basally; lip 3-lobed, base spurred, margins occasionally entire, nectarless; pollinaria 2, each with 1 pollen mass; viscidia within single 2-lobed bursicle;
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Kalkman]), 5–80 mm diam.; hypanthium 3–10 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely glandular; sepals 5, erect
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
tuolumnense, Erythronium umbilicatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 305. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 145. 1754. Geraldine A. Allen, Kenneth R. Robertson Common names: Trout-l
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
verticillata P. J. Bergius Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 26: 142, plates 4, 5. 1765. A. A. Reznicek, John E. Fairey III, Alan T. Whittemore Etymology: Greek
13 KB (648 words) - 01:45, 30 July 2020
connective extension; staminodes absent; pistil 5-carpellate, placentae parietal; stigma lingulate, 5-lobed, papillate. Fruits capsules, dehiscing by apical
11 KB (827 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
to oblanceolate; cauline bracts ovate to linearlanceolate. Inflorescences many-flowered racemes or spicate racemes. Flowers resupinate, white, yellow-green
11 KB (532 words) - 05:26, 30 July 2020
vinifera); calyx a minute rim, entire or 5-toothed; petals (3–) 5 (–9), connate distally, forming calyptra; nectary free, (3–) 5 (–9) glands alternating with stamens;
14 KB (773 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
perennials, 5–120 cm; taprooted or with caudices (in perennial species; M. borealis rhizomatous). Stems 1–30+, erect, simple or relatively few to many-branched
15 KB (826 words) - 20:23, 29 July 2020
Lower Taxa Carlina vulgaris Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 828. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 360. 1754. David J. Keil Common names: Carline-thistle Etymology: For Charles
8 KB (580 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
bristles”). Florets many; corollas white to pink, purple, or yellow; outer sterile, corollas expanded, raylike, bilateral, 5–many-lobed; inner fertile, corollas
7 KB (571 words) - 20:01, 29 July 2020
Flowers bisexual; sepals persistent, 5 (4 in A. nummularia, A. sensitiva), distinct, ovate to deltate; petals 5 (4 in A. nummularia, A. sensitiva), connate
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
-flowered cymes. Flowers pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 3-5; petals yellow; nectary scale attached on 3 sides, forming pocket enclosing
9 KB (584 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
slightly greenish; lodicules 2, broadly lanceolate, glabrous, lobed; functional anthers (1-2) 3, 0.1-5 mm; ovaries glabrous. Caryopses 1-4 mm, ellipsoidal, often
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
-veined, not lobed, apices obtuse to acute, unawned; calluses glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lemmas usually glabrous, obtuse to acute, (1) 3 (5) -veined,
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
deep green, reduced, inconspicuous, 1–2.5 mm, 5–20% as long as beak; teeth incurved to ascending, deep green, 0.5–1.5 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Idaho, Mont
13 KB (773 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
develops into seed; stigma minutely 3-lobed, papillose. Fruits drupes, berrylike, spheroid [oblate or pyriform] or lobed when more than 1 seed develops; exocarp
11 KB (668 words) - 00:59, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences 2.5–10 × 2–5.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally red to red-orange, narrowly lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 3–5-lobed; lobes spreading
10 KB (682 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
lanceolate, 2–13 cm, not or ± fleshy, margins wavy or plane, flat or involute, 0–5-lobed, sometimes with small secondary lobes, short, leafy axillary shoots common
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diam.; epicalyx bractlets, if present, 5 (10 in G. glaciale); hypanthium saucer-shaped to cupshaped, 2–6 mm; sepals 5 (–10 in G. glaciale), erect to erect-spreading
22 KB (1,259 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
