Systematics and phylogeny of the Compositae (Asteraceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 125: 29–46. Antonio, T. M. and S. Masi. 2001. The Sunflower Family in the Upper Midwest
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D. Sundberg† Basionym: Undefined subg. Virgulus Rafinesque Fl. Tellur. 2: 46. 1837 Synonyms: Aster subg. Virgulus (Rafinesque) A. G. Jones Treatment appears
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Thalictrum texanum, Thalictrum venulosum (de Candolle) B. Boivin Rhodora 46: 432. 1944. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Basionym: Heterogamia de
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abundant, cellular, fleshy. Nearly worldwide Genera ca. 120, species ca. 4100 (46 genera, 212 species in the flora). The closest relatives of the broadly defined
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filaments). Sidalcea 45 Involucellar bractlets present; staminal column single > 46 46 Mericarps elliptic in cross section, edges rounded, walls readily separating
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appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 40. Mentioned on page 14, 15, 16, 25, 46, 47, 50, 52. Herbs, perennial [annual], often suffrutescent, glabrous or pubescent
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dasycarpum, Thalictrum macrostylum, Thalictrum pubescens (Greene) B. Boivin Rhodora 46: 469. 1944. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Basionym: Leucocoma Greene
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Welsh Basionym: Argenteae Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 46. 1916 Synonyms: Powellianae Standley Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned
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leaf margins with relatively few or no callous denticles; 2n = 40, 44, or 46 or polyploid derivatives) Packera 10 Disc florets (all or mostly) functionally
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wings absent or present. > 46 46 Bracteoles ± as large as calyx lobes, nearly surrounding calyces of flowers they subtend. Chelone 46 Bracteoles smaller than
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acute or apiculate (rarely spinose) > 46 46 Seeds with appendage present, elliptic, white, spongy Moehringia 46 Seeds with appendage absent Arenaria
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hypostomatous, narrowly to broadly elliptic, circular, subcircular, or obovate, 13–46 × 7–20 mm, 1–3.4 times as long as wide, base subcordate, cordate, rounded
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lanceolate to oblong, 7–19 × 3–6 mm; petiole 5–46 mm, glabrous; blade asymmetric, ovate to ± reniform, (28–) 46–72 [–80] × (28–) 33–85 mm, base cuneate on
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8–45 per cell. > 46 46 Seed coat cell papillae 8–12 per cell; leaf blade widest intersinus distances 3.4–19 mm. Mentzelia mexicana 46 Seed coat cell papillae
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florets 5–15; cypselae heteromorphic (3–25 mm, outer longer than inner) > 46 46 Leaves ovate to suborbiculate, coarsely dentate; heads in corymbiform to
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Pseudoditrichum mirabile Steere & Z. Iwatsuki Canad. J. Bot. 52: 701, figs. 1 – 46. 1974. A. Jonathan Shaw Endemic Etymology: Greek pseudes, false, and genus
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about twice as thick as the lateral awns, divergent to arcuate-reflexed. > 46 46 All 3 awns divergent to reflexed and contorted at the base; lower rachis
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P. B. Cox & Urbatsch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 45. Perennials, 50–300 cm (robust, rhizomatous or fibrous-rooted)
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eurycephala var. lewisrosei (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio eurycephalus Torrey & A. Gray
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dimorphophylla var. paysonii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Senecio dimorphophyllus Greene
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tetrahedral-globose, trilete (rarely monolete), tuberculate or ridged. x = 34, 46, 47. Worldwide, mostly tropical Species ca. 70 (3 in the flora). Tryon, R
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Inner florets: corollas tardily falling, 1–2.3 mm. Cypselae 5–9 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Oct. Habitat: Woods, forests, usually in shade Elevation:
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Isolepis 45 Spikelets with (1–)3 scales. Lipocarpha 46 Spikelets with all scales subtending flowers. Isolepis 46 Spikelets with 1+ proximal scales empty. > 47
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appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 46, 51, 52, 62, 70. Shrubs or trees, erect or spreading, unarmed or armed with
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G. Andrews & Windham in Windham in Windham,Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 46. 1993. Elisabeth G. Andrews, Michael D. Windham Illustrated Basionym: Acrostichum
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×herveyi (Cassini) Cassini in F. Cuvier in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, 16: 46. 1820. Luc Brouillet Common names: Aster Etymology: Greek eurys, wide, and
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species, Pentachaeta aurea Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 8, 9, 10, 11, 206. Annuals, 2–48 cm (taprooted). Stems
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Hesperonia Standley Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 41. Herbs, herbaceous to suffrutescent or shrubby perennial
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Grimmia crinitoleucophaea, Grimmia plagiopodia Schimper Coroll. Bryol. Eur., 46. 1856,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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8–1 mm, laterally winged to apex. Seeds with 10–15 distinct ribs. 2n = 40, 46, 50 Phenology: Flowering (rare) summer�early fall. Habitat: Eutrophic, quiet
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10–100 stomates; pigment cells absent in vegetative tissue. 2n = 30, 40, 42, 44–46, 50, 60, 62 (Europe, Africa). Phenology: Flowering (very rare) late spring–summer
