Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent, rarely disintegrating, membranous to papery. Spikelets to 40 × 7 mm; floral scales 5–500+ per spikelet. Flowers: anthers
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purple, red, brown, or white (sometimes sessile, persistent, and becoming papery, e.g., in Heliopsis, Sanvitalia, and Zinnia). Disc-florets 4–200+, bisexual
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disintegrating, papery to membranous, apex subtruncate to sometimes acute, tooth sometimes present. Spikelets: floral scales membranous to thinly papery; proximal
5 KB (597 words) - 02:16, 30 July 2020
perianth parts, pericarp (ovary wall) adherent or nonadherent, chartaceous or papery, sometimes reticulate, mottled or smooth. Ovules usually 1, campylotropous
21 KB (878 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
spikelets with scales papery, seldom membranous; distal leaf sheaths persistent; spikelets not proliferating, with scales papery to cartilaginous, seldom
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persistent or disintegrating, closely sheathing, thinly membranous to sometimes papery, apex usually acute to acuminate. Spikelets terete or laterally compressed
6 KB (590 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
decussate, simple; without true stipules; usually petiolate; blade leathery, papery, or submembranous, margins entire, sometimes somewhat sinuate. Inflorescences
15 KB (668 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
rigid (not papery), ± shiny in fruit, strongly involute at tip, carinate. Allium campanulatum 58 Leaves usually green at anthesis; tepals papery (not rigid
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
needlelike or nail-like, terete to angled or flat, mostly hard (rarely corky or papery). Flowers bisexual (rarely unisexual or with bisexual and pistillate flowers
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent, thinly membranous to papery. Spikelets terete, to 13 × 4 mm. Flowers: styles 2-fid or with to ca. 1/2
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distinct, ± ovate, forming weakly to strongly accrescent, herbaceous to papery involucre. Flowers bisexual, chasmogamous and/or cleistogamous; cleistogamous
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composed of 2–10 sets of overlapping, opposite or whorled, membranous or papery to fleshy bracts, proximal bracts empty, most distal bracts subtending 1
9 KB (479 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
rhizomes. Culms often compressed. Sheaths often keeled; ligules membranous, papery, often erose, usually ciliate; blades with vascular-bundles surrounded by
6 KB (905 words) - 04:08, 30 July 2020
or hirsute [corky or scaly]; mesocarp fleshy or dry and fibrous; endocarp papery, leathery, or bony, sometimes with 3 germination pores. Seeds 1 (–2+), free
20 KB (1,128 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
quadrangular, sometimes shallowly 4-lobed. Capsules woody and hard to thin and ± papery, straight, cylindrical to obtusely 4-angled, often tapering at each end
9 KB (950 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
5–10, distinct, forming involucre, lanceolate to broadly ovate, thinly papery or scarious, translucent, occasionally thin and green. Flowers bisexual
12 KB (544 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
chaffy, boatshaped, chaffy, inner one membranous, capping corolla; keel papery, or scarious, variously winged, variously margined; petals 3, distinct [to
16 KB (658 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
in 4 ranks (2 median, 2 lateral), linear-lanceolate to ovate, thin and papery to thick and stiff, margins entire, dentate, or ciliate; stomates arranged
10 KB (566 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
or solitary, spathaceous; spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery. Flowers pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate, often fragrant; tepals
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spatulate, or ovate, 0.4–4.5 mm, margins translucent to white, scarious or papery, apex defined by a usually prominent adaxial hood, ascending to slightly
21 KB (1,113 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
