achenes; styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate in Gillenieae). x = 8, 9, 15, 17. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe
5 KB (367 words) - 14:16, 30 July 2020
persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate but not plumose in Geum). x = 7 (8). North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South
4 KB (346 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
one of these clades, most taxa have a chromosome base number of x = 9, but some have x = 10, and the taxa are pan-tropical in origin. The taxa in the other
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003)
3 KB (506 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
from the base chromosome number of x = 11 found in Circaeeae, Gongylocarpeae, and Lopezieae, to x = 18 in Epilobieae, and x = 7 in Onagreae; however, these
5 KB (617 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
lineages, one of which contains species with a base number of x = 9 and the other, species with x = 10. Photosynthesis in the Paniceae may follow the C3 pathway
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
species 2 (2 in the flora). The base chromosome number for Gillenieae is x = 9. Gillenia is host to Gymnosporangium and Phragmidium rusts. None. Amelanchier
4 KB (294 words) - 14:28, 30 July 2020
internode elongate; embryonic leaf margins usually meeting, rarely overlapping, x = (7, 8,) 9, 10 (12). The subfamily Chloridoideae is most abundant in dry,
17 KB (1,499 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
three sections: sect. Conyzopsis (x = 7), sect. Symphyotrichum (including sect. Turbinelli) (x = 8), and sect. Occidentales (x = 8). Relationships among sections
7 KB (663 words) - 21:03, 29 July 2020
"hypanthium texture","stipule presence","torus presence","x chromosome atypical quantity","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Rosaceae"
9 KB (450 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
vary from 2 x to 6 x. Two species, Asplenium trichomanes and A. heterochroum, occur in different levels of polyploidy—2 x and 4 x, and 4 x and 6 x, respectively
8 KB (637 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
absent; mesocotyl internode usually absent; embryonic leaf margins overlapping, x = 7, 10. The subfamily Pooideae includes approximately 3300 species, making
17 KB (872 words) - 03:12, 30 July 2020
dorsiventrally compressed; embryo peripheral and curved, or central and straight. x = 7, 10, 12, [13?,] 14, 15, 17, [18]. North-temperate regions, Europe (esp
11 KB (721 words) - 10:22, 30 July 2020
four hybrid genera: xAgropogon (Agrostis x Polypogon, p. 668), xArctodupontia (Arctopbila x Dupontia, p. 604), xDupoa (Dupontia x Poa, p. 601), and ×Pucciphippsia
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
air in seed-coat cells), rectangular to pyramidal, often ± rough surfaced. x = 8. n temperate and arctic subtropical and, in Eastern Hemisphere, tropical
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
embryo usually peripheral and curved, rarely central and straight (Holosteum). x = 6–15, 17–19, 23. North-temperate regions, South America (Andean region),
11 KB (765 words) - 10:56, 30 July 2020
indehiscent or partially dehiscent apically. Seeds 1 per mericarp, glabrous. x = 7, 8. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
and a root covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
arrangement","hypanthium texture","stipule presence","torus size","x chromosome atypical quantity","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Rosaceae"
4 KB (289 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
prisms, dorsiventrally flattened or not, 0.5–4.5 mm, winged or not winged. x = 9. w, c, se North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America
16 KB (1,025 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
basally. Fruits capsules, leathery exocarp sloughing off prior to dehiscence. x = 12. North America, Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica), Central America
10 KB (807 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
lenticular or 3-gonous, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds: embryo curved or straight. x = 10. North America (including n Mexico) Species ca. 250 (224 in the flora)
22 KB (1,627 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
arrangement, typically displayed by a bulbous habit (X. caroliniana, X. platylepis, X. scabrifolia, X. tennesseensis, XS. torta). In these species, the leaf
9 KB (610 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
sometimes veined; beak present or absent, terminal, straight or curved, 0-4.5 mm. x = 7, 8. Worldwide except lowland tropics Species about 300 (76 in the flora)
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
and even though their base chromosome numbers are different [x = 24 in Hesperocallis and x = 30 in Hosta and Agavaceae (T. W. Whitaker 1934; D. Satô 1935;
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
that there is no clear relationship to the presumed x = 9 of the Centrospermae. For most genera, x (base number) is unknown. Pollen grains in the Nyctaginaceae
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
longitudinally grooved; hila linear; embryos about 1/6 the length of the caryopses. x = 7. There are three genera in the Bromeae. One genus, Bromus, grows in the
9 KB (822 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae in the Flora region can
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
cross-section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. x = 12. North America, Europe, Asia Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted
8 KB (435 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
capsular. Seeds smooth or sculptured, with or without strophioles or elaiosomes. x = 4–9, 11, 13, 15, 23. Primarily Southern Hemisphere, poorly represented in
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
Eurybia (x = 9) on morphologic and cytologic grounds (Semple 1982). Section Conyzopsis also has x = 7; its karyotype is similar to that of x = 8 subg.
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
highly condensed, heteropycnotic chromosomes with a base chromosome number of x = 18, sepals held erect or spreading (not reflexed) throughout anthesis, and
6 KB (821 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
species are x = 4, 5, and 7 for the annuals, and x = 8, 15, and 19 for the perennials (S. Carlquist 1956; J. S. Mooring 1997, 2001, 2002). Possibly, x = 15 and
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
usually digested by developing embryo and food storage taken over by perisperm. x = 9. Polyploidy common. Worldwide, especially in desert and semidesert regions
21 KB (878 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
texture","stipule presence","torus presence","torus size","x chromosome atypical quantity","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Rosaceae"
4 KB (279 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
absent; pith interrupted by nodal diaphragms; tendrils branched or absent. x = 19. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Eurasia
2 KB (298 words) - 18:35, 29 July 2020
upper paleas with compound or compound and simple papillae towards the apices, x = 9. There are approximately 50 species of Panicum subg. Panicum in the Western
7 KB (909 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
spreading or reflexed. Pappi shorter than to equaling disc-florets at flowering. x = 8. North America, Mexico, widely worldwide through ornamental horticulture
4 KB (810 words) - 21:04, 29 July 2020
reflexed, never hooked; nut 1 per cup, round in cross-section, not winged. x = 12. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America (Colombia
13 KB (1,271 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
complete false septum and dehiscing into 10 segments. Seeds 10, lenticular. x = 13, [15, 18]. Nearly worldwide, temperate and subtropical regions Species
10 KB (551 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
persistent or falling, of 1–35 bristles plus callous crowns or hyaline scales. x = 17, 19. United States, Mexico, South America Species 66 (35 in the flora)
8 KB (548 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
embryo peripheral, curved or rarely annular to spirally curved (Spergula). x = [7], 8, 9, (11), 12. w North America (including Mexico), w South America
9 KB (538 words) - 10:03, 30 July 2020
or absent; mesocotyl internode elongated; embryonic leaf margins meeting, x = 11, 12. The subfamily Aristidoideae includes only one tribe, the Aristideae
11 KB (771 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
slightly laterally compressed; embryo peripheral or central, curved or straight. x = 7, 8, 9. s North America, South America (Andean region), Europe (Mediterranean
9 KB (597 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
200–1360 µm diam.; microspores tetrahedral, variously sculptured, 20–75 µm diam. x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Worldwide, mainly tropical and subtropical regions The
9 KB (681 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
sides not prominently veined; beak terminal, straight or curved, 12-110 mm. X = 8. Worldwide, mostly temperate, a few subarctic, subalpine, or tropical Species
9 KB (493 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
irregularly bristly, the teeth or setae 0.1–2+ mm), epaleate. Ray-florets 0 (in X. grindelioides and 2 Mexican taxa) or 12–60+, pistillate, fertile; corollas
13 KB (844 words) - 22:21, 29 July 2020
beaked, pericarp thin; hila linear; embryos about 1/3 as long as the caryopses. x = 7. The Triticeae are primarily north-temperate in distribution. The tribe
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
species 200+ (44 in the flora). The base chromosome number for Amygdaleae is x = 8. None. Prunus window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subfamily","name":"Rosaceae
4 KB (274 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
"hypanthium texture","stipule presence","torus presence","x chromosome atypical quantity","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Rosaceae"
6 KB (393 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