densely pubescent, hairs variously stellate to simple. Stems solitary to many, erect or ascending, rarely decumbent. distinct. Flowers: calyx somewhat
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oblong-lanceolate, 9–35 cm, not fleshy, margins wavy, involute, 0 (–3) -lobed, distal sometimes 3-lobed, apex narrowly acuminate; lobes ascending or spreading, linear
8 KB (639 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
(bases cuneate to ± attenuate), margins subentire to dentate or pinnately lobed (apices rounded or obtuse to acute or acuminate, faces glabrous or glabrate
28 KB (2,401 words) - 20:10, 29 July 2020
broadly obovate or orbiculate, 2-5-lobed, lobe margins toothed or shallow to deeply incised. Inflorescences terminal, many-flowered panicles of racemelike
10 KB (451 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
persistent or deciduous, basally connate; ovaries [2–] 3–4 [–5] -carpelled (stigmatic teeth as many as carpels, placenta sometimes forked apically). Capsules
9 KB (681 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
Arctium minus, Arctium tomentosum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 816. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 357. 1754. David J. Keil Common names: Burdock clotbur bardane Etymology:
8 KB (565 words) - 20:01, 29 July 2020
1-3 mm, apices usually rounded; lodicules 2 or 3, membranous, not lobed; anthers 3, 1.5-6 mm, sometimes penicillate; ovaries with 2 style-branches, branches
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
absent; blade usually unlobed, sometimes lobed basally (sometimes deeply 3-lobed in T. laciniata) [palmately lobed], margins serrate, crenate, dentate, or
14 KB (615 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
2-4-veined, lobed-truncate; anthers 1; ovaries glabrous; styles 2; style-branches 2, plumose, reddish-purple at anthesis. Caryopses 1.9-5 mm, laterally
9 KB (735 words) - 03:55, 30 July 2020
0 (–3) -lobed, apex rounded to acute; lobes spreading-ascending, narrowly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences 3–34 × 1.5–3.5 cm; flowers
8 KB (645 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
narrowly lanceolate, 1–9 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 3–5 (–9) -lobed, apex acuminate to narrowly acute; lobes spreading, linear, arising near
9 KB (634 words) - 18:51, 29 July 2020
Involucres hemispheric or ovoid, sometimes constricted distally, 5–15 cm diam. Phyllaries many in 5–8+ series, unequal; outer lanceolate to broadly ovate, leathery
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yellowbrown, orange, or 2-colored]; nectary extrastaminal, annular and 5-lobed or of 5 glands; stamens [6–] 8 or 10 in 1–2 whorls, distinct or connate basally
14 KB (637 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
genera with 344 species, and 4 hybrid genera, each of which has one species. Many of the tribe's species are well known as lawn and pasture grasses, for example
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
-flowered racemes, 5-30 cm; bracts leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, bilaterally symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5; upper sepal 1
8 KB (407 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
(–10). Schizocarps 4–7 mm diam.; mericarps usually (4–) 6 or 7 (–10), (1.5–) 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, sides usually smooth, thin, margins and back usually lightly
12 KB (722 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
spikes or panicles, often fasciated in cultivated forms, many-flowered. Flowers bisexual; tepals 3–5, distinct, membranous or scarious, usually glabrous; filaments
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leaves, paniculate with 3–5 orders of branching, about as ± as long as leaves; prophyll membranaceous; peduncular bracts many, obscuring rachis; rachillae
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involute, 0 (–3) -lobed, apex acuminate; lobes ascending to spreading, linear to lanceolate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1–8.5 × 2–5 cm; bracts proximally
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all locules fertile; placentation axile; ovules many per locule; style terminal, filiform; stigma 3-lobed. Fruits berries; sepals not persistent in fruit