terete or roundly 3-angled or 6-angled or grooved. Fruits capsular, wall papery or becoming dry and hardened, sometimes indehiscent (in I. giganticaerulea)
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
glabrous, from short rhizomes with persistent leaf-sheaths simulating brown, papery, tunicate bulbs. Leaves 2–8, reduced and alternate distally; blade linear
5 KB (300 words) - 05:44, 30 July 2020
Mature bark smooth or deeply furrowed (but see also Q. montana), not scaly or papery; cup scales flattened, never tuberculate, never embedded in tomentum; leaf
13 KB (1,271 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
keeled; stamens in 2 subequal series, pollen 85–100% fertile. Capsules hard or papery, straight or slightly curved, promptly dehiscent 1/2 to throughout their
6 KB (722 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
oblong or narrowly lanceolate, smooth or torulose, latiseptate; valves (papery, elastically dehiscent, becoming spirally or circinately coiled) each not
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
the back, veins not pronounced, margins involute; anthers 3; lodicules 2, papery; styles with 2 branches, purple, plumose. Caryopses not longitudinally grooved;
12 KB (923 words) - 04:12, 30 July 2020
hooked (rarely none hooked), acicular or subulate, or both (ribbonlike and papery in S. papyracanthus), longest spines 7–15 mm. Flowers diurnal, borne at
19 KB (1,100 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, bristles absent > 40 40 Bark usually papery in age, peeling (especially towards base); inflorescences 1–2-flowered;
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
terete, 4-angled, or 8-ribbed; (segments each falsely 1-loculed, septum papery, appressed to one side, usually 1-seeded; proximal segment remaining attached
11 KB (752 words) - 12:20, 30 July 2020
persistent, longer internodes 5–10 (–20) mm, scales sometimes fugaceous, 5–7 mm, papery (to membranous), sometimes fibrous. Culms terete, often with to 12 blunt
10 KB (885 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
perennial; cespitose. Culms soft, somewhat compressed. Ligules membranous, papery, often erose, with or without cilia. Panicles open to contracted, with many
5 KB (884 words) - 04:08, 30 July 2020
somewhat woody, white to beige or blue (then drying blackish), cortex corky or papery, loose exfoliating. Leaves: petiole short or absent. Inflorescences terminal
5 KB (345 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
bracts to 30 cm, secondary bracts to 20 cm; floral bracts 0.5–3 × 0.3–1.5 cm, papery. Flowers nearly sessile, subtended by pedicel bract; sepals usually green
9 KB (865 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
surpassing inner). Receptacles flat to convex, paleate (paleae conduplicate, papery). Ray-florets (8–) 10–18 (–21), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets
6 KB (505 words) - 23:06, 29 July 2020
Herbs, perennial, from tunicate, ovoid bulbs; tunic brown, dry, brittle, papery. Stems simple or branched. Leaves few; blade pleated, lanceolate to ± linear
7 KB (379 words) - 06:09, 30 July 2020
poisonous, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs; bulb tunics white to pale-brown, papery. Leaves few to several, basal; blade linear to lanceolate, margins smooth
7 KB (415 words) - 06:01, 30 July 2020
elliptic and flat structures or flask-shaped nectariferous cavities; blade papery to leathery, venation pinnate, secondary-veins often forming loops or smoothly
18 KB (937 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
3–8 mm, with 15 or more prominent to obscure, close, longitudinal veins, papery to cartilaginous. Styles 3-fid, or 3-fid and 2-fid. Achenes biconvex, sometimes
9 KB (638 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
umbellate or racemose, usually dense, 2–20-flowered, bracteate; bracts 2–4, ± papery, not enclosing flower buds. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, distinctly connate
9 KB (482 words) - 06:02, 30 July 2020
marbles woollyheads Etymology: Greek psilos, slender, and karphos, chaff, alluding to papery paleae of heads Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 456
10 KB (639 words) - 20:39, 29 July 2020