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Capsules orange, subglobose, 4–8 × 5–9 mm, glabrous. Seeds dark-brown, 6 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Thickets, woodland margins,
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distinctly lobed; inflorescences 3–15-flowered; sepals shorter than petals > 46 46 Stamens (10–)20; pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep
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transverse yellow bands. > 46 46 Petals lavender to deep purple, usually with purple blotch at base. Calochortus splendens 46 Petals white, usually flushed
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genusHalimolobos speciesHalimolobos jaegeri (Munz) Rollins Harvard Pap. Bot. 1: 46. 1993. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, C. Donovan Bailey Basionym: Sisymbrium diffusum
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Inflorescences 2-3 cm; leaf blades 2.5-3.5 cm. Ribes marshallii 46 Stamen lengths 3-5 times petals > 47 46 Stamen lengths shorter than to 1.2 times petals > 48 47
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helicoid cymes; style unbranched at apex. Hemerocallis 46 Inflorescences dense, racemose. Muscari 46 Inflorescences open, racemose or paniculate. > 47 47
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seeds 1-2(-2.5) × 0.9-1.5 mm > 46 46 Fruits erect, appressed to rachises; ovules 24-40 per ovary. Boechera paupercula 46 Fruits ascending, divaricate, or
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 43, 45, 46, 76. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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temperate, and alpine areas, also very diverse in neotropical cloud forests Genera 46, species ca. 1600 (12 genera, 58 species in the flora) None. Agarista, Andromeda
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117, 126, 127, 136, 159. Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–46 (–60) cm, with branching rhizomes forming colonies or not. Stems 1–3 (4),
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appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 46, 85, 108, 115. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America
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Pseudocalliergon trifarium, Pseudocalliergon turgescens (Limpricht) Loeske Hedwigia 46: 311. 1907. Lars Hedenäs, Norton G. Miller† Etymology: Greek pseudes, false
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Homomallium incurvatum, Homomallium mexicanum (Schimper) Loeske Hedwigia 46: 314. 1907. Steven G. Newmaster Etymology: Greek homos, similar, and mallos
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douglasii, Neckera menziesii, Neckera pennata Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 200, plate 46, figs. 10 – 15. , plates 47, 48. 1801. Inés Sastre-De Jesús Etymology: For
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blade margins entire > 46 45 Cauline leaf blade margins pinnately divided, sinuate, or dentate > 52 46 Plants biennial. Boechera 46 Plants perennial (with
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petals spreading, oblong, 6-7 mm. Sedum rupestre 46 Plants not forming rosettes or offsets > 47 46 Plants forming rosettes, or offsets formed at time
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glumes or, if subequal, more than 1/2 as wide. > 46 46 Panicle branches smooth, hairy, hairs soft Koeleria 46 Panicle branches smooth or scabrous, glabrous
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Lower Taxa Arrhenopterum heterostichum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 198, plate 46, figs. 1 – 9. 1801. Norton G. Miller† Etymology: Greek, arrhen, strong, and
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 49. Mentioned on page 46, 48. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Capsules 1.3–1.6 mm. Seeds 0.2–0.3 mm, reticulate; endosperm absent. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat: Damp mineral soils, sandy ditches,
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5–4.5 mm. Staminate spathes 2–4-flowered, 7.5–12 mm; pedicel to 80 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowers summer–fall. Habitat: Shallow waters of lakes and streams
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leucantha Rusby L. vulgaris Seringe Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 45. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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Leaves: petiole 3–21 mm; blade lanceolate to ovate or distal sometimes linear, 3–46 × 2–24 mm; distal well developed or greatly reduced. Pedicels 5–24 mm, 0.7–1
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1837.. Sam P. Vander Kloet Basionym: Oxycoccus Hill Brit. Herb. 324, plate 46 [lower left]. 1756 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 518
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 108. Mentioned on page 43, 46, 47, 77, 84, 85, 105, 109, 115. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 206. Mentioned on page 11, 17, 18, 46, 209, 210. Annuals or perennials, 5–30 cm (sometimes glandular); taprooted
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 46. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants
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chasmogamous, autumnal cleistogamous. Cypselae tan to purplish, 6–10 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering (chasmogamous) Mar–early Jun, (cleistogamous) Aug–Nov
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 43, 45, 46. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Sanionia orthothecioides, Sanionia symmetrica, Sanionia uncinata Loeske Hedwigia 46: 309. 1907. Lars Hedenäs Etymology: For Carl Gustav Sanio, 1832–1891, German
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appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 107. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 46, 108, 109. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 118. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 46, 119, 120, 132. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North
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and P. floribunda (Cruciferae) and their close relatives. Canad. J. Bot. 46: 735–740. Payson, E. B. 1921. A monograph of the genus Lesquerella. Ann. Missouri
