Cakile

Miller

Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 1. 1754.

Common names: Sea-rockets
Etymology: Arabic name qaqulleh
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 424. Mentioned on page 232, 234, 238, 244, 419, 425.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA7 P51 Cakile edentula.jpegCakile edentula
Cakile edentula subsp. edentula
Cakile edentula var. edentula
Carrichtera annua
Coincya monensis
Coincya monensis subsp. recurvata
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey

Annuals or, rarely, perennials; (succulent, taproot woody, with relatively long, horizontal roots); not scapose; glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely pubescent. Stems erect, ascending, prostrate, or divaricate, branched basally. Leaves cauline; usually petiolate, rarely sessile; blade (often fleshy), not rosulate, margins entire, crenate, dentate, sinuate, or pinnately lobed. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels (rachis) geniculate or not, slender or stout. Flowers: sepals erect, ovate or oblong, lateral pair saccate or not basally; petals (rarely aborted, reflexed), white to lavender, obovate to spatulate, claw differentiated from blade or not; stamens tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers (introrse), ovate to oblong; nectar glands (4), distinct, median glands present. Fruits siliques or silicles, indehiscent, stipitate, segments 2, (fleshy and green becoming corky and dry), obovoid, oblong, fusiform, or lanceoloid, rarely hastate, (proximal segment) terete or laterally horned, (terminal segment) terete, 4-angled, or 8-ribbed; (segments each falsely 1-loculed, septum papery, appressed to one side, usually 1-seeded; proximal segment remaining attached to pedicel; terminal segment deciduous by transverse articulation, beaked); valves and replum not distinguishable; ovules (1 or) 2 (–4) per ovary; (style absent); stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds aseriate or uniseriate, plump or flattened, not winged, (brown), oblong; seed-coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent, rarely contorted. x = 9.

Distribution

North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Europe, Asia (Near East), n Africa, in e Asia (Japan), Australia

Discussion

Species 7 (5 in the flora).

Cakile is common on sandy beaches of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic, Black, Mediterranean, North, and White seas, the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes, and is naturalized in Australia, Japan, and on the Pacific Coast of North America; one species, C. arabica Velenovsky & Bornmüller, is found in deserts of the Middle East (s Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia).

Key

1 Proximal fruit segments with 2 opposite, lateral horns distally; leaf blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, margins sinuately lobed or deeply pinnatifid; petals 3-6 mm wide, usually lavender, rarely white. Cakile maritima
1 Proximal fruit segments without lateral horns distally; leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, dentate, sinuate, crenate, or pinnatisect; petals 1.2-4.5 mm wide, white or lavender > 2
2 Plants usually sprawling; leaf blades not especially fleshy; racemes often 3+ dm; petals usually white, rarely lavender, 3-4.5 mm wide. Cakile lanceolata
2 Plants not or, rarely, sprawling (erect to prostrate); leaf blades usually fleshy; racemes 1-2 dm; petals lavender to white, less than 3 mm wide > 3
3 Rachises geniculate in fruit; petals 1.2-1.9 mm wide. Cakile geniculata
3 Rachises not geniculate in fruit; petals 1.3-3 mm wide > 4
4 Fruits terete to 4-angled, 3-4 mm wide; beak conic, apex acute. Cakile constricta
4 Fruits 8-ribbed, or 4-angled, 5-9 mm wide; beak flattened, apex usually retuse or blunt, rarely acute. Cakile edentula

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number.

... more about "Cakile"
James E. Rodman +
Miller +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
not rosulate +
not +  and auriculate +
dissected +, repand +, sinuate +, crenate +  and dentate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
sessile +  and petiolate +
well-developed +
distinct +
differentiated +
Sea-rockets +
emarginate +  and entire +
incumbent +  and accumbent +
North America +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, Europe +, Asia (Near East) +, n Africa +, in e Asia (Japan) +  and Australia +
straight +  and curved +
Arabic name qaqulleh +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
actinomorphic +
white;lavender +
ovate +  and oblong +
indehiscent +
terete +  and segmented +
sessile +  and petiolate +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate +  and entire +
lobed;sinuate;lobed;sinuate;dentate;crenate;entire +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
purple +, lavender +, lilac +, pink +, yellow +, cream +  and white +
rudimentary +
cruciform +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. +
not geniculate +
stout +  and slender +
barbour1970a +, rodman1974a +  and rodman1980a +
not distinguishable +
flattened +  and rounded +
mucilaginous +
uniseriate +  and aseriate +
not +  and mucilaginous +
white +, black +, brown +  and yellow +
oblong +  and flattened +
8-ribbed +, 4-angled +, terete +, horned +, hastate +, lanceoloid +, fusiform +, oblong +  and obovoid +
not basally +  and saccate +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
oblong +  and ovate +
perforated +  and complete +
reduced +
terete +  and segmented +
terete +  and segmented +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
ascending +  and erect +
2-lobed +  and entire +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
Cruciferae +
Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae +
scale-like +  and forked +
coiled +, 1-7-veined +  and veined +
not distinguishable +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
anastomosing +
perennial +  and annual +
glabrous +, pubescent +  and , +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +