Search results

distinct, basally coherent in some Arnica spp., mostly lanceovate, linear, or ovate, unequal to subequal, mostly herbaceous to membranous, outer foliaceous

Phyllaries persistent, 14–35 (–60+) in 2–4 series (reflexed in fruit, mostly lanceovate to lanceolate or linear, herbaceous). Receptacles flat, knobby or pitted

internodes usually shorter than leaves) erect, unbranched. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly whorled (3–7 per node), rarely opposite; petiolate; blades pinnately

Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal or basal and cauline; usually wholly or partly opposite, sometimes mostly whorled or alternate; usually petiolate

± deltate, rarely lanceovate to lanceolate; anther bases usually ± tailed [not tailed], apical appendages mostly ovate to lanceovate or linear (usually

2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear; anther bases obtuse, rounded, or

in Coreopsis auriculata). Leaves usually cauline (sometimes mostly basal); usually mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate), rarely whorled; petiolate

or falling, mostly (3–) 5–80+ in 1–8 (–12+) series, distinct or connate, ovate or lanceovate to linear, unequal to subequal, outer mostly herbaceous, inner

Leaves mostly basal or mostly cauline; usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate); petiolate or sessile; blades (often 3-nerved or 5-nerved) mostly deltate

lance-linear, lanceolate, lanceovate, lance-rhombic, linear, oblong, obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, spatulate, or suborbiculate, margins mostly crenate, dentate

478. Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal; alternate; petiolate or sessile; margins entire or denticulate to

in H. eggertii, H. smithii, and H. maximiliani), mostly deltate, lance-linear, lanceolate, lanceovate, linear, or ovate, bases cordate to narrowly cuneate

to narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, spreading-reflexed, deltate to lanceovate (pappi of 20–40 equal, often crisped and minutely barbellate or distally

seldom branched. Petioles mostly shorter than leaf-blades. Basal leaves: blades mostly lanceolate, lance-elliptic, lanceovate, linear-oblong, oblong, or

erect, branched mostly from bases. Leaves mostly basal; opposite or alternate; petiolate (bases persisting as fibrils); blades (mostly pinnately nerved

succulent or fleshy). Leaves mostly cauline; opposite (proximal) or distally or mostly alternate; sessile; blades mostly linear to filiform (terete or

Perennials, 30–200 cm (bases woody). Stems branched, pubescent. Leaves mostly opposite (alternate in vars. gracillima and texana); petioles 0–10 mm; blades

Leaves mostly cauline; opposite or alternate; sessile or subsessile; blades usually 1 (–3) -nerved, elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lanceovate, linear

alternate; ± petiolate (petioles grading into blades); blades 1-nerved, mostly spatulate to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or linear, margins usually entire

erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; mostly opposite (distal rarely alternate); blades usually

Mentioned on page 7. Annuals or perennials, mostly 50–150+ cm (often rhizomatous). Leaves all or mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate; blades (pinnately

opposite; usually sessile; blades mostly linear to elliptic, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, margins usually setose-ciliate (mostly near bases), faces glabrous

175. Shrubs, 50–150 cm. Stems ascending to erect, much branched. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate or opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved

on page 542, 603. Annuals or perennials (often with rank, pungent odor), mostly 20–200 cm (taprooted; glabrous or ± tomentose or villous, often unevenly

spreading, branched from bases or throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; all or mostly opposite or all or mostly alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually

[–250+] cm. Stems erect, branched from bases or throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); petiolate or sessile; blades (or

Annuals, 5–120 cm (mostly self-incompatible). Stems erect to spreading (unbranched or branched). Leaves basal and cauline (at least basal mostly withering before

page 178. Mentioned on page 176. Perennials, mostly 30–120 cm. Stems erect. Leaves basal and/or cauline; mostly opposite; petiolate, subpetiolate, or sessile

glabrous, hirsute, or puberulent. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–7 cm; blades deltate-ovate, lanceovate, or ovate, 2.5–14 × 1.8–13 cm, bases

opposite proximally, petiolate or distal bracteate ones subsessile, blade lanceovate, lanceolate, deltoid, or cordate, 5–75 × 4–50 (–75) mm, base subhastate

Cauline leaves: (nearly all opposite or mostly alternate) largest proximal to mid-stems; blades ± 3-nerved, lanceovate or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate or

usually 1, erect or ascending, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1–3-pinnately lobed

[perennials], mostly 20–100 cm (taprooted; often glaucous). Stems usually 1, erect or lax (branched throughout or distally). Leaves mostly cauline; alternate;

blades elliptic, lance-linear, lanceovate, linear, or ovate, 10–90 × 2–28 mm, margins ciliate to 1/4 their lengths, hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm, faces strigose

pubescent; blades pinnately veined, lance-elliptic to lanceolate or lanceovate, mostly (6–) 8–23 (–30) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–9) cm, bases gradually or abruptly

ascending], branched mostly from bases [± throughout], often tomentose to lanate, sometimes glabrate or glabrous [sericeous] (hairs mostly medifixed) and gland-dotted

scarious (apices acute to acuminate or mucronate, minutely pubescent); outer lanceovate to narrowly lanceolate (glabrous or sparsely pubescent), inner narrowly

erect, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy (hairs basifixed). Leaves mostly basal or basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades obovate to lanceolate

glanddotted, farinaceous to puberulent when young). Leaves cauline; all or mostly alternate (at flowering); petiolate or subsessile; blades obscurely nerved

Stems 1, erect, branched dichotomously, divaricate (drying brittle). Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; obscurely petiolate; blades 1 (–2) -pedately or pinnately

glabrous, hispid, ± hirsute, or scabrous. Leaves cauline; all or mostly opposite to mostly alternate; petioles 0.5–1.5 cm; blades light to dark green, 3-nerved

proximal cauline withering by flowering, sessile or subsessile, blades lanceovate or oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, (40–) 50–150 × (3–) 10–20 (–35)

[annuals], 50–200 cm. Stems erect or ascending, unbranched or branched. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite (proximal) and/or alternate (distal); petiolate or ± sessile;

50–150+ cm (often rhizomatous). Stems erect, branched distally. Leaves all or mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate (petioles often ± winged, often with connate-perfoliate

heads. Leaves mostly in 3s–4s (–5s); petioles 5–15 (–20) mm, glabrous or sparingly puberulent, rarely ciliate; blades pinnately veined, lanceovate or ovate

branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); ± sessile [petiolate]; blades 1-nerved (or nerves parallel, mostly linear to filiform

branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate; petiolate; blades ovate or deltate to lanceolate, usually 1–2-pinnately lobed (lobes lanceovate to linear), ultimate

scabrous, apices acute or obtuse, callus-pointed; distal sessile, blades lanceovate or lanceolate to linear, 7–45 × 1–14 mm, progressively reduced distally

plants to 50 cm, leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic (mostly 2–7 cm × 4–8 mm), involucres mostly hemispheric, usually much less than 1 cm high or wide

petiolate or sessile; blades (succulent, drying thin) lanceovate to ovate or ovate-elliptic, mostly 4–15 × 1–7 cm, margins shallowly serrate, faces glabrate

ascending, branched from bases or throughout. Leaves basal and cauline; mostly alternate; petiolate; blades oblanceolate to spatulate or ovate, margins

viscid). Stems decumbent to erect, much branched from bases. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); petiolate; blades usually 3-nerved

North America Association Leaves: petioles 3–40+ mm; blades ovate to lanceovate, mostly 20–40 (–100) × 10–35 mm, margins dentate to denticulate or entire

distally branched, finely glandular, bases sericeous-woolly. Leaves all or mostly basal, alternate; sessile; blades obovate to oblanceolate or spatulate,

serrate. Flowers: sepals violet-blue (rarely white in var. columbiana), lanceovate to ovate. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Colo., Idaho, Mont., N.Dak.

erect (glabrous or arachnose and glabrescent [tomentose to lanate]). Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering); alternate; petiolate; blades pinnati-palmately [pinnately

tan, prominent). Phyllaries 7–14, outer linear, 6–12 × 0.8–1.5 mm, inner lanceovate, 1–5 × 0.8–1.5 mm. Paleae 3–4.3 × 1.5–3 mm, resin-glands oval, 1–1.8 mm

canescent, hispid, or strigillose, rarely ± hirsute or glabrate. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–4 cm; blades (often bluish green) lanceolate

than campanulate [cylindric, funnelform] throats, lobes 5, deltate to lanceovate; anther thecae dark; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines [0]. Cypselae ± prismatic

flowering, sessile or widely winged-petiolate (petioles clasping), blades lanceovate or obovate to elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 40–200 × 4–40 mm, bases cuneate

Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves mostly opposite; blades lanceovate to lance-linear, 5–20 mm wide, margins flat, apices acute

smaller, narrower, distal mostly linear. Peduncles mostly 0–2 mm, some narrowly clavate, 12–45 (–85+) mm. Phyllaries: outer 5–6 lanceovate to lanceolate, 4–7

[–40], plumose [ciliate], setiform scales. x = 10. Introduced; mostly tropical, mostly New World Species ca. 26 (1 in the flora). Powell, A. M. 1965. Taxonomy

erect, scabro-hispid. Leaves mostly basal; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate; petioles 0–1 cm; blades lanceovate to oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate

usually tomentose or floccose. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–10 cm; blades ovate to lanceovate, 15–25 × 10–20 cm, bases truncate to

Stems erect, sparsely hispid. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1.2–5 cm; blades ovate to lanceovate, 4.5–13 × 1–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins

pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate (sometimes subopposite); petioles 0–3 mm; blades 3-nerved from bases, lanceolate or lanceovate, 10–50 × 4–20 mm, bases

3-nerved (distal to bases), elliptic, lanceolate, or lanceovate, 30–90 × 20–45 mm (lengths mostly 2–2.5 times widths), bases rounded to rounded-cuneate

Plants 8–12 (–20) dm. Stems scabrellous to pilosulous, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades lance-linear, 6–14 (–20) cm × 7–15 (–25) mm, l/w = 7–10

winged, at least proximal). Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite); blades lanceovate or lance-elliptic to lance-linear, 5–12 (–22+)

rarely entire; cauline similar, smaller, margins dentate or entire. Heads mostly in glomerules (axillary and nearly sessile), some borne singly (on ± elongate

gray-green, lanceolate or lanceovate, 5–15 (–20+) × 2–5 (–10) cm (earliest sometimes, later seldom, pinnately lobed, mostly toward tips), bases usually

without thorns, spreading, young branches mostly pubescent. Leaves: petiole 0.5-1.2 mm. Leaf-blade lanceovate to broadly ovate or deltate, 5-12 × 3-6 (-9)

Flowers solitary; sepals reddish-brown to green; dorsal sepal lanceolate to lanceovate or elliptic, 19–52 × 5–22 mm; lateral sepals connate, synsepal 17–49 ×

cm. Calyculi of broadly deltate-ovate to lanceovate or lance-linear bractlets 2–6+ mm. Phyllaries lanceovate to lanceolate, 6–9 (–12) mm. Ray laminae yellow

Association Plants 15–60 cm. Roots few–several, spreading to descending, tuberous, mostly to 1 cm diam. Leaves persisting through anthesis or fugaceous, basal, often

perpendicular to floral axis, mostly blue or purple, lanceovate, (10-) 15-25 × 8-12 mm, apex broadly acute or obtuse; petals: spurs mostly blue or purple, hooked

atkinsoniana (plants mostly 50–150+ cm, seldom branched from bases; cypselae 2.5–3 mm, “narrowly” winged; pappi 0.1–0.2 mm; mostly Idaho, Montana, Oregon

on page 175. Shrubs, 50–130 cm. Leaves mostly alternate; petioles (0–) 3–7 mm; blades lanceolate to lanceovate, 1.4–4.3 × 0.6–2.5 cm, margins ± laciniate

alternate; petioles 10–70 mm; blades 3-nerved from bases, deltate-ovate, lanceovate, or subcordate, 15–120 × 20–70 mm, bases acute, truncate, or subcordate

cm. Stems erect, usually hispid. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lanceovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate

erect, hispid to hirsute. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–4 cm; blades lance-linear or lanceovate to ovate, 3–15 × 2–6 cm, bases cuneate

bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 2, ± 3-veined, lanceolate to lanceovate, ± equal, apex acute, beakless. Flowers campanulate, 4–7 mm; tepals erect

Stems mostly 5–15+, erect. Leaves mostly cauline, (1–) 2–5 cm; largest blades lanceovate or deltate, ± plane, 1-pinnately lobed; lobes mostly 2–5 pairs

glandular. Leaves mostly in 3s–4s; petioles (0.7–) 1.3–2.8 (–3.6) mm, glabrate to densely ciliate; blades pinnately veined, lanceovate or ovate to deltate-ovate

lanuginose or pannose. Stems mostly 5–15+, usually erect. Leaves usually ± cauline, sometimes ± basal, 5–10 cm; largest blades lanceovate or deltate, ± plane,

