Zizania aquatica

L.
Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 48.

Plants annual. Culms 0.2-5 m, usually emergent. Sheaths glab¬rous or scabridulous; ligules 5-30 mm, upper ligules truncate to ovate or acuminate, often erose or irregularly lobed; blades to 1.5 m or longer, (3) 10-55 (75) mm wide, abaxial and adaxial surfaces scabrous or glabrate. Panicles 20-120 cm long, (5) 10-50 cm wide; branches unisexual. Staminate branches ascending to reflexed; pedicel apices 0.2-0.6 mm wide. Staminate spikelets 5-12.5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate or awned, awns to 3 mm. Pistillate branches divaricate, sometimes appressed if immature or bearing only aborted spikelets; pedicel apices 0.5-1.2 mm wide. Pistillate spikelets 5-24 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, lanceolate or oblong, chartaceous and flexible, dull or sublustrous, with scattered short hairs, these not or scarcely denser at the apices, awned, awns to 10 cm; lemmas and paleas often partly separating at maturity; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.4-1 mm wide, linear, shriveled, often threadlike. Caryopses 6-22 mm long, 0.8-2 mm wide. 2n = 30.

Distribution

Conn., N.J., N.Y., Del., D.C., Wis., Ala., Ga., Md., Miss., N.C., N.H., Ohio, R.I., S.C., Fla., La., Pa., Va., Mass., Maine, Vt., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Minn., Mich., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), Ont., Que.

Discussion

Zizania aquatica is native from the central plains to the eastern seaboard. It is sometimes planted for wildfowl food. The records from western North America reflect such plantings. Most, possibly all, have since died out. The population in northern Arizona was discovered in 1967, and persisted until the early 1990s. It is presumed to have been extirpated because the area has since been developed into a golf course, and no plants have been found downstream.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Plants to 5 m tall; blades (5)10-75 mm wide; pistillate spikelets 7-24 mm long; awns to 10 cm long Zizania aquatica var. aquatica
1 Plants 0.2-1 m tall; blades 3-12(20) mm wide; pistillate spikelets 5-11 mm long; awns 1-8 mm long Zizania aquatica var. brevis

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Zizania aquatica"
acute +  and acuminate +
Edward E. Terrell +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
scabridulous +
slender +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
not fused +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
not evident +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
pistillate +  and staminate +
ascending;reflexed +
spikelike +
aerenchymatous +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (500 cm5,000 mm <br />5 m <br />) +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (500 cm5,000 mm <br />5 m <br />) +
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Wis. +, Ala. +, Ga. +, Md. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, N.H. +, Ohio +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Fla. +, La. +, Pa. +, Va. +, Mass. +, Maine +, Vt. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Minn. +, Mich. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, Ont. +  and Que. +
0 +  and 1/3 +
capillary +
sometimes longer +
sterile +, fertile +, sexual +, unisexual +  and bisexual +
round +  and compressed +
cylindrical +, oblong +  and ovoid +
subtending +
reduced +
uncinate +
solid +  and hollow +
aerenchymatous +
distributed +
thread-like +  and shriveled +
coriaceous +, chartaceous +  and membranous +
0.4mm +  and 1mm +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
scarious +  and membranous +
annular +
inconspicuous +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
well-developed +
thread-like +  and shriveled +
membranous +
0.4mm +  and 1mm +
20cm +  and 120cm +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
not prolonged +
scabridulous +
not inflated +
pistillate +  and staminate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
[9/10] +, /2 +  and 1 +
sublustrous +  and dull +
oblong +, lanceolate +, awned +  and acuminate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.25 cm12.5 mm <br />0.0125 m <br />) +
1mm +  and 2.5mm +
1 +  and 3 +
simple +  and compound +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
triangular +  and dome--shaped +
Gramineae +
Zizania aquatica +
species +
membranous +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +  and rooted +