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 141. Mentioned on page 46, 99. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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densely cespitose, (0.3–) 1–5 × 1.5–6 dm. Leaves ascending to erect, (3–) 9–46 × 0.5–2 cm; blade light green to yellowish green or dark green with white
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low, not 2-fid; leaves stiff, erect-appressed when dry > 46 46 Vaginula with hairs present > 47 46 Vaginula with hairs absent > 48 47 Capsule ribs thin, delicate
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Leaves straight when dry, flagelliform innovations absent > 46 46 Sporophytes present > 47 46 Sporophytes absent > 51 47 Capsule immersed > 48 47 Capsule
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275–281. Sauer, J. D. 1955. Revision of the dioecious amaranths. Madroño 13: 5–46. Sauer, J. D. 1967b. The grain amaranths and their relatives: A revised taxonomic
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concave or slightly convex. > 46 46 Perigynia transversely wrinkled; leaf sheaths sparsely septate-nodulose. Carex sect. Shortianae 46 Perigynia not transversely
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or whorled. > 46 45 Leaves 2(–3); flowers, 2–100, in racemes. Listera 45 Leaves whorled, usually 5; flowers 1(–2, rarely). Isotria 46 Flowers with protruding
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0–2-seeded); valves glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules [12–] 20–36 (–46) [–276] per ovary; (style obsolete or distinct); stigma capitate or somewhat
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unfolded; petiole (9–) 12.8–19 (–28) mm; blade elliptic to suborbiculate, (22–) 33–46 (–61) × (13–) 25–32 (–50) mm, base subcordate to truncate, each margin with
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 31, 46. Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. Stems biennial, ascending, often arching, glabrous
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petiole (14–) 16–21.8 (–24) mm; blade elliptic to slightly obovate, (39–) 46–65 (–77) × (25–) 26–38 (–45) mm, base subcordate or rounded, each margin with
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petiole (9–) 12.1–19.9 (–28) mm; blade ovate-oval, (33–) 41–58 (–72) × (24–) 30–46 (–57) mm, base rounded to subcordate, each margin with (2–) 6–10 (–15) teeth
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 70. Mentioned on page 43, 45, 46, 71, 109. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America
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laminal cells 16–46 × 2–3 µm. Branch leaves strongly seriate, strongly concave, 1.1–1.7 × 0.3–0.6 mm; apex short, broad; medial laminal cells 16–46 × 2–3 µm,
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cauline leaves; bracteoles present or absent. Pedicels present. Flowers 4–46 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets, if present, 5 (10 in G. glaciale); hypanthium
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insularis, Ceanothus megacarpus var. megacarpus Nuttall N. Amer. Sylv. 2: 46. 1846. Clifford L. Schmidt†, Dieter H. Wilken Endemic Basionym: Ceanothus
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foliosa, Oönopsis foliosa var. monocephala foliosa (A. Gray) Greene Pittonia 3: 46. 1896. Gregory K. Brown, Guy L. Nesom Common names: Leafy-bracted or leafy
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Lower Taxa Warnstorfia fluitans, Warnstorfia pseudostraminea Loeske Hedwigia 46: 310. 1907. Lars Hedenäs Etymology: For Carl Friedrich E. Warnstorf, 1837–1921
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Baeriinae genusConstancea Show Lower Taxa Constancea nevinii B. G. Baldwin Madroño 46: 159. 2000. Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother Etymology: For Lincoln Constance
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reflexed-spreading, adaxial erect; stamens long-exserted, filaments orange, 15–46 mm; style long-exserted, 28–36 mm, glabrous. Capsules brown, ovoid, 9.5–13
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1820 (as Loefflingia). Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 46. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 76. Mentioned on page 45, 46, 77, 85. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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red, suborbicular to reniform, 2 mm, not shiny, warty, strophiolate. 2n = 46, 92. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat: Well-drained granitic talus slopes
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evergreen, 40–85 cm. Petiole straw-colored to tan, spaced 0.5–4 cm apart, 15–46 cm × 4–6 mm, base scaly; scales lanceolate. Blade deltate-pentagonal, 2–3-pinnate
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subgenusCyperus subg. Pycnostachys speciesCyperus fuscus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Common names:
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3–4 mm, limbs 3.5–4.5 mm. Cypselae 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 5–7 mm. 2n = 46. Generated Map Legacy Map Calif., Oreg., Wash. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora)
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 48. Mentioned on page 46. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems
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loculicidal and then septicidal, fruit falling apart. Seeds 1 per locule. 2n = 36, 46. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting (spring–)summer–fall. Habitat: Agricultural
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corolla-tube; stamens exserted laterally through slits between petal claws. 2n = 46. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., n Mexico Subspecies 2 (2 in
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Janice Coffey Swab Illustrated Basionym: Luzula kobayasii Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 544. 1932 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
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widest blade 6.4–11.8 mm wide. Longest staminate spike (10–) 12–25 mm. 2n = 44, 46. Phenology: Fruiting spring–early summer. Habitat: Low, wet, deciduous or
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Buchanan-Hamilton ex Bentham Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: sub plate 1770, genus no. 46. 1835. Robert E. Preston Introduced Etymology: Hindi do, two, and patra, leaves