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rounded, oblong, or sagittate; ovary incompletely 3-locular; ovules 10–many; style 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, elongate. Seeds 10–200, ovoid, testa with longitudinal
9 KB (438 words) - 06:03, 30 July 2020
antherodes usually 3-lobed; ovary 3-locular, ovules 1–many per locule, 1 [–2] -seriate. Capsules 3-valved, 3-locular. Seeds 1–many per locule, 1 [–2] -seriate;
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(H. coccineus, H. poeppigii, H. schizopetalus); ovary 5-carpellate; ovules 8–60 per carpel; styles 5-branched from or beyond orifice of staminal column;
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
Sp. Pl. 2: 1034. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 456. 1754. James E. Eckenwalder Etymology: Latin populus, the people, many fanciful allusions supposed but none
32 KB (2,739 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
maroon, linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.8–3.5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, slightly involute, 0–3 (–5) -lobed, apex acuminate; lateral lobes ascending to
8 KB (657 words) - 15:32, 15 December 2020
involute, 3–7-lobed, apex acute to rounded; lateral lobes spreading, narrowly linear, apex acuminate. Inflorescences (3.5–) 8–20 × 2–5.5 cm; bracts proximally
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glands, interpetiolar, distinct); petiole present; blade (sometimes pinnately lobed, base somewhat decurrent on petioles) margins entire, pinnatisect, or with
14 KB (751 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
connate basally; ovary 1-locular; style very short to absent; stigma 2-lobed, secreting pollination droplet. Berries borne on recurved pedicels (when
13 KB (906 words) - 17:24, 5 October 2020
shoot, projecting from tip of pseudostem, pedunculate racemes of several to many-flowered monochasial cymes (cincinni); bracts of main axis enclosing cincinni
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arcuate, ascending from base to apex; margins entire or sometimes palmately lobed; stipules absent, rarely stipulate, never with tendrils; petioles typically
9 KB (490 words) - 05:18, 30 July 2020
stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11. Introduced; temperate
7 KB (505 words) - 05:47, 30 July 2020
Involucres ovoid to hemispheric, 2–4 × 1.5–6 cm, loosely arachnoid on phyllary margins or glabrate. Phyllaries in 5–10 series, imbricate, ovate or lanceolate
15 KB (1,232 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
Herbs, sometimes subshrubs, perennial, 1.5–3.5 (–4.5) dm; from a woody caudex; with a taproot. Stems several to many, ascending to erect, often grayish, unbranched
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per 5 cm, open, ± pyramidal, usually at least 3 times longer than wide, spurs rarely intersecting rachis; pedicel spreading, usually more than 1.5 cm,
13 KB (670 words) - 08:25, 30 July 2020
Leaves alternate, petiolate; blade gray-green, 1-2× pinnately deeply lobed; primary lobes 3-5, lanceolate or ovate. Inflorescences terminal, 1-flowered; bracts
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dilated and 3-lobed proximal to middle; stigma 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, globose to cylindrical, to 8 cm, infrequently produced. Seeds many, black, flat
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Lower Taxa Carpinus caroliniana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432. 1754. John J. Furlow Common names: Hornbeam Etymology: Latin carpinus
10 KB (706 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
lanceolate or elliptic, rarely linear, 1.5–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat, (0–) 3–9-lobed, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse; lobes
11 KB (705 words) - 18:54, 29 July 2020
racemes; floral bracts leaflike, often exceeding flowers. Flowers few-to-many, resupinate, pedicellate; perianth free, spreading or loosely connivent,
6 KB (414 words) - 05:27, 30 July 2020
involute, 3 (–5) -lobed, apex acute; lobes spreading, linear to lanceolate, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescences erect to ascending, 3–12 × 1–2.5 cm; bracts
11 KB (759 words) - 18:51, 29 July 2020