proximal and distal portions, acicular or somewhat flattened, to almost papery, minutely canescent; longest spines 9–25 (–45) × 0.4–0.8 mm; radial spines
13 KB (892 words) - 09:24, 30 July 2020
or obovoid, terete, flattened, latiseptate, or angustiseptate; valves (papery or leathery), not veined, glabrous or pubescent, (trichomes branched and/or
11 KB (743 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
torulose, terete or slightly latiseptate; valves (3–6 in R. barbareifolia) papery or leathery, each obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent; replum (visible)
22 KB (1,325 words) - 12:26, 30 July 2020
margins and dark centers, 2–5 mm. Equisetum palustre 5 Sheath teeth reddish, papery, coherent into 3–4 large groups. Equisetum sylvaticum 5 Sheath teeth black
11 KB (523 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
smaller, blade ending in basally lobed pinna ± similar to lateral pinnae, papery or somewhat leathery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins crenate
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dimorphic and blade tissue lacking on fertile leaves. Blade 1–3-pinnate, papery to leathery. Veins free [anastomosing]. x = 38. Tropical and subtropical
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into tube; stamens 3 or 6; style slender; pedicel not articulate. Capsules papery to woody. x = 7. Introduced; primarily s and tropical Africa, also Madagascar
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3–5-lobed, clavate [capitate]. Fruits capsules, erect, not inflated, ovoid, papery, glabrous or hairy. Seeds 2–5 per locule, hairy. x = 10. sc, se United States
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unequally valvate, abaxial carpel 1.5–2 times longer than adaxial carpel, (papery, each wing 5–10-veined). Seeds black, shiny, ellipsoid or ovoid, (base truncate)
9 KB (590 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
fertile; corollas yellow to orange (laminae persistent, sessile, becoming papery). Disc-florets 30–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or brown to purple
7 KB (546 words) - 23:00, 29 July 2020
spreading, branched, terete or decurrently grooved; bark of red brownish papery layers, weathering gray; short-shoots present or absent; hirtellous, pilose
11 KB (544 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
North America Association Shrubs, not burled; bark brownish, exfoliating in papery sheets from older stems. Stems prostrate, extensively branched, glabrous
7 KB (550 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
[3-pinnate-pinnatifid], reduced distally to shallowly lobed or hastate apex, herbaceous to papery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire to sinuate or shallowly
7 KB (349 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
fibrous-roots, generally pubescent throughout. Stems branched distally, with 2–5 papery bracts sheathing proximally. Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade broadly
8 KB (420 words) - 05:38, 30 July 2020
cross-section), oblong to reniform, beak or cusp absent, sides thin and papery or thicker, margins usually edged, apex rounded, indehiscent. Seeds 1 per
11 KB (591 words) - 11:29, 30 July 2020
Plants perennial; rhizomes 1.5–2 mm thick, scales persistent, 7–9 mm, thinly papery, sometimes fibrous; resting buds unknown; caudices present, hard, 3 mm thick
6 KB (602 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
thinly to densely vested, hairs simple or dibrachiate. Leaves opposite; blade papery to leathery, venation brochidodromous, glands conspicuous to obscure on
9 KB (597 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
persistent, sometimes decaying to coarse fibers, 5–10 mm, membranous to papery. Culms subterete to sometimes compressed, to (2–) 3 times as wide as thick
12 KB (1,095 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
Receptacles flat to convex, paleate (paleae conduplicate, at least bases, papery). Ray-florets 5–25+, pistillate, fertile; corollas mostly yellow (cream
10 KB (638 words) - 23:06, 29 July 2020
trowel-shaped, or fan-shaped, 1–4 (–9) -pinnate proximally, membranaceous to papery, both surfaces commonly glabrous (2 species with scattered hairs), adaxially
11 KB (615 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