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Atriplex holocarpa, Atriplex lindleyi Buxbaum Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 76: 46. 1927. Stanley L. Welsh Synonyms: Halimoides Ulbrich Treatment appears in
3 KB (434 words) - 09:35, 30 July 2020
corolla-tube; stamens exserted laterally through slits between petal claws. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Aug. Habitat: Sandy, gravelly, or rocky canyon slopes
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sectionThalictrum sect. Heterogamia speciesThalictrum arkansanum B. Boivin Rhodora 46: 433. 1944. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Conservation concernEndemic
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or incumbent (in Cakile). North America, Eurasia, n Africa, widely Genera 46, species ca. 245 (13 genera, 28 species in the flora). The generic boundaries
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mm at widest. Go to couplet 57 45 Achenes 0.75–1.2(–1.3) mm at widest. > 46 46 Inflorescences erect, 1–4.5 cm; spikes slightly separated to congested, base
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Illustrated Basionym: Ageratum wrightii Torrey & A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 1: 46. 1847 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 487. Mentioned
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Basionym: Euchroma angustifolia Nuttall J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 46. 1834 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 586. Mentioned
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ovate, sometimes lanceolate to oblanceolate, obovate, or broadly elliptic, 4–46 × 0.5–20 mm, succulent, margins often crenulate, apex acute to acuminate or
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mm; rostellum 4–5 mm. Capsules 14 × 8 mm. Seeds largely polyembryonic. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering mid Mar–early Jul. Habitat: Open, dry to moist habitats
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appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 129. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 46, 130. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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speciesCastilleja dissitiflora N. H. Holmgren Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21(4): 46, figs. 6–8. 1971. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard
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fitting in perigynia. Style slender ascending through entire orifice. 2n = 44, 46. Generated Map Legacy Map Ont., Ala., Ark., Conn., D.C., Del., Ga., Ill.,
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ocellata, Euphorbia ocellata subsp. rattanii Durand & Hilgard Pl. Heermann., 46. 1854. Victor W. Steinmann, Jeffery J. Morawetz, Paul E. Berry, Jess A. Peirson
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purplish brown, base strongly thickened, bulbous. Inflorescences: racemes lax, 11–46 × 1–2.5 cm. Flowers 5–26, inconspicuous; perianth open or closed; sepals and
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glandular. Receptacles shallowly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 14–46, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 25–130, bisexual, fertile;
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var. alaskanum, Aconogonon alaskanum var. glabrescens (Small) Soják Preslia 46: 150. 1974. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Alaska wild-rhubarb
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on page 111, 118, 161. Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–46 cm. Stems 1–3, erect, leafless proximally, leafy distally, glabrous or puberulent
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Aconogonon davisiae var. glabrum (W. H. Brewer ex A. Gray) Soják Preslia 46: 151. 1974. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Davis’s knotweed
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Hylotelephium telephioides, Hylotelephium telephium H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 46, figs. 1–3. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Orpine stonecrop Etymology:
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Crotonopsis linearis Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 186, plate 46. 1803 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 220. Mentioned
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bisexual, with paleas. 46. Calluses glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lemmas (1)3(5)-veined; spikelets 1-26 mm long, 0.6-9 mm wide Eragrostis 46 Calluses densely
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pubescent to tomentose. > 46 45 Leaf blade abaxially glabrous except for tufts of tomentum in vein axils, especially along midrib. > 52 46 Plants evergreen; California
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11–18 mm Helianthus cusickii 46 Leaves sessile (3-nerved from bases), bases rounded to cordate Helianthus divaricatus 46 Leaves sessile or petiolate (3-nerved
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Valley region, California > 46 45 Involucres 0.3-1.2 mm, 4-5-toothed; n Arizona, sw Colorado, e Nevada, nw New Mexico, s Utah > 47 46 Flowering stems and branches
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manzanita Basionym: Arctostaphylos gabrielensis P. V. Wells Four Seasons 9(2): 46. 1992 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 444. Mentioned
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21, figs. 1–4. 1871 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 48. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora
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pilose, glandular. Leaf-blade broadly elliptic to obovate-oblong, (17-) 25-46 (-56) × (10-) 15-30 (-40) cm, base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate
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or, rarely, sparsely puberulent; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 30–46 per ovary; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, plump, not winged, oblong;
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among anthers; pedicel (0.1–) 0.2–1.6 (–1.8) cm, shorter than spathe. 2n = 46, 48. Phenology: Flowering late summer–early fall (Aug–Oct). Habitat: Primarily
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (12–) 15–46 (–64) cm (in flower). Leaves: blades on flowering-stems, (2.5–) 45–145 × (4–)