Lower Taxa Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 309. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 146. 1754. Gerald B. Straley†, Frederick H. Utech Common names: Asphodel Etymology:
6 KB (334 words) - 05:47, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 176. Mentioned on page 169, 186. Plants perennial; taproot stout; caudex much-branched, woody, producing many erect-to-straggling
9 KB (729 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
et al. 1992). Many species are extremely variable due to horticultural selection and naturalization. Besides the following species, many of the cultivars
7 KB (412 words) - 05:58, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect, 1.5–12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate
14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
with 5–14 pairs of pinnules; abaxial and adaxial surfaces glandular, lacking nonglandular hairs or scales. Pinnules dentate, sometimes deeply lobed; margins
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branches several to many, stiffly ascending, distally nodding. Leaves: blades elliptic, 10–50 × 5–20 cm, 1–2 times pinnately lobed or divided, lobes lanceolate
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Flowers bisexual; sepals 5, calyx radially or bilaterally symmetric, campanulate, lobes linear-oblong to elliptic or triangular; petals 5, corolla yellow to
15 KB (843 words) - 19:14, 29 July 2020
broadly funnelform, abruptly flared from narrow tubes, deeply 5-lobed; stamens 3–5. Fruits with 5 low ribs, obovoid or narrowly obovate and tapering at both
8 KB (905 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
shallowly crateriform, 1.5–5 mm diam.; sepals 5, erect to spreading or slightly reflexed, triangular to elliptic-ovate or deltate; petals 5, usually white, sometimes
16 KB (1,203 words) - 14:27, 30 July 2020
or ovate-triangular, deeply palmately 3–5 (–7) -lobed, lobes oblong to ovate or triangular, each pinnately lobed to shallowly sinuate-lobulate, margins
13 KB (972 words) - 11:37, 30 July 2020
funnelform, constricted beyond ovaries, tube abruptly expanded to (4–) 5-lobed limb; stamens 2–8, included or exserted; styles at or extending beyond anthers;
15 KB (627 words) - 09:17, 30 July 2020
corymbs, many flowered. Flowers: sepals greenish to purple, ovate or obovate to oval, 1.8-4 mm; filaments yellow to greenish yellow, 3.5-5.5 mm; anthers
6 KB (520 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
1× palmately lobed. Inflorescences terminal, 1 (-3) -flowered; bracts absent. Flowers: sepals 2, distinct; petals 6-12, unequal; stamens many; pistil 2-carpellate;
4 KB (222 words) - 08:40, 30 July 2020
in fruit, 3-5, whitish green, plane, orbiculate, 2-4.5 mm; petals 4-10, distinct, cream colored, plane, spatulate to obovate, clawed, 2-4.5 mm; nectary
7 KB (339 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
glabrous, rather fleshy. Scape terete. Inflorescences terminally racemose, many-flowered, dense, bracteate, usually elongating in fruit; distal flowers smaller
7 KB (392 words) - 06:00, 30 July 2020
banded, not lobed, apex pointed. Umbels many, axillary to leaves, to 25-flowered, open to dense, spherical; peduncle often drooping, 1.5–6.5 cm. Flowers:
7 KB (456 words) - 06:14, 30 July 2020
distinctly lobed or entire and ovate-cordate. Staminate inflorescences axillary, in fascicle of (1–) 3–5 spikes, each spike shorter than 5 cm, or primary
9 KB (687 words) - 05:18, 30 July 2020
gone, seed or offspring, allusion uncertain Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 56. Mentioned on page 4, 7, 8, 51, 57, 63, 117. Plants perennial
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
before or at leaf emergence, 4–40 mm diam.; hypanthium 1.5–8 mm, exterior glabrous or hairy; sepals 5, erect to reflexed, usually triangular, semicircular
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276, 280, 291. Annuals, 5–40 cm (self-incompatible; herbage strongly scented). Stems erect (branched, branchlets relatively many, commonly spreading, threadlike
7 KB (594 words) - 23:39, 29 July 2020
Pseudobulbs aggregate, dark green, ovoid-pyriform, 1–7 × 1–2.5 cm. Leaves 1–3, linearlanceolate, 8–40 × 0.5–2 cm, leathery. Inflorescences racemes to panicles,
6 KB (562 words) - 05:29, 30 July 2020
included; style 5-branched from or beyond orifice or staminal column; stigmas capitate. Fruits capsules, erect, not inflated, carpels 5, subglobose or ovoid
