Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blade 5-15 × 2-5cm, apex rounded or blunt; abaxial surface pellucid-dotted. Flowers ca.
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tripetala, Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 535. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5 240. 1754. Frederick G. Meyer Etymology: For Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), professor
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Association Stems 2-6 (-11) dm, ± puberulent. Leaves 5-28. Leaf-blade semicircular, 9-27-lobed, 1-5cm wide, ± puberulent, lobes less than 1.5 mm wide. Inflorescences
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Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 5+ vols. in 6+. New York and London. Vol. 5, pp. 5–471. Eldenäs, P. K., M. Källersjö, and A. A. Anderberg
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to narrowly acute or acuminate; sheath 1.5–3cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid-cylindric, 1.5–3.5cm, yellow or red. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years
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light-redbrown, ca. 0.6–0.7 (–1) cm, slightly resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 (–4) per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting 2 years, 6–15cm × 0.8–1mm, straight
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(–40) × 1–1.5mm, yellow-green to dark or bluish green, apex obtuse to acute. Pollen cones yellow-red. Seed-cones 4–10 × 3–3.5cm. Seeds 5–6mm, wing longer
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ovoid-cylindric, light-redbrown, 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 6–10cm × 0.7–1mm, straight, slightly
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inflorescence branches usually without obvious bracts. Spikelets with (0-1) 2 (3-6) glumes (empty bracts) subtending 1-60 florets, glumes and florets distichously
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level, 2-6 times as long as trophophore; sporangial clusters 0.5-1.5cm, 1.5 mm or less wide, mostly with 5-12 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 0.5-1 mm. Phenology:
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Seed-cones cylindric, (5–) 6–7 (–12) × 3–3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2–2.5 × 2–2.5cm, densely pubescent;
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Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
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ovoid-cylindric, dark-brown, 1–2.5cm, resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 2–3 years, 8–15cm × (1.2–) 1.5 (–2) mm, slightly twisted
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glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.2–2.5cm × 1.5–2mm, 1-ranked (particularly on lower branches) to spiraled, flexible; cross-section
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FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 14. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 1-500 cm, not woody, usually not branched above the base. Sheaths usually open, often
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revision of the North American species of Erigeron, north of Mexico. Brittonia 6: 121–302. Nesom, G. L. 1989c. Infrageneric taxonomy of New World Erigeron (Compositae:
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short-shoots 2–3.5cm × 0.6–0.8mm, 0.4–0.6mm thick, keeled abaxially, 2-angled adaxially; resin canals 40–80µm from margins, each surrounded by 6–10 epithelial
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Malvinda Boehmer Pseudomalachra (K. Schumann) Monteiro Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 215, 217, 239, 311. Herbs, annual
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1118. 1835. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 215. Mentioned on page 187, 188, 192, 298, 305. Herbs, subshrubs
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entire or distantly serrulate, apex conic-acute to conic-subulate; sheath 0.5–1.5cm, scales soon recurving, shed early. Pollen cones ellipsoid, ca. 10mm, bluish
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sometimes borne singly. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series (usually in spirals, sometimes in vertical ranks), distinct, unequal
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Vesicariae, Carex sect. Vulpinae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 420. 1754. Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex laîche Treatment
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infrequently terete to subterete, usually lanceolate, sometimes ovate; florets (1) 2-6 (13), usually sexual, sometimes bulb-forming; rachillas usually terete, sometimes
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cylindric, 5–10 × 3–3.5cm, dark purple-blue to grayish purple, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 1.5 × 2.5cm, densely pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 5–7 ×
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obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, white, sometimes pale cream (ser. Montaninsulae)
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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Scleria, Carex, Cymophyllus, and Kobresia; perianth absent or with (1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually
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broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes
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corymbose, or solitary flowers. Flowers unisexual [bisexual]; sepals (4–) 5 (–6), sometimes vestigial (Cyclanthera), connate, calyx rotate, campanulate,
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emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral outer pair shorter than
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yellow. Seed-cones cylindric, 8–10 (–13) × 3.5–5cm, purple, sessile, apex round to nipple-shaped; scales ca. 2 × 2cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 10–12
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or 3-5 locular, placentation free-central, basal, or axile in proximal half; ovules mostly campylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate; styles 1-5 (-6), distinct
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below the glumes. > 6 6 Lemmas awned, awns longer than 2 mm. > 7 7 Glumes coriaceous, rigid, hispid or scabrous; lemmas awned, awns 5-14.5 mm long, subterminal
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peduncle, rarely between ovary and perianth or ovary and pedicel; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, all petaloid or sepals sometimes greener and more foliaceous
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ca. 1.5cm, resinous; scale margins fringed, apex attenuate. Leaves 3 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 4–5 years, (8–) 9–15 (–20) cm × (1–)
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margins finely serrulate, apex acute to abruptly conic-subulate; sheath 1–2.5cm, base persistent. Pollen cones cylindric, 20–40mm, yellow to yellowbrown.
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to purplish, not yellow, not 2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear; anther
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lateral clefts slightly deeper than abaxial and adaxial (C. plagiotoma); petals 5, corolla white to pale greenish proximally, usually becoming green, white,
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545, 570, 615. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 5–100 (–250+) cm (perennating bases taprooted, fibrous-rooted, branched caudices, or
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Inflorescences terminal, panicles to 30 cm or longer. Flowers fragrant, subsessile; petals white, lanceolate, 6 mm; stamens 6, long-exserted, connectives white
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mostly yellow, infrequently whitish or reddish, funnelform to tubular; tepals 6, connate basally into tube atop a typically constricted neck; limb lobes erect
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Philadelphia, n. s. 1: 166. 1848. James L. Reveal Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 331. Mentioned on page 221, 222, 223, 365. Herbs, shrubs
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Leaves 3 per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting (2–) 4–6 (–7) years, 12–22 (–25) cm × ca. 1.5–2mm, slightly twisted, gray to yellow-green, all surfaces
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ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves mostly 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–3.5cm × 0.8–1.2mm, mostly connivent, deep
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cymiform, or subumbelliform arrays. Calyculi 0 or 1–5+ bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13
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cylindric or campanulate to hemispheric, 4–22 mm diam. Phyllaries 20–84 in (3–) 4–6 (–9) series, 1 (–3) -nerved (not keeled), oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate
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sometimes dioecious; cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 2-160 cm, not woody, erect, decumbent, or geniculate, sometimes rooting at the lower
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in A. triquetrum); tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments
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occasionally sessile; perianth actinomorphic or zygomorphic, often very showy; tepals 6, distinct or less often connate proximally forming tube that may also bear
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A. Gleason, and J.H. Barnhart (eds.). North American Flora, vol. 17, part 6. New York Botanical Garden, New York, New York, U.S.A. 64 pp. Hitchcock, A
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