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 10, 46. Annuals, 5–30+ cm (taprooted). Stems erect, simple or branched distally,
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 48. Mentioned on page 3, 9, 46. Annuals, 5–30+ cm (taprooted). Stems usually erect, simple or branched (laterals
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Hauke Basionym: Equisetum robustum var. affine Engelmann Amer. J. Sci. Arts 46: 88. 1844 Synonyms: Equisetum hyemale var. affine (Engelmann) A.A. Eaton Equisetum
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees, to 46 m. Twigs greenish, reddish, or grayish brown, normally retaining color on
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Involucres distinctly and prominently ribbed at maturity. 2n = 38, 40, 42, (46). Phenology: Flowering Feb–Jul. Habitat: Sandy places, mixed grassland, saltbush
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amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cassini Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 46. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades
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Association Plants pale green to olive when dry. Spathe: outer 36–76 mm, 14–46 mm longer than inner, connate basally 1–3.5 mm; inner with hyaline margins
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G. Andrews & Windham in Windham in Windham,Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 46. 1993. Elisabeth G. Andrews, Michael D. Windham Common names: Rio Grande scaly
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 49. Mentioned on page 45, 46. Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomes often elongate, slender, plants colonial
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rarely some as high as wide, 0.15–0.3 (–0.5) × (0.3–) 0.4–0.6 mm. 2n = 44, 45, 46. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer. Habitat: Coastal (rarely inland) fresh
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blades oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear; calyx lobes (2.2–)3–8(–9) mm. > 46 46 Pollen sac sides villous or lanate, hairs to 2.5 mm; cauline leaf blades
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limbs 2–3 mm. Cypselae 1–1.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 4.5–5.5 mm. 2n = 40, 44, 46, 80. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Sask., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Iowa
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Gray ex Britton in H. N. Patterson in H. N. Patterson, Cat. Pl. Illinois, 46. 1876. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis
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purplish margins, glabrous, keels usually denticulate; outer 36–76 mm, 12–46 mm longer than inner, slightly constricted proximal to apex, margins basally
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sepals. Capsules (3–) 3.5–4 (–4.5) mm. Seeds smooth to slightly pebbled. 2n = 46, 66. Phenology: Flowering spring–early autumn. Habitat: Coastal, moist, sandy
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mm, usually hirtellous on ribs, sometimes glabrous; pappi 5–6+ mm. 2n = 44, 46, 92. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Colo., N.Mex., Utah, w Mexico Varieties
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Hicoria ovata (Miller) Britton Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees, to 46 m. Bark light gray, fissured or exfoliating, separating freely into long strips
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glabrescent or pilose; blade ovate or oblong, sometimes slightly falcate, 8–46 × 3–21 mm, base asymmetric, obtuse to hemicordate, margins serrulate, apex
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glabrous or pubescent, not usually ciliate; blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2–46 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes dentate, rarely lobed or lacerate, lobes
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noir EndemicIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 30, 31, 43, 44. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright:
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to the chaffy sepals Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 5, 29, 47. Herbs, annual. Taproots slender. Stems prostrate
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rounded, rarely if ever cordate; cotyledons connate; east of Pecos River. > 46 46 Low rhizomatous shrubs, with several ±straight stems 0.2-0.7(-2)m, emerging
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Candidae Show Lower Taxa Salix candida C. K. Schneider Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 46. 1904. George W. Argus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page
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subgenusEquisetum subg. Equisetum speciesEquisetum laevigatum A. Braun Amer. J. Sci. Arts 46: 87. 1844. Richard L. Hauke Common names: Smooth scouring rush Basionym: Equisetum
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40–70 leaves at maturity, light green to yellowish, round-topped. Leaves 19–46 × 1.2–2 cm; margins edentate, or denticulate only near and at base. Flowers
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mature, globose, 7–10 mm diam., glabrous. Seeds orange, ellipsoid, 6 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Thickets, woodland margins,
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Albidae Show Lower Taxa Eleocharis albida S. González & P. M. Peterson Taxon 46: 440. 1997. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*
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to ovate to deltate or cordate, 2–117 × 2–48 cm. Petiole of fertile leaf 1–46 cm. Blade of fertile leaf 3–4-pinnate proximally, 2-pinnate distally; terminal
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 4, 46. Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ky., La., Mass., Miss
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appears in FNA Volume 2. Sporangia containing 64 spores; spores averaging 39–46 µm diam. 2n = 58. Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall. Habitat: Rocky calcareous
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genusPhemeranthus speciesPhemeranthus spinescens (Torrey) Hershkovitz Taxon 46: 222. 1997. Robert W. Kiger IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Talinum spinescens Torrey
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acuminata varietyLuzula acuminata var. carolinae (S. Watson) Fernald Rhodora 46:5. 1944. Janice Coffey Swab IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Luzula carolinae
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Richard W. Spellenberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 43, 45. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of
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speciesPseudoditrichum mirabile Steere & Z. Iwatsuki Canad. J. Bot. 52: 701, figs. 1 – 46. 1974. A. Jonathan Shaw EndemicIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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T. Whittemore Basionym: Undefined subg. Oxygraphis Bunge Verz. Altai Pfl., 46. 1836 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Plants glabrous. Stems erect from
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genusConstancea speciesConstancea nevinii (A. Gray) B. G. Baldwin Madroño 46: 160. 2000. Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother IllustratedEndemicConservation
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glabrate proximally; calyx lobes subequal. > 46 46 Corolla tube-throats 6–8 mm, limbs 3–5 mm diam. Diplacus leptaleus 46 Corolla tube-throats (8–)9–22(–25) mm
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sometimes almost orbiculate, base ± attenuate to ± truncate; petioles distinct > 46 46 Leaf blades densely white- or reddish brown-hairy; petal spots usually distinct
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 56. Mentioned on page 46, 55, 57. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek, Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora
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Leaves: proximal cauline subpetiolate to sessile, blades oblanceolate, (13–) 22–46 (–60) × (3.5–) 5.3–10 (–14) mm, bases attenuate to somewhat rounded, margins
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erect, green or yellow, apices white, yellow, or pink, 2–4 (–5) mm. 2n = 24, 46, 48. Phenology: Flowering Jan–Sep. Habitat: Damp or wet meadows, roadsides
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Musc., suppl., 64, plate 46. 1874. Dale H. Vitt Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 52. Mentioned on page 46. Plants 0.5–4 cm, dark green
6 KB (498 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
genusPackera speciesPackera debilis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Weak groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPackera speciesPackera clevelandii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Cleveland’s ragwort Endemic Basionym:
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genusPackera speciesPackera crocata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Saffron ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPackera speciesPackera breweri (Burtt Davy) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Brewer’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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whorl) margins denticulate to erose. > 46 45 Tepal margins all ± entire. > 48 46 Scape 25–40 cm. Allium jepsonii 46 Scape 5–20 cm. > 47 47 Outer bulb coats
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Isolation, characterization, and analysis of Leymus-specidc DNA sequences. Genome 46:673-682 Booher, L.E. and R.M. Tryon. 1948. A study of Elymus in Minnesota
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
Caryophyllaceae. V. Arenaria in America north of Mexico. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 493–511. McNeill, J. 1962. Taxonomic studies in the Alsinoideae: I. Generic
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America, ne Mexico, s, c Europe, e, se Asia, n Africa, Australia Genera ca. 46, species ca. 450 (4 genera, 7 species in the flora). Classification of Thymelaeaceae
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moderately hirsute to hirtellous, minutely glandular. Ray-florets 22–38 (–46); corollas white, drying pink to lavender or blue, often with abaxial lilac
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raspberry Introduced Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 31. Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. Stems biennial, erect to arching
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 47. Mentioned on page 46. Plants 2–6 cm. Stems simple or branched, rarely with many branches from bases
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 59. Mentioned on page 46, 55, 60. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek, Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 53. Mentioned on page 46, 51. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek, Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora
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mm, slender or flattened basally. Seeds 3–4 mm diam.; wing 0.5–1 mm. 2n = 46, 138. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Sandy open grounds, barren rocky
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tribe of Amazonian Brazil Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 47. Plants perennial, usually monoecious, sometimes
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 45, 46, 48. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 52. Mentioned on page 46, 51. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of
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oxycarpum var. strictum S. Watson in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 1: 46. 1876 Synonyms: Lepidium reticulatum Howell Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 31, 32, 46. Shrubs, to 1.5 dm, armed. Stems perennial, creeping, sparsely hairy, glabrescent
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5 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm. Cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 4–6 mm. 2n = 46, 90. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Mont., Nev
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subgenusCyperus subg. Cyperus speciesCyperus compressus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Illustrated
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subgenusCyperus subg. Pycreus speciesCyperus flavescens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Illustrated