Treatment on page 57. Mentioned on page 41. Stems erect, few, moderately leafy mostly in proximal 2/3, few branched, 7–15 dm, glabrous basally, glabrous or sparsely

Association Plants 10–100+ cm. Roots several, horizontally spreading, slender, mostly to 0.3 cm diam. Leaves persisting through anthesis, basal, gradually or

8–4.3 (–5) mm wide. Inflorescences 8–30 cm; proximal bract (3–) 9–35 cm, mostly equaling or exceeding inflorescence; proximal 1–3 spikes pistillate, erect

± hemispheric or broader, 6–8 (–12) × 10–15 mm. Phyllaries 7–8 (–13), lanceovate to lance-linear, 6–8 (–12) mm. Ray-florets (5–) 8–10+; laminae yellow

summits. Leaves: petioles glabrous; blades lance-elliptic to lanceolate or lanceovate, 8–25 × 2.5–9 cm, relatively thin, bases gradually narrowed, abaxial faces

Stems not branched. Cauline leaves mostly alternate; blades usually linear to lance-linear, sometimes lanceovate, 3–6 mm (–18+) wide. Heads borne singly

(with crown buds). Stems erect, (unbranched) glabrous, eglandular. Leaves mostly basal; opposite (proximal) or alternate; petioles obscure (intergrading

summits. Leaves: petioles glabrous; blades lance-elliptic to lanceolate or lanceovate, 8–25 × 2.5–9 cm, relatively thin, bases gradually narrowed, abaxial faces

3-nerved from bases, deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 7–30 × 4–28 mm, bases mostly obtuse to subtruncate, sometimes acuminate, margins serrate, apices acute

reddish or yellowish, smooth or subangular. Leaves with blade ovate to lanceovate or lanceolate to oblong, 15–45 mm, large basal lobes, obtuse, cuneate

petioles pubescent to glabrescent; blades lance-elliptic to lanceolate or lanceovate, usually 6–17 × 1.5–5 (–7) cm, relatively firm, bases gradually or abruptly

alternate to subopposite, widespreading; blade elliptic-lanceolate to lanceovate or ovate-suborbiculate, 6–12 × 3–7 cm. Flowers solitary; sepals white

thin to firm, margins slightly recurved, scabrous, faces glabrous; basal mostly withering by flowering, petiolate (petioles narrowly winged, sheathing)

Involucres hemispheric or broader, 5–6 × 5–8 mm. Phyllaries (6–) 8+, lanceovate to lanceolate, 4–5 mm. Ray-florets 8–13; laminae golden yellow, 12–25+

Plants 10–50 (–120+) cm (annuals, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximal usually opposite); blades deltate-ovate or rhombic to

Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 4–5 × 6–10 mm. Phyllaries 6–8+, lanceovate to lanceolate, 4–7 mm. Ray-florets 8; laminae golden yellow, 10–25+ mm

Leaves mostly in 3s–4s; petioles 7–25 mm, glabrous; blades usually ± 3-nerved, rarely pinnately veined, deltate-ovate or ovate to lanceovate, 5–16 × 2–8

proximal leaves, distal ones sessile; blade 3-veined at base, ovate to lanceovate, or deltoid-ovate, (10–) 25–75 mm and often as broad, margin irregularly

(5–15 cm, petioles not or narrowly winged, sheathing), blades ovate to lanceovate or lanceolate, 25–120 × 15–50 mm, bases usually shallowly, sometimes deeply

densely hirsute and glanddotted. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 1–6 cm; blades lanceolate to lanceovate, 2.5–5 × 1–2 cm, bases cuneate, margins

glabrous or ± hispid. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite (proximal) or mostly alternate; petioles 1.5–6 cm; blades lanceolate to lanceovate, 7–17.5 × 1.7–8.5 cm,

arachnose. Leaves (crowded) sessile; blades oblong to elliptic, lanceovate, or ovate, mostly 8–20 × 3–7 cm (bases clasping to subclasping), margins coarsely

near base, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or often triangular-ovate or lanceovate, 30–125 × 25–60 (–80) mm, thickened, basal or subbasal lobes spreading

horizontal to widely patent, rarely ± erect, (dark green); petioles winged mostly narrowly; blades oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate (runcinate), (1.5–)

