in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, vines
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41. 2007. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Leaves: stipules present or absent. Flowers: floral-tube present or, rarely
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bracteate > 9 9 Cauline leaves petiolate > 10 9 Cauline leaves sessile > 14 10 Cauline leaves compound > 11 10 Cauline leaves simple > 12 11 Plants terrestrial
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appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 214. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 195, 200, 257, 362. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs
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entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous disc, or hypanthium
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corollas 4–10 mm > 10 10 Stems usually leafy to arrays; involucres 4–6 × 6–15 mm; ray florets 150–250(–400), corollas usually white or pinkish, 5–10 mm; pappus
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lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per side, absent to sinuses, matte. Inflorescences: branches glabrous or
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(–4) -fid. Achenes biconvex, planoconvex, or trigonous, rarely 4-angled. x = 10. Worldwide Species ca. 2000 (480 in the flora). Carex is one of the largest
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 18. Mentioned on page 10, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 57, 74, 75, 119, 312, 345, 346, 347, 352, 383
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funnelform (throats neither inflated nor indurate); pappi of 10–30 barbellate bristles > 10 10 Leaf faces often stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted; phyllaries
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Epigaea); intrastaminal nectary disc present or absent; stamens (2–) 5–8 (–10) [14, 16, 20]; filaments distinct; anthers inverted during development, often
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covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
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floret also present. > 10 10 Glumes membranous, flexible; all spikelets pedicellate, pedicels 0.5-1 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm thick Mibora 10 Glumes coriaceous,
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have x = 10, and the taxa are pan-tropical in origin. The taxa in the other clade, with one exception, have a chromosome base number of x = 10 and are American
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7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae in the Flora region can be recognized
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Hoch Common names: Evening Primrose Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, annual or perennial, shrubs, or subshrubs, [lianas or trees], terrestrial
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lacinate; stamens (5 or) 10 (absent in pistillate flowers), in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary; staminodes absent or rarely 1–10; ovary 1-locular, sometimes
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utricles (Scleranthus), opening by (2–) 3–6, occasionally 8 or 10 valves or (3 or) 6–10 teeth; carpophore present or often absent. Seeds 1–60+, yellowish
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intrastaminal nectary disc present; stamens (8-) 10; anthers dehiscent by slits or pores; ovary 2-10-locular; placentation axile; style straight. Fruits
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prismatic or compressed to flattened, rarely, if ever, beaked, bodies often 10-ribbed or (4–) 5-angled, smooth or papillate to rugose between ribs or angles
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bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading at anthesis
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basally, slender; anthers longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 1, 2–7 [–10] -carpellate, 1–7 [–10] -locular; placentation usually parietal, sometimes axile on intruded
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89. 1827. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs (annual or perennial), [shrubs]. Leaves alternate or basal; stipules
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compressed or terete; embryos 1/2 or more the length of the caryopses. x = 9, 10. The tribe Paniceae, which includes about 100 genera and 2000 species, is
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(sometimes paired or clustered) often plicate in bud, usually 1/2 divided, often 10-ribbed at base (unribbed in S. hermaphrodita) or angulate, lobes acute or
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2-12-rayed > 10 9 Fruit valves glabrous, pubescent, or puberulent, trichomes simple > 13 10 Styles 1.4-3.4 mm; cauline leaves (4-)6-10(-13); racemes (10-)18-55(-67)-
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cylindric or narrowly turbinate to broadly campanulate or hemispheric; teeth 5–10, sometimes lobelike, not awned. Flowers bisexual or, infrequently, unisexual
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471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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even if in wetlands > 10 10 Anthers dehiscing by continuous marginal slit (with a single theca); styles sub-basal. Drymocallis 10 Anthers dehiscing longitudinally;
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embryonic leaf margins usually meeting, rarely overlapping, x = (7, 8,) 9, 10 (12). The subfamily Chloridoideae is most abundant in dry, tropical and subtropical
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that are bladeless; intravaginal shoots have prominently keeled prophylls 10-50 mm long that are open on the abaxial side and initial leaves with well-developed
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campanulate to cylindric (often spreading upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes
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plants); sepals connate proximally into tube, (4–) 10–28 (–40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate
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usually obovoid or obconic, sometimes fusiform, ± compressed, nerves (2–) 3–5 (–10, sometimes dark-translucent), faces glabrous or strigillose, eglandular (sparsely
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falling, of 30–80+, white to stramineous, barbellulate to smooth bristles. x = 10. Nearly worldwide, mostly in warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions
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distally at junction of ovary and free portion of hypanthium; stamens (2–) 5 (–9) 10; anthers usually dehiscent longitudinally, rarely by broad terminal openings
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or ± compressed, rarely beaked, bodies usually smooth, sometimes rugose or 10-nerved or 20-nerved (glabrous or puberulent to villous; often with apical
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blades) > 10 9 Plants usually sparsely to densely pubescent proximally (sometimes throughout) > 13 10 Fruits 3-5(-7) mm wide; seeds 3-6 × 2-4 mm > 11 10 Fruits
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mealy, rarely absent, endocarp multiple-seeded); pyrenes 1–10, connate or not. Seeds 1–10, distinct or connate along radial faces of stony endocarp into
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turf-forming or loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally rounded-triangular
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1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
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disc absent or present; stamens 8-10 [-16]; anthers dehiscent by terminal pores or short slits; ovary 5-locular or 10-locular; placentation axile; style
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on page 6, 7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or
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Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 10+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 11, pp. 51–216. Wurdack, K., P. Hoffmann, and M. W
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connectives not splitting. > 10 10 Corollas red to scarlet or orange, rarely yellow, glabrous externally. 26b.9. Penstemon sect. Elmigera 10 Corollas white to pink
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 117. Mentioned on page 3, 10, 11, 113, 114, 118, 147, 164, 186, 191. Plants acrocarpous, small to large
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al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B. L. Clark, and A. M. Funston. 1996. The segregate
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intrastaminal nectary disc present; stamens (2-) 5-10; anthers dehiscent by lateral pores or slits; ovary (2-) 5-10-locular; placentation axile (parietal distally
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orbiculate, 1-26 mm; nectary present, usually covered by scale; stamens (5-) 10-many; filaments filiform; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils
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phyllaries in 2–4 series, pistillate florets in 2–8 series, bisexual florets 10(–30), corollas yellow, 4-lobed, and cypselae obovoid, 1–1.5 mm, epappose.
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