7 KB (613 words) - 01:35, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 58. Mentioned on page 46, 55. Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek, Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora
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leaves oblanceolate, 30–130 × 12–25 cm. Petiole of sterile leaf black, 4.5–46 cm, flattened at base, becoming deeply grooved distally, scales pale orangebrown;
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leaves alternate, unequal in size; proximal leaf petioles 10-18 cm, blades 17-46 × 23-56 cm; distal leaf petioles 3-15 cm, blades 10-38 × 15-51 cm. Leaf-blade
7 KB (536 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 47. Mentioned on page 5, 46. Herbs, perennial, dioecious, with thick, woody crown. Taproots stout. Stems
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Basionym: Oenothera sect. Epilobiopsis Spegazzini Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 48: 46. 1899 Synonyms: Boisduvalia sect. Currania Munz Epilobium sect. Currania (Munz)
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inflorescence axis, appearing as round "beads"); n Coast Ranges, California > 46 45 Immature inflorescences pendent panicles, axes usually 1+ mm diam., bracts
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1856. Dale H. Vitt Illustrated Basionym: Leskea parvula Hampe Linnaea 13: 46. 1839 Synonyms: Clasmatodon parvulus var. rupestris Lesquereux & James Treatment
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Rostellatae Show Lower Taxa Eleocharis rostellata S. González & P. M. Peterson Taxon 46: 440. 1997. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*
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Basionym: Haplopappus sect. Havardii R. C. Jackson Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 46: 479. 1966 Synonyms: Machaeranthera sect. Havardii (R. C. Jackson) R. L. Hartman
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Stems 12–50 cm. Leaves: cauline 5–15 pairs (distal ones much-reduced), 5–30 (–46) × 4–15 mm, blade base tapered to acute to cuneate, margins sharply dentate
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green, rarely olive green, linear-lanceolate, not arcuate, 0.8–2.8 cm × 11–46 mm, base clasping, without basal lobes, margins entire, rarely crispate, apex
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speciesClethra tomentosa Lamarck in J. Lamarck et al. in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 2: 46. 1786,. Gordon C. Tucker, Sean C. Jones Common names: Downy sweet pepperbush
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page 327, 331. Plants 2–23 cm. Leaf-blades oblongelliptic to obovate, 4–38 (–46) × 2–24 mm, base usually cuneate, sometimes truncate or cordate, margins flat
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concolorous; alar cells strongly differentiated, 6–10 µm; laminal cells 15–46 × 5–8 µm. Perichaetial leaves 2.5–3 × 0.7–0.8 mm; paraphyses 0.6–0.8 mm. Seta
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genusArrhenopterum speciesArrhenopterum heterostichum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 198, plate 46, figs. 1 – 9. 1801. Norton G. Miller† Illustrated Synonyms: Aulacomnium h
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aristata Nees J.K. Wipff Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 46. Plants perennial; aquatic, producing long, floating culms; synoecious. Culms
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genusOphioglossum speciesOphioglossum pusillum Rafinesque Précis Découv. Somiol. 46. 1814. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Northern ad
5 KB (493 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 48. Mentioned on page 46, 47. Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination Illustrator:
6 KB (422 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
Argus ranges, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming > 46 46 Leaf blades elliptic to ovate, densely white-lanate abaxially; Rocky Mountains
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eglandular; petals single, pink, 15–24 × 13–19 mm; stamens 105; carpels 32–46, styles exsert 1 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.5–2 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 55. Mentioned on page 46, 56, 57. Plants annual; rhizomes 1 mm diam. Culms often arching (to decumbent)
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(1.5–) 2–4.5 cm × 0.8–1.8 mm; valves each with distinct midvein; ovules 24–46 per ovary; style 0–1 mm. Seeds light-brown, (flattened), oblong, 0.8–1.4 mm;
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28+11, 30, 31, 32, 32+1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40+1, 41, 42, ca. 43, 44, 46, ca. 48, 56. Generated Map Legacy Map Colo., N.Mex., Wash., Utah, Alaska,
11 KB (1,164 words) - 03:18, 30 July 2020
cordate to truncate > 46 46 Petals white or cream on both surfaces, without yellow patch basally, spur white, 3–6 mm. Viola striata 46 Petals white on adaxial
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
genusPackera speciesPackera cana (Hooker) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Woolly groundsel IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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4–16 mm; largest medial blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or obovate, 25–46 × 10–20 mm, 1.6–3.4 times as long as wide, base convex, apex convex, acute
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familyDicranaceae genusDicranum speciesDicranum tauricum Sapjegin Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 10. 1911,. Robert R. Ireland Jr. Synonyms: Dicranum strictum D. Mohr Treatment
9 KB (802 words) - 06:57, 30 July 2020
stem-leaves appressed, ascending, green, linear-lanceolate, 1.9–2.7 × 0.36–0.46 mm; abaxial ridges present; base abruptly adnate, rounded, pubescent; margins
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genusPackera speciesPackera fendleri (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Fendler’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPackera speciesPackera cynthioides (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: White Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym:
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pink tinged Silene noctiflora 45 Petals bright pink > 46 46 Petals unlobed Silene pseudatocion 46 Petals 2-lobed Silene pendula 47 Stems subglabrous to
