Gymnocarpium robertianum

(Hoffmann) Newman

Phytologist 4: app. 24. 1851.

Common names: Limestone oak fern gymnocarpe de robert
Illustrated
Basionym: Polypodium robertianum Hoffmann Deutschl. Fl. 2: add. et emend. 10. 1795
Synonyms: Dryopteris robertiana (Hoffmann) C. Christensen Phegopteris robertianum (Hoffmann) Fée Thelypteris robertiana (Hoffmann) Slosson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Stems 1–2 mm diam.; scales 2–4 mm. Fertile leaves usually 10–52 cm. Petiole 5–33 cm, with numerous glandular-hairs distally; scales 2–6 mm. Blade broadly deltate, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, 5–19 cm, usually firm and robust, abaxial surface moderately to densely glandular, rachis densely glandular, adaxial surface moderately glandular. Pinna apex acute. Proximal pinnae 3–13 cm, ± perpendicular to rachis, basiscopic pinnules ± perpendicular to costa; basal basiscopic pinnules either sessile or stalked, pinnate-pinnatifid or pinnatifid, if sessile then with basal basiscopic pinnulet usually shorter than adjacent pinnulet; 2d basal basiscopic pinnule sometimes stalked, if sessile then with basal basiscopic pinnulet shorter than or equaling adjacent pinnulet; basal acroscopic pinnule sometimes stalked, if sessile then with basal basiscopic pinnulet shorter than or equaling adjacent pinnulet. Pinnae of 2d pair usually stalked, if sessile then with basal basiscopic pinnule usually shorter than adjacent pinnule and equaling basal acroscopic pinnule; basal acroscopic pinnule shorter than adjacent pinnule, apex often entire, rounded. Pinnae of 3d pair usually sessile with basal basiscopic pinnule shorter than adjacent pinnule and equaling basal acroscopic pinnule; basal acroscopic pinnule equaling or shorter than adjacent pinnule. Ultimate segments of proximal pinnae oblong, entire to slightly crenate, apex entire, rounded. Spores 34–39 µm. 2n = 160.


Habitat: Calcareous substrates, limestone pavement, outcrops, and cliffs, Thuja swamps
Elevation: 0–1000 m

Distribution

V2 42-distribution-map.gif

Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont., Que., Iowa, Mich., Minn., Wis., Europe, Asia in Caucasus Mountains

Discussion

Gymnocarpium robertianum occurs in numerous localities in eastern Canada, especially in Ontario and Quebec where it is widely distributed; populations are small. Hybrids with G. robertianum are extremely rare. Gymnocarpium × heterosporum W. H. Wagner, a putative triploid hybrid between G. robertianum and G. appalachianum, is known only from one county in Pennsylvania (plants now extirpated, K. M. Pryer 1992). Gymnocarpium × achriosporum Sarvela, a putative tetraploid hybrid between G. robertianum and G. dryopteris, is known only from Sweden and two localities in Quebec. Both hybrids resemble G. robertianum in their leaf morphology and dense glandularity but have black, malformed spores.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"-3timeslengthofblade" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Gymnocarpium robertianum"
rounded +
Kathleen M. Pryer +
(Hoffmann) Newman +
not swollen +
Polypodium robertianum +
2-3-pinnate-pinnatifid;deltate +
reduced +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (19 cm190 mm <br />0.19 m <br />) +
roundish +
Limestone oak fern +  and gymnocarpe de robert +
Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, Ont. +, Que. +, Iowa +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Wis. +, Europe +  and Asia in Caucasus Mountains +
0–1000 m +
often +  and glabrous +
of minute glands +  and lacking +
not continuous +
Calcareous substrates, limestone pavement, outcrops, and cliffs, Thuja swamps +
monomorphic +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (52 cm520 mm <br />0.52 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (33 cm330 mm <br />0.33 m <br />) +
sessile +  and stalked +
shorter +  and usually shorter +
acroscopic +, basiscopic +  and perpendicular +
pinnatifid +  and pinnate-pinnatifid +
shorter +  and usually shorter +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
Phytologist +
persistent +
round +, cuplike +, hoodlike +, reniform +, falcate +  and linear +
2 +  and 3 +
persistent +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
entire +  and crenate +
discrete +
Illustrated +
reniform +  and oblong +
dictyostelic +, unbranched +  and branched +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
creeping +  and erect +
Dryopteris robertiana +, Phegopteris robertianum +  and Thelypteris robertiana +
Gymnocarpium robertianum +
Gymnocarpium +
species +
epiphytic +  and hemiepiphytic +