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Leaves usually reclining to decumbent, sometimes erect; blades mostly oblanceolate to spatulate, sometimes nearly linear, 3–15 cm, margins usually dentate

Plants robust, with large crowns, to 40 cm diam.; trunks to 1.5 m, usually reclining. Leaves stout, rigid; blade whitish or bluish green, 35–100 × 2–3 cm

basally, usually plane distally, sinuate to entire proximally, toothed to entire distally; apex acuminate or acute; costa double or obscure, usually to 1/4

ulmifolia), petiolate or subsessile; stipules persistent, usually linear to lanceolate or falcate; blade usually unlobed (lobed with maplelike leaves in S. hermaphrodita)

arching, creeping, sprawling, spreading, scrambling, pendent, climbing, or reclining, sometimes absent. Leaves deciduous or persistent, basal, basal and cauline

Plants in small to large mats, usually golden to yellow-green, glossy or dull. Stems reddish green or sometimes redbrown, reclining or sometimes erect or arching

354, 355. Herbs, annual or perennial, or subshrubs, sometimes glaucous, usually hairy, sometimes glabrate, hairs stellate or simple or both, with taproot

perennial, with taproot or thickened rootstock. Stems usually prostrate, sometimes erect, ascending, reclining, or decumbent, branched [unbranched], terete or

leaves 3-9; sheaths glabrous or sparsely pilose, usually ciliate; ligules 0.2-1.8 mm, of hairs; blades usually 2-5 cm, sometimes with prominent white, cartilaginous

Whittemore Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems erect to reclining, not rooting nodally, hirsute or sometimes pilose or glabrous, base not

leaves usually spreading. Primary panicles 3-12 cm, long-exserted, usually with many spikelets; branches wiry, mostly spreading or ascending, usually glabrous

468. Mentioned on page 20, 428, 449, 469. Shrubs, spreading or partially reclining, 5–60 dm. Stems 1–3+, erect or divergent, straight or geniculate; bark

Stems erect and stout to twining and reclining, 2-30 dm. Cauline leaves: blade deeply 3-5 (-7) -divided, usually with more than 2 mm leaf tissue between

perennial, glabrous or pubescent, from stout, ± woody taproots. Stems erect to reclining, often clambering through other vegetation, unarmed, with glutinous bands

Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, clambering or arching-reclining, branched near base, sometimes with well-developed trunks. Stems dark green

weakly erect to reclining, 10-30 cm, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; basal petioles 2 cm, distal petioles shorter. Leaf-blade: basal usually ternately compound

apex usually rounded, occasionally slightly emarginate, surfaces glabrous; venation usually obscure, only midvein conspicuous. Cyathia usually solitary

Association Herbs, annual, with taproot, 1.5-8 dm. Stems usually branched from base, erect or reclining. Leaf-blades narrowly ovate to orbiculate, distal blades

parallel to midvein except near base. Inflorescences: peduncle reclining in fruit, usually equal to or longer than leaves, apex swollen; spathe absent; spadix

1-16, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; style present or absent. Fruits achenes, usually aggregate, sessile or stipitate, ovoid to obovoid, falcate, or discoid,

181. Mentioned on page 96. Shrubs, ascending to erect, spreading, or reclining, usually much branched near base, forming thickets. Roots diffuse. Stems somewhat

John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems erect to reclining, slender, 60-200 cm. Leaves: proximal cauline petiolate, distal cauline

Herbs [shrubs], perennial, usually not succulent, glabrous or stipitate-glandular; resin canals sometimes obvious. Rhizomes usually present; roots fibrous

pleiochasial branches, that arise from a common point. The pleiochasium usually is terminated by a cyathium, but that sometimes aborts. Dorsey, B. L. et

8–30 (–35) cm. Stems 1–5, erect, ascending, or decumbent, sometimes later reclining to nearly prostrate, glabrous or puberulent, on caudex from subligneous

connecting rhizomes 5-30 mm. Stems erect, reclining or climbing, 3-25 dm. Cauline leaves: blade 3-5-divided, usually with more than 2 mm leaf tissue between

herbaceous, hollow, usually erect or ascending, rarely sprawling, in the spring often spreading, sometimes decumbent in the fall, usually branching from the

absent. Scirpus hybrids are usually sterile, or at least show greatly reduced fertility. Interspecific hybrids are usually easy to recognize because most

Mentioned on page 97, 180. Trees or shrubs, erect to ascending or reclining, usually branched in basal portion, older plants with closely parallel, erect

