8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or basal and cauline;
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on page 3, 5, 255, 336, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; mostly opposite (Lasthenia)
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63, 173, 175, 182. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 20–500 cm. Leaves usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal
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introrsely; torus conic; carpels 2–200 (–220), glabrous, styles subterminal; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, (1–) 2–200 (–220), obliquely ovoid to reniform
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Mentioned on page 3, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 97, 102, 105, 106. Perennials, 5–100 (–200) cm; woody caudices or rhizomes. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, sometimes
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257, 300, 301, 306. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (0.5–) 1–250 cm. Leaves mostly basal, or basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; opposite and/or
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page 51, 136, 148, 149, 157, 170. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 20–300 (–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally
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individual head) > 13 12 Shrubs (40–70 cm); cypselae glabrous or glabrate Mutisieae (Hecastocleis) 12 Perennials (100–200 cm); cypselae villous Cardueae (Echinops)
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Mentioned on page 333, 334. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 2–45 (–75) cm (glabrous or hairy, often glanddotted). Stems erect to pendent. Leaves mostly
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Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10–80 (–200) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly
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222, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–) 5–50 (–120+) [200+] cm. Leaves mostly cauline, sometimes basal or basal and cauline; mostly opposite
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Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80 (–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). Leaves basal, basal and cauline
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page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often striate)
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page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor odor
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terminal, sometimes also axillary, (1-) 2-200-flowered panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts
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5–14 mm. Ray-florets 0, or 3–5, or 6–18; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 9–200; corollas yellow or white. Cypselae linear, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate
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471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
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Ribes viscosissimum, Ribes watsonianum, Ribes wolfii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 200. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 94. 1754 ,. Nancy R. Morin Common names: Currant gooseberry
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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(unequally valvate in Tiarella), dehiscence septicidal between beaks. Seeds 5–200, tan, brown, dark-brown, black, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or red, rarely
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335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ±
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191, 192, 196, 200, 213, 662, 666. Plants very small to large, as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm, not complanate-foliate
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 65, 157. Perennials, 20–250+ cm (fibrous-rooted, rhizomatous, or taprooted). Stems usually erect, usually
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Mentioned on page 51, 184. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80 (–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in C. auriculata)
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scales Dimeresiinae 3 Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–)5–200(–300) cm; phyllaries 2–50+; ray florets 0 or (1–)4–21(–60+); disc florets (1–)5–60(–300);
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66, 67. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). Stems 1+, usually erect,
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on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
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Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
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biennials, or perennials (subshrubs in D. canescens var. ziegleri), 10–100 cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, much branched (when well developed)
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caudex woody or fleshy, taprooted to fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous. Stems 1–200, strongly decumbent to erect, sometimes prostrate or sprawling, frequently
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82, 83, 93, 96, 97, 100, 102, 1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–400 cm, spiny. Stems (1–several) erect, branched or simple, sometimes narrowly spiny-winged
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on page 219, 349, 351, 354, 360, 361, 370. Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender
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Inflorescences terminal, 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences
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page 52. Mentioned on page 45. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, to 100 (–200) cm (rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted, or taprooted). Stems green. Leaves green,
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sheaths; ligules present; blades filiform to flat with filiform tip, to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–) 2–10
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395, 401, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, (2–) 5–70 (–200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to prostrate, usually branched. Leaves basal and/or
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396. Mentioned on page 5, 255, 364, 365, 366. Annuals or perennials, 5–150 cm. Stems erect, simple or branched (aerial shoots often from subterranean caudices)
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green distally, yellowbrown to brown proximally. Stems short or reaching 2 cm or more, simple or sometimes with a few branches; rhizoids at base, smoth
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15, 17, 384, 394, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3–100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much branched [rhizomes]). Stems erect, spreading
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 195, 200, 201, 208, 215. Herbs or shrubs, annual or (weak) perennial. Stems sparsely
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cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often soft), tuberculate
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 201. Mentioned on page 199, 200. Herbs, annual or perennial (unscented). Stems sparsely or profusely branched;
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5–10 (pericarps without apical resin sacs) > 31 31 Plants (10–)50–130(–200+) cm; disc corolla tubes ± cylindric (proximally swollen, becoming spongy in
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs 20–75 [–200+] cm, usually rhizomatous and/or roots notably fleshy or thickened. Leaves (excluding
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page 245, 248, 249, 250. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, to 200+ cm [trees to 400 cm] (usually ± succulent, herbage usually glaucous). Stems (often
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants caulescent, 30–200 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete, glabrous, hirsute, hispid, or scabrous. Leaves:
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194, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 1–2 (–3) or (1–) 5–15 (–75+) cm (usually taprooted or developing ± woody caudices, sometimes rhizomatous)
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21. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 67. Perennials, 20–150 cm. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves basal and cauline; opposite (proximal)
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