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
blades usually entire, sometimes denticulate > 46 46 Cauline leaves (3–)5–10+; pappi 6–7 mm Hieracium scouleri 46 Cauline leaves 0–3(–5); pappi 4–6 mm Hieracium
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
The genera of Vitaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 46: 48–67. Ren, H. et al. 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae)
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ligules 2.2-4.7 mm long Paspalum lividum 34 Spikelets 2.5-4.1 mm long. > 35 46 Upper glumes, and usually lower lemmas, pubescent. > 47 47 Lower glumes present
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villous or pilose. > 46 46 Corollas essentially without nectar guides; leaves glabrous; blade margins entire. Penstemon heterodoxus 46 Corollas with nectar
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entire or crenate. Euphorbia jejuna 43 Styles 2-fid at least toward apex. > 46 46 Cyathia in capitate glomerules (with reduced, bractlike leaves subtending
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1–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect. Capsules depressed-globose, 3–6 × 6–9 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Aug. Habitat: Dry, coniferous forests Elevation:
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Inflorescences 12–56 mm; proximal internode 6–34 mm; proximal bracts 6–49 mm, awn 7–46 mm; spikes (2–) 3–5, longest ones 2–5, usually gynecandrous; proximal spikes
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appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 47. Mentioned on page 25, 37, 39, 46, 107, 121. Shrubs or trees, 1–9 (–11) m. Stems: branches flexible to highly
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Achenes brown, globose-lenticular, 4–4.5 mm. 2n = (34, 36, 38), 40, (42, 44, 46). Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Unlike the
9 KB (902 words) - 10:55, 30 July 2020
speciesAcmella pusilla (Hooker & Arnott) R. K. Jansen Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 46. 1985. John L. Strother Introduced Basionym: Spilanthes pusilla Hooker & Arnott
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tapering. Heads 1 (–3). Phyllaries green (tips sometimes red), glabrous. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering late Jun–late Aug. Habitat: Damp or marshy alpine and
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45 × 15 mm. Flowers: petals to 6.5 mm; stamens 6–10 mm; style 5–11 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Nov. Habitat: Sandy washes, sand dunes. Elevation:
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corolla-tube; stamens exserted laterally through slits between petal claws. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jul. Habitat: Wash bottoms, desert plains, usually
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distinct; stamens exserted distally (not laterally between petal claws). 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun. Habitat: Sandy and gravelly canyon and arroyo
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20 × 13 mm. Flowers: petals to 4.1 mm; stamens 5–8 mm; style 4–6 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering May–Sep. Habitat: Sandy washes, sand dunes. Elevation:
3 KB (369 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
genusPhemeranthus speciesPhemeranthus brevifolius (Torrey) Hershkovitz Taxon 46: 222. 1997. Robert W. Kiger Endemic Basionym: Talinum brevifolium Torrey in
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Basionym: Cleomella palmeriana var. goodrichii S. L. Welsh Great Basin Naturalist 46: 263. 1986 (as palmerana) Synonyms: Cleomella macbrideana Payson Treatment
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Patricia M. Eckel Basionym: Hedwigia secunda Hooker Musci Exot. 1: plate 46. 1818 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 89. Mentioned
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speciesEquisetum ×nelsonii (A. A. Eaton) J. H. Schaffner Amer. Fern J. 16: 46. 1926. Richard L. Hauke Basionym: Equisetum variegatum var. nelsonii A.A.
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solid dark orange or maroon, longer than middle lobe. Capsules to 10 cm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering winter–early spring. Habitat: Coastal mangrove swamps
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plants, chiefly from Queensland, l. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland. 70(6): 33--46. Garden, J. 1957. A revision of the genus Callitris Vent. Contr. New South
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or vestigial, or absent. > 46 45 Longer perianth bristles reaching at least to, more often beyond, tubercle base. > 48 46 Fruit strongly compressed; perianth
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mm, infrequently aborted late in development. 2n = 27, 28, 32, 35, 37, 41-46, 48-147. Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C
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than laterals) > 46 45 Basal leaves: margins pinnately lobed (lateral lobes 1–6+ pairs, terminal lobes larger than laterals) > 47 46 Basal leaves: blades
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taxa are spore size and morphology. Spores average less than 46 µm in W. ilvensis, more than 46 µm in W. alpina, and are malformed and abortive in W. × gracilis
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sectionSphagnum sect. Acutifolia speciesSphagnum girgensohnii Russow Beitr. Torfm., 46. 1865,. Cyrus B. McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Synonyms: Sphagnum mehneri Warnstorf
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petiole 2–5 mm, strigose; blade elliptic or ovate, 32–72 (–104) x 18–37 (–46) mm, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, base obtuse or cuneate, margins flat, not
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fading to white proximally, 13–22 cm. Capsules unknown. Seeds unknown. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering late summer. Habitat: Roadsides and margins of disturbed
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speciesHygrohypnum polare (Lindberg) Loeske Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 46: 198. 1905. David W. Jamieson Illustrated Basionym: Hypnum polare Lindberg
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