Cissus trifoliata

(Linnaeus) Linnaeus

Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 897. 1759.

Common names: Marine vine or ivy sorrell vine hierba del buey ivy treebine
Illustrated
Basionym: Sicyos trifoliatus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1013. 1753
Synonyms: Cissus incisa Des Moulins
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 21.

Lianas, stout, scrambling or sprawling over low vegetation or small trees. Branches usually glabrous; branchlets succulent when young, becoming woody, sometimes rooting at nodes; growing tips usually glabrous; tendrils unbranched. Leaves usually 3-foliolate, sometimes simple; petiole usually shorter than blade; blade succulent, broadly ovate to ovate-reniform, 2–8 × 2–7 cm, if simple usually 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, margins coarsely and irregularly toothed, surfaces glabrous; leaflets (compound leaves) ovate to oblong. Flowers greenish, greenish yellow, whitish, or purplish. Berries black to blue-black, 6–12 mm diam.


Phenology: Flowering late Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
Habitat: Rocky wooded hillsides, stream banks, prairie ravines, glades, bluffs, chaparral, coastal hammocks and dunes, maritime woodlands, shell mounds in salt marshes, roadsides, waste places.
Elevation: 0–2000 m.

Distribution

V12 206-distribution-map.jpg

Ala., Ariz., Ark., Fla., Ga., Kans., La., Miss., Mo., N.Mex., Okla., Tex., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n South America

Discussion

Many previous authors treated Cissus incisa and C. trifoliata as distinct species, but the characters used to separate them (size of leaflets, branching patterns of cymes, and berry shape) appear to intergrade abundantly, particularly in Florida, where their geographical ranges overlap. It appears that much of the basis for separating these two species is geographical distribution and habitat, with C. trifoliata being chiefly coastal and tropical and C. incisa being chiefly subtropical and temperate continental. Some authors (for example, R. P. Wunderlin 1982; R. K. Godfrey 1988; J. A. Lombardi 2000) therefore have treated C. incisa as a synonym of C. trifoliata, a conclusion that is followed here.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"connate" is not a number.

... more about "Cissus trifoliata"
Michael O. Moore† +  and Jun Wen +
(Linnaeus) Linnaeus +
adherent +
Sicyos trifoliatus +
black +  and blue-black +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
toothed +, broadly ovate +  and ovate-reniform +
succulent +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
woody +  and succulent +
4-lobed +  and cup-shaped +
Marine vine or ivy +, sorrell vine +, hierba del buey +  and ivy treebine +
leaf-opposed +
corymblike +
Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Kans. +, La. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.Mex. +, Okla. +, Tex. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +  and n South America +
0–2000 m. +
purplish +, whitish +, greenish yellow +  and greenish +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Rocky wooded hillsides, stream banks, prairie ravines, glades, bluffs, chaparral, coastal hammocks and dunes, maritime woodlands, shell mounds in salt marshes, roadsides, waste places. +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
simple +  and 3-foliolate +
ovate;oblong +
unlobed +  and 3-lobed +
intrastaminal +
4-lobed +, entire +  and cup-shaped +
anatropous +  and apotropous +
distinct +
Flowering late Apr–Jun +  and fruiting Aug–Sep. +
2[-3]-carpellate +
Syst. Nat. ed. +
Illustrated +
stalked +  and multicellular +
elongate +, cylindric +  and conic +
Cissus incisa +
Cissus trifoliata +
species +
liana +, sprawling +  and scrambling +
polygamomonoecious +  and synoecious +