6–10 (–15) dm. Stems puberulent to ± tomentose. Leaves mostly cauline; blades elliptic to lanceovate or lanceolate, 8–15 (–18+) cm × 20–45 (–75+) mm, l/w

(often reddish) erect, hairy. Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 0.7–2.5 cm; blades lance-linear to lanceovate or ovate, 3–15 × 0.5–3 cm, bases

margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, terete or ± winged-angled, mostly 10–20 cm × 1–2.5 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, compact, 8–27-flowered, hemispheric-globose

to ± broadly winged, ciliate, bases ± sheathing), blades oblanceolate, lanceovate or ovate to spatulate or suborbiculate, 5–35 × 7–25 mm, abruptly attenuate

narrowly winged, sheathing, densely pilose or hirsute), blades ovate to lanceovate, 10–60 × 10–35 mm, deeply to shallowly cordate or rounded, margins crenate

proximal mostly persistent, petiolate to subpetiolate (petioles ± widely winged, bases dilated, strongly auriculate-clasping), blades ovate to lanceovate or

sessile; blades (thick, reticulate-veined) oblong to elliptic, lanceovate, or ovate, mostly 3–10 (–13) × 1–4 cm (bases clasping), margins denticulate (apices

Inflorescences terminal and axillary from distal culm nodes, mostly diffuse clusters of corymbs; clusters mostly loose; bracteal leaves usually exceeded by inflorescences

page 212. Mentioned on page 208. Plants 10–20+ dm. Stems glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; blades ± lanceolate, 10–25 (–30+) cm × 15–35 (–60+) mm, l/w = 5–7+

hairy. Leaves cauline; all or mostly opposite; petioles 0–3 cm; blades (1-nerved or 3-nerved) lanceolate to lanceovate, 5–11 × 2–3.5 cm, bases cuneate

Stems decumbent to erect; internodes (1–) 3–12 (–18+) mm, strigose. Leaves mostly cauline, blades spatulate to narrowly oblanceolate, 8–12 (–25+) × 1–3 (–5+)

on page 196. Perennials, 40–60 cm. Internodes (± mid-stem) 3–8 cm. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petioles 5–15 mm, ciliate; blades elliptic to lanceolate

50–100+ cm (perennating bases ± erect, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); blades ovate-deltate to lance-elliptic

on page 208. Plants 8–20 (–30+) dm. Stems puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades ± lanceolate, 12–25+ cm × 20–60+ mm, l/w = (3.5–) 4–7+,

on page 207. Plants 4–6 (–10) dm. Stems ± puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves mostly basal; blades oblongelliptic to spatulate (basal, the distal narrower),

Subshrubs or shrubs (± pachycaul, fleshy), (10–) 30–250+ cm. Leaf lobes mostly filiform, 10–35 (–75) × 0.5–1 (–2) mm. Heads (1–) 8–12+ per stem. Peduncles

internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); blades ovate-deltate or ovate to lanceovate, 2–6 × 1–5 cm, bases rounded to

of North America Association Plants 2–5 (–8+) dm. Stems ± pannose. Leaves mostly cauline; blades linear, 5–8 cm × 2–4 mm, l/w = 17–25 (–40), abaxially densely

Perennials, 100–200+ cm (rhizomatous). Stems erect, glabrous (glaucous). Leaves mostly cauline; opposite (proximal) or alternate; petioles 1–3 cm; blades (light

appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 485. Perennials, 30–80 cm. Leaves mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate); petioles 0–3 (–5) mm; blades (raised

rhizomes, internodes winged). Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite); blades ± lanceovate to lanceolate, 5–12+ × 2–5+ cm, bases ± cuneate

bluish, glacous). Leaves cauline; all or mostly opposite; sessile; blades (1-nerved) lanceolate to lanceovate, 7–16.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, bases cuneate, margins

peduncle usually (5–) 6–12+, distalmost 1–3 internodes 4–12 cm. Leaves: mostly cauline on proximal 1/2–2/3 of plant heights; petioles 0–35+ mm; blades

Mentioned on page 208. Plants 3–12+ dm. Stems puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades ± lanceolate, 5–12 (–20+) cm × 5–18 (–40+) mm, l/w = 5–9