2-0.8 (1.6) mm thick, weak, erect or reclining; nodes usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely bearded; internodes usually glabrous, occasionally sparsely pubescent;

annual, with stinging and nonstinging hairs. Stems usually branched, erect, spreading, or reclining. Leaves opposite; stipules present. Leaf-blades ovate

Association Trees, to 25 m; trunks straight and erect to inclined or basally reclining or prostrate, to 1.2 (-2) m diam., lower branches becoming thick, contorted

massive; trunks sometimes straight and erect, more commonly irregular, reclining, or prostrate with branches irregular and sometimes near ground, to 2+m

that disperse seeds ballistically are usually on erect peduncles; capsules that passively release their seeds usually point downward (A. J. Beattie and N

membranous-translucent. Culms often arching or recurved or reclining, their spikelets usually all fruiting simultaneously, long to very short in 1 tuft

stoloniferous, 2–44 cm. Stems 1–4, ascending to erect (sometimes later reclining to nearly prostrate), glabrous or sparsely pubescent, on caudex from subligneous

perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. Stems 1–5, erect (later reclining), glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline;

golden brown. Stems 1–3 cm, reclining to suberect, weakly complanate-foliate, pinnate to irregularly branched. Leaves usually falcate, sometimes strongly

Treatment on page 331. Mentioned on page 332. Leaves mostly reclining to prostrate; blades usually linear to oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 3–10 (–15) cm

reproducing vegetatively by droppers or offshoots. Leaves 5–14 cm; blade green, usually not mottled, elliptic-lanceolate to ovatelanceolate, conduplicate, glaucous

slender to ± thickened. Stems 1–15+, mostly erect to ascending, rarely reclining, slender, much branched distally or throughout, glaucous, glabrous or sparsely

prostrate to reclining, usually mound or mat-forming, 7–25 cm, glabrous, puberulent, shortly pilose or hirsute. Leaves opposite; stipules usually distinct

cespitose; rhizomes short, tough, fibrous. Culms: fertile ones erect or reclining; nodes sometimes with axillary bulblets. Leaves 14–22 (–26) per culm; sheaths

fruit. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, 1–10-flowered. Flowers showy, usually nodding, sometimes held laterally or erect; tepals 6 (as few as 4 in E.

cespitose; rhizomes short, tough, fibrous. Culms: fertile ones upright or reclining; nodes without axillary bulblets. Leaves 6–12 per culm; sheaths of proximal

rhizomes brownish, short, tough, fibrous. Culms: fertile ones upright or reclining; nodes sometimes with axillary bulblets. Leaves 5–9 per culm; sheaths of

FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 153. Mentioned on page 154. Stems erect, reclining, or clambering, to 3–5 m; ribs 10–12. Spines 9–13 per areole, 2–4 cm, tipped

Plants cespitose; rhizomes short, tough, fibrous. Culms: fertile ones lax, reclining, inflorescences lopping over to (or nearly to) ground; nodes without axillary

on page 312. Mentioned on page 308, 309, 313. Stems erect (rarely reclining), usually branching proximally, 2.5–10 dm, glabrous; rhizomes thickened; bulblets

Association Plants cespitose; rhizomes short, stout. Culms: fertile ones lax, reclining, inflorescences lopping over to (or nearly to) ground; nodes sometimes

trunks to 1 m, erect or reclining. Leaves elongate, rigid; blade bright green, 90–110 × (1.5–) 2–3 cm wide above broadened base, usually smooth and shiny, glabrous

1/4 - 1/2 as wide as long, usually narrow, congested. Spikelets 1.3-1.9 mm, ascending to appressed, usually ellipsoid, usually puberulent (rarely glabrous)

1.5-1.8 mm, usually glabrous, rarely slightly pubescent. Lower glumes usually less than 14 as long as the spikelets; upper glumes usually shorter than

60 cm, very slender, weak; nodes usually glabrous; internodes often flattened, green, glabrous; fall phase with reclining or decumbent culms and numerous

or short-lived perennial, with usually slender, occasionally slightly thickened, rootstock. Stems prostrate to reclining, 5–40 cm, glabrous. Leaves opposite;

Copyright: Utah State University Plants cespitose. Culms 60-100 cm, sometimes reclining or decumbent, glabrous. Collars not elongate, about as wide as the blade;

all nodes, reclining from masses of branchlets and numerous reduced, ciliate blades and secondary panicles. Cauline sheaths and blades usually glabrous,

Inflorescences erect or ascending, often ± spiciform, usually open, sometimes dense, calyces usually not conspicuously overlapping except sometimes in bud

toothed in apex; apex acuminate; costa double, faint to distinct; alar cells usually pigmented in interior, hyaline to yellowish on margins, region well defined