widow's-tears Etymology: for
9 KB (390 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
petiole absent or indistinct, blade linear to linear-elliptic or lanceolate, (25–) 30–60 (–115) × 1.5–14 (–15) mm, chartaceous, base attenuate, apex acuminate
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10–40 mm, margins 3–5-lobed, lobes linear to filiform, 1–3 mm wide; distal 10–25 × 1 mm, margins entire. Inflorescences capitate spikes, 2–12-flowered, or
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 460. Mentioned on page 26, 388, 461. Annuals, 3–25 cm. Stems 1, erect, or 2–10, ascending to ± prostrate. Leaves basal and cauline;
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arrays (peduncles relatively long). Involucres hemispheric to obconic, 10–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 12–24 in ± 2 series (lanceolate, linear,
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pedunculate). Involucres campanulate to turbinate (3–7, ×) 2–8 mm. Phyllaries 7–25 in 2–3 equal or 3–5 unequal series, 1-nerved (midnerves evident, not raised)
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beyond sheathing bases and width of inflorescence; wet-mesic to wet sites. > 25 25 Spur 6–14 mm, 0.7–1.6 times length of lip; lip with prominent basal median
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mainly over the veins and margins, apices narrowly prow-shaped. Panicles 2-25 (30) cm, erect or somewhat lax, narrowly lanceoloid to ovoid, usually contracted
9 KB (1,082 words) - 03:24, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 8 m. Leaves: petiole 10–25 (–45) mm, finely hairy; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 80–250
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trees; rhizomes slender, branched. Leaves: petioles to 28 cm. Leaf-blade 10-25 × 10-29 cm, membranous; venation 5 or 7. Inflorescences to 32 cm; rachis puberulent
4 KB (374 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020