View source for Trichomanes

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trichomanes
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1097. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Bristle fern
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Hymenophyllaceae;Trichomanes
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hymenophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trichomanes]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek thrix, hair, and manes, cup, alluding to the hairlike receptacle extending from the cuplike involucre
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism habitat;whole_organism habitat;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>epiphytic or on rock.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem height or length or size;stem orientation;stem shape;stem architecture;stem architecture;hair coloration;hair quantity;hair architecture;hair architecture;hair shape"><b>Stems </b>long-creeping or short and erect, clothed in masses of dark-brown hairs of 2 or more types, including multicellular gland-tipped hairs and elongate, sometimes branched and often multicellular, rhizoidlike hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="root quantity;root presence;root architecture;stem growth form or orientation;stem quantity;stem orientation"><b>Roots </b>sparse or absent on creeping stems, numerous and wiry on erect stems.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf architecture or shape;leaf shape;leaf architecture;leaf length;leaf width"><b>Leaves </b>entire, lobed, or compound, 0.5–20 × 0.2–5 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole height or length or size;petiole architecture;petiole architecture"><b>Petiole </b>short, wiry, often partially or wholly winged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade pubescence;blade pubescence;hair arrangement;hair architecture;hair architecture"><b>Blade </b>glabrous or with scattered, multicellular, gland-tipped hairs on veins;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;hair coloration;hair arrangement or shape">margins entire or minutely lobed, sometimes bearing dark stellate hairs (or orbicular scales, Trichomanes membranaceum).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="soral involucre shape"><b>Soral </b>involucres conic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sporangium architecture"><b>Sporangia </b>sessile, formed at base of exserted bristle and carried outward by intercalary growth of bristle base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="gametophyte duration;gametophyte texture;gametophyte texture;proximal net texture;blade location;apex architecture"><b>Gametophytes </b>persistent, entirely filamentous or with proximal filamentous net producing aerial blades with gemmiferous apices.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="gametophyte gemma architecture or arrangement"><b>Gametophyte </b>gemmae uniseriate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;mostly tropical;a few temperate
|discussion=<p>Trichomanes occurs primarily in tropical lowland and montane rainforests, a few species occurring in continuously moist, deeply sheltered habitats in temperate latitudes. Species outside the flora display a wide range of morphologies and habits. Some are terrestrial, some attain considerably larger size, and some have dimorphic fertile and sterile leaves.</p><!--
--><p>Filamentous gametophytes of Trichomanes can be distinguished from algae and from moss protonemata by their short cells with numerous discoid chloroplasts, by the presence of short, brown, unicellular rhizoids, and by their production of specialized gemmifer cells and gemmae.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 320 (8 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=boer1962a
|text=Wessels Boer, J. G. 1962. The New World species of Trichomanes sect. Didymoglossum and Microgonium. Acta Bot. Neerl. 11: 277--330.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=farrar1982a
|text=Farrar, D. R., J. C. Parks, and B. W. McAlpin. 1982. The fern genera Vittaria and Trichomanes in the northeastern United States. Rhodora 85: 83--92.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants entirely filamentous; on rock in temperate uplands of e U.S.
|[[Trichomanes intricatum|Trichomanes intricatum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves entire to irregularly palmately lobed with veins repeatedly forking from base to weakly pinnate.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves 2-4 cm, bearing dark, large, branched hairs on margins between lobes.
|[[Trichomanes krausii|Trichomanes krausii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves 4-20 cm, without hairs on margins.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves 1-2-pinnate-pinnatifid, widely spaced on long-creeping stems.
|[[Trichomanes boschianum|Trichomanes boschianum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves pinnatifid, clustered on short erect stems.
|[[Trichomanes holopterum|Trichomanes holopterum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins fringed with paired disclike scales.
|[[Trichomanes membranaceum|Trichomanes membranaceum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins fringed with dark stellate hairs.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Soral involucres 1 per leaf; involucral lips not dark-edged; venation weakly pinnate.
|[[Trichomanes petersii|Trichomanes petersii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Soral involucres 1-6 per leaf; involucral lips dark-edged; veins repeatedly forking from base.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves 5-10 cm; soral involucres flaring at mouth.
|[[Trichomanes punctatum subsp. floridanum|Trichomanes punctatum subsp. floridanum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves 1-3 cm; soral involucres not flaring at mouth.
|[[Trichomanes lineolatum|Trichomanes lineolatum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trichomanes
|author=Donald R. Farrar
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Hymenophyllaceae
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;mostly tropical;a few temperate
|reference=boer1962a;farrar1982a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2_35.xml
|genus=Trichomanes
|apex architecture=gemmiferous
|blade location=aerial
|blade pubescence=with scattered , multicellular , gland-tipped hairs;glabrous
|gametophyte duration=persistent
|gametophyte gemma architecture or arrangement=uniseriate
|gametophyte texture=with proximal filamentous net;filamentous
|hair architecture=gland-tipped;multicellular;gland-tipped;multicellular
|hair arrangement=scattered
|hair arrangement or shape=stellate
|hair coloration=dark;dark-brown
|hair quantity=2
|hair shape=rhizoid-like
|leaf architecture=compound
|leaf architecture or shape=entire
|leaf length=0.5cm;20cm
|leaf shape=lobed
|leaf width=0.2cm;5cm
|margin shape=lobed;entire
|petiole architecture=winged;wiry
|petiole height or length or size=short
|proximal net texture=filamentous
|root architecture=wiry
|root presence=absent
|root quantity=sparse
|soral involucre shape=conic
|sporangium architecture=sessile
|stem architecture=multicellular;branched
|stem growth form or orientation=creeping;long-creeping
|stem height or length or size=short
|stem orientation=erect;erect
|stem quantity=numerous
|stem shape=elongate
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism habitat=on rock;epiphytic
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hymenophyllaceae]]