6 KB (398 words) - 11:38, 30 July 2020
aspera, Achyranthes japonica Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 204. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 96. 1754. Kenneth R. Robertson Common names: Chaff-flower Etymology: Greek
7 KB (372 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
entire or indistinctly 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, angled, papery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous, globose to ovoid. x = 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11. Introduced; Europe
7 KB (415 words) - 06:01, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences terminal and axillary, fasciculate, 0.5–2.5 cm; clusters few-to-many flowered, 5–10 mm wide, each with 2–4 (–5) spikelets; axillary clusters sometimes
8 KB (518 words) - 01:45, 30 July 2020
0 (–5) -lobed, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes rounded; lobes ascending-spreading, narrowly lanceolate, apex acute. Inflorescences 3–15 (–22) × 1.5–5.5
13 KB (824 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
to yellow, 5.5–8.5 mm; abaxial lip white, green-and-white, pink, or purple, ± prominent, appressed (proximally scarcely or not pouched), 3–5 mm, 67% as
10 KB (716 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
shallowly 3-lobed, 15-40 mm wide, lobes rounded or somewhat acute, surfaces glabrous or glandular. Inflorescences terminal, panicles, many flowered. Flowers:
6 KB (517 words) - 08:31, 30 July 2020
fruit; sepals 5, calyx symmetric, tubular, lobes triangular to deltate, rarely reduced or barely evident, midvein angled or wing-angled; petals 5, corolla marcescent
28 KB (1,133 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
even populations (as is true also for many native North American taxa occurring as aliens in Europe), which in many cases obscures those taxonomic distinctions
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or ovate, (1.5–) 5–11.7 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, sometimes ± wavy, flat or involute, 0–3 (–5) -lobed, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes
9 KB (707 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
Inflorescences with leaflike spathes. Capsules 6-ribbed or lobed. Seeds large, corky. se, sc United States Species 5 (5 in the flora). Series Hexagonae has had a long
5 KB (870 words) - 06:08, 30 July 2020
or cordate to obovate or broadly oblong, lobed or 3-parted, 0.5-4.1 × 0.8-3.7 cm, segments again 1 (-2) ×-lobed, base obtuse to cordate, apices of segments
6 KB (541 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
small basal scale; anthers sagittate or cordate; ovary on short stalk, 2–5-lobed, 2–5-locular, glabrous or hairy; ovules 8–10 per locule; style persisting
10 KB (553 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
those of fertile florets ± 20 mm. Cypselae tan, 3–3.5 mm; pappi many, white, unequal bristles 3–5 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). Habitat:
6 KB (558 words) - 20:03, 29 July 2020
irregularly 2-3-lobed or margins dentate in distal 1/2, 15-30 mm, surfaces glabrous to glandular. Inflorescences panicles with long branches, many flowered.
5 KB (437 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
(campylotropous), bitegmic, tenuinucellate; styles 1 or 5 [–6], simple [branched]; stigmas 1–5 [–7], usually lobed. Fruits capsular, woody, dehiscence loculicidal
10 KB (598 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
2-3× pinnately lobed. Inflorescences axillary and terminal, 1-flowered; bracts present. Flowers: sepals 2, distinct; petals 4; stamens many; pistil 2-4 (-6)
5 KB (221 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
P. P. de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 517. 1836. Donald J. Pinkava Etymology: For Jean Louis Berlandier, 1805–1851
12 KB (738 words) - 23:03, 29 July 2020
12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style ± distinct; stigma 2-lobed. Capsules erect, 2-valved, dehiscing from base. Seeds few-to-many, arillate
4 KB (217 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
distinct; stigma shallowly 3-4 (-5) -lobed. Capsules nodding, [2-] (3-) 4-valved, dehiscing from apex. Seeds few-to-many, arillate. x = 10. North America
5 KB (231 words) - 08:28, 30 July 2020