View source for Zygophyllum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Zygophyllum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 385. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Bean-caper
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Zygophyllaceae;Zygophyllum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Zygophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Zygophyllum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek zygon, yoke, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to conjugate leaflets as in Z. fabago
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 29
|treatment_page=page 32
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs </b>or subshrubs [shrubs], perennial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture;stem shape;stem some measurement;stem texture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>± erect, highly branched, terete, less than 1 m, fleshy [becoming woody basally], glabrous [hairy].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>opposite, 2-foliolate [even-pinnately compound or simple];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule growth form or texture;stipule shape;apex shape">stipules deciduous [persistent], ± herbaceous [membranaceous], triangular, apex acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiolule presence">petiolules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet arrangement;leaflet fusion;leaflet shape;leaflet prominence or shape;leaflet variability;base orientation or shape;apex shape;apex texture;surface pubescence">leaflets 2 [–10], opposite, distinct, obovate, flat [terete], equal, base oblique, apex rounded [acute or obtuse], fleshy, surfaces glabrous [hairy].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pedicel orientation;pedicel orientation"><b>Pedicels </b>in leaf-axils, reflexed downward [erect].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower quantity;flower architecture or course;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>1–2, slightly irregular by twisting of petals [regular];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal duration;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal coloration;sepal size;margin texture;apex shape;apex pubescence">sepals deciduous or persistent, [4–] 5, distinct, green, often unequal, margins often membranous, apex rounded [obtuse to acute], glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal duration;petal quantity;petal arrangement;petal orientation;petal architecture;petal coloration;petal coloration;base coloration;base shape;base shape;apex shape">petals deciduous, [0 or 4–] 5, imbricate, ± erect, slightly twisted [not twisted to twisted], white or yellow [orange], base red-orange [same as rest of petal], obovate, base clawed, apex rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="nectary shape">nectary annular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen variability">stamens [8–] 10, ± equal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="all fusion;all shape">filaments free, subulate, each with basal scale;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther shape">anthers ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture;ovary shape;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary pubescence">ovary sessile, [3–] 5-lobed, [3–] 5-locular, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovule atypical quantity;ovule quantity">ovules [2–] 10 per locule;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style duration">style persistent, not forming beak on fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma size">stigma minute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, oblong-cylindric [to globose], [4–] 5-angled [or winged], septicidally dehiscent [indehiscent].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>[1–] 10 per locule, gray-brown, obovoid [ovoid].</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;n;s Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 70 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The common name of Zygophyllum results from the pickled flower buds of several species being used as substitutes for capers (Capparis spinosa Linnaeus, Capparaceae) in flavoring foods.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Zygophyllum
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Zygophyllaceae
|distribution=Eurasia;n;s Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_847.xml
|genus=Zygophyllum
|all fusion=free
|all shape=subulate
|anther shape=ovate
|apex pubescence=glabrous
|apex shape=rounded;rounded;rounded;acute
|apex texture=fleshy
|base coloration=red-orange
|base orientation or shape=oblique
|base shape=clawed;obovate
|flower architecture=twisting
|flower architecture or course=irregular
|flower quantity=1;2
|fruits capsule dehiscence=dehiscent
|fruits capsule shape=[4-]5-angled;oblong-cylindric
|leaf architecture=2-foliolate
|leaf arrangement=opposite
|leaflet arrangement=opposite
|leaflet atypical quantity=2;10
|leaflet fusion=distinct
|leaflet prominence or shape=flat
|leaflet quantity=2
|leaflet shape=obovate
|leaflet variability=equal
|margin texture=membranous
|nectary shape=annular
|ovary architecture=sessile
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=[3-]5-locular
|ovary pubescence=glabrous
|ovary shape=[3-]5-lobed
|ovule atypical quantity=2;10
|ovule quantity=10
|pedicel orientation=downward;reflexed
|petal architecture=twisted
|petal arrangement=imbricate
|petal coloration=yellow;white
|petal duration=deciduous
|petal orientation=erect
|petal quantity=5
|petiolule presence=absent
|seed atypical quantity=1;10
|seed coloration=gray-brown
|seed quantity=10
|seed shape=obovoid
|sepal atypical quantity=4;5
|sepal coloration=green
|sepal duration=persistent;deciduous
|sepal fusion=distinct
|sepal quantity=5
|sepal size=unequal
|stamen atypical quantity=8;10
|stamen quantity=10
|stamen variability=equal
|stem architecture=branched
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous
|stem shape=terete
|stem some measurement=0m;1m
|stem texture=fleshy
|stigma size=minute
|stipule duration=deciduous
|stipule growth form or texture=herbaceous
|stipule shape=triangular
|style duration=persistent
|surface pubescence=glabrous
|whole_organism duration=perennial;perennial
|whole_organism growth form=subshrub;herb
}}<!--

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