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orientations of phyllaries vary from reflexed through spreading to appressed (often, within an involucre, outer phyllaries are ± reflexed and inner phyllaries are

petals, and stamens) after anthesis, with basal nectary; sepals 4, usually reflexed in pairs, sometimes separately; petals 4, yellow, fading red, with 1+ red

3 Rosettes shorter than 1.5 dm; leaves 6–10 cm, marginal fibers tightly curled, apex abruptly acuminate; flowers 1.4–1.7 cm; limb lobes 2–3.5 mm; sc Arizona

crowded, appressed-incurved, occasionally twisted or curled when dry, spreading to strongly reflexed and occasionally keeled when moist; ovate to longlanceolate

subjulaceous, 1-pinnate or 2-pinnate or irregularly branched, branches not curled when dry; hyalodermis and central strand present or absent; pseudoparaphyllia

erect, sometimes reflexed; floral-tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens after anthesis), with basal nectary; sepals 4, reflexed singly; petals

elliptic-lanceolate, 2–50 cm × 2–35 (–50) mm, margins slightly to strongly curled transversely. Inflorescences green or slightly purple at base, becoming

4–110 (–135) cm. Corms globose to elongate, 8–31 mm. Leaves: blade slightly curled transversely, linear, lanceolate, or seldom elliptic-lanceolate, 3–50 cm

usually persistent, 4–60+ in 1–4+ series (usually erect at flowering, usually reflexed in fruit, usually distinct, basally coherent in some Arnica spp., mostly

Flowers minute, glabrous; sepals reflexed-spreading, pinkish, 1-veined, 1–2.2 × 1 mm; dorsal sepal reflexed, ovate, curled; lateral sepals adnate with lip

ovate, bases appressed, margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed, acute, spine-tipped. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bearing setiform scales

spirally arranged or appearing 2-ranked, distant [crowded], crispate and curled when dry, erect-spreading to widespreading when moist, linear to linear-subulate

Plants 20–100 cm or more. Corms globose, 8–22 mm. Leaves: blade strongly curled transversely, linear, 25–50 cm × 3.5–15 mm. Inflorescences green or seldom

usually curled at maturity; leaves forming a basal tuft Aristida arizonica 43 Lemma apices straight or only slightly twisted; blades usually not curled at maturity;

placentation basal; styles 2, erect, ascending, spreading, recurved, deflexed, or reflexed, stigma simple, terete. Fruits schizocarps, each separating into mericarps

Plants 0.4–4 cm. Stems erect. Stem-leaves erect-appressed, stiff, ± slightly curled or twisted around stem, not contorted or crisped when dry, narrowly lanceolate-oblong

Phyllaries 5–21 (–40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal (reflexed in fruit), margins usually little, if at all, scarious, apices obtuse to

opposite, at least near base of stem. Epilobium 4 Seeds not comose; sepals reflexed; stigmas usually wet, non-papillate, and entire or (3 or)4-lobed (non-commissural)

purple, all reflexed at tip; Mount Hamilton Range, c California. Allium sharsmithiae 50 Tepals maroon, outer curled back at tip, inner reflexed; Spanish Needle

apex acute to mucronate, reflexed-curled; inner tepals maroon distally, white proximally, ovate, withering in fruit, curled back at tip, margins entire

ascending or ± reflexed; pollen yellow. Schizocarps 0.8–1 × 0.9–1.3 mm, shorter than wide; mericarps black, not swollen, winged throughout, wings curled, giving

foliaceous, scarious and reduced, or absent. Pedicels erect, sometimes reflexed in fruit, glabrous or pubescent, not glandular. Flowers usually bisexual

distalmost bracts linear, 0–2 mm. Pedicels ascending to spreading, sometimes reflexed, pendent and/or sigmoid in fruit, usually longer than calyx, visible. Flowers:

urceolate to hemispheric or globose, 6–11 × 8–20+ mm. Phyllaries in 5–6 series, reflexed to spreading or appressed, filiform or linear to lance-linear or lance-subulate

apices often with green zone, sometimes reflexed; ray florets 3–15(–21); disc corolla lobes lanceolate, erect to reflexed, style-branch appendages triangular;

glandlike auricles; inflorescences 1-flowered, pedicels mostly recurved to reflexed in fruit, bracteoles proximal. Hypericum suffruticosum 3 Leaf bases with

apices often with green zone, sometimes reflexed; rays 3–15(–21); disc corolla lobes lanceolate, erect to reflexed, style-branch appendages triangular; cypselae

sharply down-curled forming ± 1/2 circle, leaves at tip appressed to form pointed apex. Leaves in juvenile (proximal) portion spreading-reflexed (shade) to

bluish or purplish to pink, less commonly yellow (coiling from apices, reflexing at tube/lamina junction, or remaining ± straight and spreading). Peripheral

Sexual condition dioicous; perichaetial leaves abruptly contracted to long, reflexed acumen. Seta dark-brown, rough. Capsule inclined to horizontal, brown,

branch from shorter than to equaling the spikelets; blades usually becoming curled at maturity Danthonia spicata 2 Calluses of the middle florets longer than

mm (sometimes subtended by leaflike bracts). Phyllaries in 4–8+ series, reflexed to spreading or appressed, filiform or linear to ± lance-attenuate, lanceolate

chalarocephala 14 Spikelets dark red brown, more broadly lanceoloid, erect to reflexed in dense, mostly globose clusters; fruit body 2.5–4.5 mm; tubercle at least

less than 1/2 as deep as wide, interior pilose; sepals spreading to ± reflexed, lanceolate, (2.5–) 3–5 (–5.2) mm; petals oblong to oblanceolate, 4–5.5

strigose; pappi: outer of setae, inner of 15–20 bristles (weakly barbellate and curled and twisted to at least distal 1/2). Phenology: Flowering May–Sep. Habitat:

teeth often reflexed; costae often with supplementary costae; w North America (disjunct in Newfoundland). Antitrichia 46 Leaf margins reflexed, entire to