Plants 5–10+ dm. Stems sparsely appressed-puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades (mid-stem) lance-linear to filiform, 5–12 cm × 2–4 (–8+)

page 207, 208. Plants 3–5 (–8+) dm. Stems puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades narrowly lanceolate to lance-linear, 5–15+ cm × (2.5–) 8–12+

50–90 cm. Stems branched from bases, densely pubescent, glanddotted. Leaves mostly opposite (sometimes alternate); petioles 2–5 mm; blades 3-nerved from bases

208. Plants 6–12 (–20+) dm. Stems puberulent. Leaves mostly cauline; blades elliptic to lanceovate or lanceolate, 6–16 (–20+) cm × 18–48+ mm, l/w = 2.5–4

Mentioned on page 208. Plants 2–3 (–5+) dm. Stems glabrous or glabrate. Leaves mostly cauline; blades lance-linear to linear, 3–7+ cm × 2–8+ mm, l/w = 7–15+,

acute to obtuse, faces usually glabrous, sometimes very sparsely villous (mostly along midveins). Calyculi of 8–14, appressed to spreading, later reflexed

(with crown buds). Stems erect, usually hispid to ± hirsute. Leaves mostly basal; mostly opposite; petioles 0–3 cm (broadly winged); blades (3-nerved distal

Va., W.Va. Bushy to wiry, nearly glabrous plants with leaf blades mostly simple, mostly oblanceolate, and 2–15+ mm wide and with relatively small heads,

60-200 cm tall, 3-7 mm thick below. Leaves predominantly basal; sheaths mostly glabrous, throats pilose; ligules 1-2 mm; blades 20-70 cm long, 6-20 mm

first peduncle usually 6–10+, distalmost 1–3 internodes 4–7+ cm. Leaves: mostly cauline on proximal 2/3–7/8 of plant heights; petioles 0 or 10–35+ mm; blades

slightly hairy. Leaves basal and cauline; mostly opposite; petioles 1–5 cm; blades lanceolate to lanceovate, 10–25 × 2–8 cm, bases cuneate, margins serrulate

cauline; mostly opposite, sometimes alternate (distal); petioles 1–3 cm; blades (light to dark green, 3-nerved distal to bases) lanceolate to lanceovate or ovate

Stems decumbent to ± erect, glabrous or glabrate (glaucous). Leaves cauline; mostly opposite; sessile; blades (often bluish green, 1-nerved or 3-nerved) linear

than 10 (–15), horizontal to patent or ± erect; petioles narrowly winged (mostly distally); blades oblanceolate (sometimes runcinate), 2.8–8 × 0.5–1.4 cm

erect, hairy. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 0–1.2 cm (ciliate); blades (3-nerved from bases) lanceolate to lanceovate, 7–20 × 1.2–3.5 cm, bases

oblanceoloid, 3–3.7 (–4) mm, mostly broad, cones conic, 0.4–0.7 mm, beaks slender, 3.5–4.5 mm, ribs 10–13 (5–6 prominent), mostly broad, faces proximally tuberculate

to widely attenuate or cuneate; distal (arrays) sessile, lanceolate to lanceovate or elliptic to oblanceolate, 6–52 × 1–17 mm, rapidly reduced distally

deltate to triangular, acute to acuminate, teeth 0–1 on lobes, often more or mostly in sinuses, apices obtuse to sometimes acute, sometimes mucronate, faces

subclasping; mid short-petiolate to subpetiolate or sessile, blades lanceolate to lanceovate, oblong to oblanceolate, or obovate to spatulate, 25–95 × 6–35 mm, gradually

winged, wings revolute, bases dilated, sheathing, ciliate, blades ovate to lanceovate, 100–120 (–150) × (30–) 60–80 mm, gradually reduced distally, bases shallowly

and shallowly lobed, sometimes ± deeply (not lacerate) to dentate, lobes mostly retrorse, usually triangular, sometimes deltate or lanceolate, ± acuminate

bases attenuate, margins usually shallowly lobed to sometimes lacerate (mostly proximally), lobes retrorse or straight, broadly deltate to triangular,

Treatment on page 251. Mentioned on page 242, 244, 252. Plants (1.5–) 3–9 (–16, mostly in fruit) cm; taproots sometimes branched. Stems 1–3+, ascending, proximally

(hairs sometimes crisped). Peduncles 1–10 (–20) cm. Phyllaries 15–26, lanceovate to lanceolate, 6–14+ mm, scabrellous. Receptacular setae 0 or 0.1–0.5+