subsessile, linear, smooth or somewhat torulose, terete or latiseptate; valves (papery), each not veined or midvein prominent or obscure, glabrous; replum rounded;
11 KB (821 words) - 12:22, 30 July 2020
dm. Stems 3–20+, branched; bark cinnamon brown, weathering gray, in thin papery sheets; short-shoots present. Leaves persistent or drought-deciduous, abscising
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excluding flower-bearing branches, strongly angled or rounded, with sheathing, papery bracts proximally. Leaves alternate, sessile or perfoliate; blade oblong-linear
9 KB (452 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
apex, often seemingly indeterminate with apex never expanded, herbaceous to papery. Pinnae articulate to rachis, sometimes deciduous, segment (pinna) margins
10 KB (597 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
Osmundopteris). Botrychium virginianum 2 Trophophore blades herbaceous or thick-papery to leathery; leaf sheaths closed; sporophores, when present, arising near
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trees. Stems 1–10+. Leaves 3 (–5) -foliolate [odd-pinnate]; stipules linear, papery; terminal leaflets long-petiolulate, laterals short-petiolulate or sessile;
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37 Phyllary margins papery (wider than midribs); receptacles paleate; pappus bristles plumose Anisocoma 37 Phyllary margins not papery; receptacles usually
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nectaries present; style 1; stigma 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, obtusely 3-angled, papery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 6, black, globose, wrinkled to reticulate
7 KB (392 words) - 06:00, 30 July 2020
apex or apical pinna similar to (conform) adjacent pinnae, herbaceous to papery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenulate, or
7 KB (414 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
[horned, ridged, or angled, rarely not winged, notably in Hillebrandia], papery [rarely fleshy], dehiscence loculicidal [indehiscent]. Seeds 25–100+, operculate
5 KB (320 words) - 11:42, 30 July 2020
(usually straight, sometimes slightly curved), flattened, latiseptate; valves (papery), each with obscure or prominent midvein, glabrous; replum (visible), rounded;
15 KB (974 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
1/2–3/4 length of leaf, ca. 0.3 mm wide, glabrous. Blade deltate, 2-pinnate, papery to somewhat leathery. Pinnae 2–4 pairs, alternate to subopposite, segments
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ultimate segments narrowly elongate-cuneate, often 1–1.5 cm × 0.5–2 mm, papery, apically denticulate especially when sterile. Sori on 1–8 vein endings;
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schizocarps, erect or semipendent, inflated, disciform, prominently lobed, papery, minutely tomentose; mericarps 8–10 [–16], 2-celled, without dorsal spur
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broadly to narrowly elliptic, 6–13 × 1–3 cm, fleshy-chartaceous, thin and ± papery when dry, base cuneate, apex ± acute, surfaces glabrate. Inflorescences
5 KB (414 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
dehiscence imperfect, thus functionally capsular, erect, not inflated, oblate, papery, stellate-hairy; mericarps 6–8, 1-celled, without dorsal spur or endoglossum
6 KB (360 words) - 11:25, 30 July 2020
petiole 1-6 cm, often ± as long as leaf-blade. Leaf-blade to 2.5-10 × 1-7 cm, papery, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate-dentate, apex acute to acuminate;
6 KB (403 words) - 08:31, 30 July 2020
Herbs, perennial, from tunicate, ovoid bulbs; tunic brown, dry, brittle, papery. Stems simple or branched. Leaves few, basal larger; blade pleated, linearlanceolate
5 KB (367 words) - 06:09, 30 July 2020
stigmas capitate. Fruits schizocarps, erect, not inflated, variable in shape, papery, stellate-hairy, apically dehiscent; mericarps 5, 1-celled, with abaxial
5 KB (332 words) - 11:25, 30 July 2020
indurate; mericarps [6–] 9 or 10 [or 11], ± 2-celled, winged, flared at papery apex, lower cell rugose, stellate-hairy, sparsely hirsute, indehiscent,
5 KB (326 words) - 11:28, 30 July 2020
capsular), erect, not inflated, turbinate, 5-lobed, starlike in cross-section, papery to indurate, hairy; mericarps 5, 2-celled, lower cell ± trapezoidal, 1-seeded
6 KB (345 words) - 11:24, 30 July 2020
Schizocarps on jointed pedicel near fruit; mericarps 10–12, to 10 mm, walls thin, papery. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jan. Habitat: Forests, grasslands, roadsides
5 KB (407 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
spatulate, 10–12 mm. Fruits (erect), didymous, inflated, 10–20 × 10–20 mm, (papery or firm, basal sinus shallow to deep, sometimes barely notched, apical sinus
7 KB (786 words) - 11:55, 30 July 2020
pale lavender, or white, lanceolate to ovate, ± equal, becoming ± rigid to papery in fruit, margins entire or denticulate with few minute teeth near tip,
8 KB (543 words) - 05:51, 30 July 2020
Glumes equaling or exceeding the florets, subequal, linear-lanceolate, papery, keeled, acute to acuminate; lower glumes 1-veined; upper glumes 3-veined;
9 KB (913 words) - 02:42, 30 July 2020
18–65+ in 4–6+ series, 3–5-nerved, ovate to oblong or lanceolate, unequal (papery or herbaceous). Florets [6–] 15–40 [–75]; corollas white or purple to blue
7 KB (456 words) - 22:58, 29 July 2020
internodes very short to 2 mm, scales often decaying to coarse fibers, 5–12 mm, papery. Culms subterete to greatly compressed, to 5 times as wide as thick, often
12 KB (1,007 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
hard; culm tufts often proximally bulbous (if bulbous then tunicated by papery-fibrous scales). Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths stramineous to brown or reddish
9 KB (951 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
to rhombic-obovate; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules papery, leathery, or corky in age, ovoid, narrowly lanceoloid to broadly ellipsoid
11 KB (875 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
3–1 mm wide. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent, firmly membranous to papery, apex acute to acuminate or sometimes blunt, tooth absent. Spikelets terete;
4 KB (411 words) - 01:28, 30 July 2020
persistent, thickly papery, apex subtruncate, tooth always present, to 2 mm. Spikelets terete, basal spikelets absent. Floral scales papery or membranous; styles
4 KB (413 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
broadly ovate, 1-pinnate at base, widest at or near base, to 60 cm wide, papery to almost leathery; rachis glabrous abaxially and adaxially. Segments (pinnae)
6 KB (433 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
mm diam.; calyx lobes keeled abaxially, 3–4 mm, apex obtuse, 3 lobes with papery margins; petals white, 8–10 mm; nectary glands distinct; stamens distinct
5 KB (431 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
obovoid to obliquely obovate, laterally compressed, somewhat inflated and papery, 4-7 (-8) mm, glabrous to glandular, often with 1 or 2 primary-veins on
6 KB (517 words) - 08:31, 30 July 2020
elliptic-suborbicular [orbicular, obovate, elliptic], smooth, convex, latiseptate; valves (papery), each 1-veined, pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 2–10
6 KB (546 words) - 12:35, 30 July 2020
lanceolate or oblongelliptic, pinnatifid, 4–9 × 7 mm, abaxially paler, somewhat papery, nearly glabrous to glandular-pubescent, lobes rounded. Veins simple to
6 KB (406 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
branching [spicate or 2 orders]; prophyll small; peduncular bracts 5–6, tubular, papery; rachillae green at anthesis, turning orange in fruit. Flowers unisexual
8 KB (495 words) - 00:52, 30 July 2020
stoloniferous, ovoid to obovate, 1.8–4 (–5) × 1–2.5 cm; tunics brownish black, papery, apex with rusty, straight hairs adaxially. Leaves 2–3 (–4), widely spaced
6 KB (435 words) - 05:44, 30 July 2020
than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate to lanceovate, 2.5–11 × 1–3 mm, papery, viscid-villous; flowers 15–35. Perianth: tube pink, 10–35 mm, limb usually
5 KB (456 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
narrowly lanceolate scales. Blade linear, simple, 8–35 × 2–4.5 cm, thick, papery, nearly glabrous; base cordate; margins entire; apex acuminate, not rooting
6 KB (487 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020