sometimes carinate; testa foveolate or reticulate to scalariform [papillose]. x = 12, 9–7, 6 (dihaploid). Nearly worldwide Species ca. 490 (54 in the flora)
13 KB (922 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
Pedicularis verticillata) that exhibit a different base chromosome number (x = 6 versus x = 8). That concept has not been accepted by others, because there is
19 KB (1,040 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
cylindric, deltoid, pyramidal, or bottle-shaped; caruncle present or absent. x = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America
18 KB (1,360 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
not; hila usually linear; embryos less than 1/3 as long as the caryopses. x = (8) 9, 10. There are approximately 130 species and 8 or 9 genera in the Meliceae
12 KB (1,001 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
architecture","style presence","whole_organism duration","whole_organism growth form","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Ranunculaceae","properties":["illustrator"
1 KB (281 words) - 08:42, 30 July 2020
dorsifixed, versatile. Drupes globose, subglobose, or ellipsoid, slightly fleshy. x = 11. North America, Mexico, Central America, n, w South America, Eurasia,
8 KB (536 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
internode absent or very short; embryonic leaf margins usually overlapping. x =12 (10,15,17). The Ehrhartoideae encompasses three tribes, one of which, the
10 KB (670 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5–in S. sphacelata) 1.5–5 (–7.3) mm]. x = 9. North America, Mexico, South America, Eurasia Species ca. 100 (77 in the
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
10–100+, brown, ovoid or oblong, somewhat 4-angled, reticulate or vesiculate. x = [8,] 9, [10,] 11, [12]. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America
25 KB (2,084 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
seed-coat (caruncle) often present, white, barely visible to ± equaling seed body. x = 6. Temperate and arctic regions worldwide, tropical mountains The leaves
7 KB (466 words) - 00:53, 30 July 2020
spikelets, sometimes differing in sexuality and shape, sometimes missing. x = usually 9 or 10, or possibly 5 with 9 and 10 reflecting ancient polyploidy
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
Seeds 1; testa thin, free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant. x = 5–ca. 100. Worldwide Genera ca. 100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
loculicidal. Seeds 4–25, pale-brown to dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent. x = 6, 7. w United States, nw Mexico Species 13 (13 in the flora). Cordylanthus
10 KB (460 words) - 18:57, 29 July 2020
brown, or black, unwinged, (2–) 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo curved. x = 10. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 65 (33 in the flora). Two sections of Polygonum
11 KB (904 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
Amerallium, encompassing all of the x = 7 North American members of the genus. P. Hanelt (1992) placed the Old World x = 7 species also in that subgenus
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
spreading. Seeds narrowly ovoid, longitudinally ribbed, finely cross-ribbed. x = 17. sw United States, nw Mexico Species ca. 45 (26 species in the flora)
13 KB (1,202 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
sometimes clavate, often rough-thickened basally to nearly whole length. x = 7. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South America
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
"fruits achene arrangement","stipule presence","torus size","x chromosome atypical quantity","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"family","name":"Rosaceae"
6 KB (367 words) - 14:13, 30 July 2020
less than 1 mm wide. Petal color is assumed to be yellow, although X. caroliniana and X. platylepis have white-petaled forms. Leaf widths or thicknesses
16 KB (658 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
Pyrenes 1–5, dorsally grooved, sides plane or eroded, excavated, or pitted. x = 17. North America, Mexico, Europe, Asia, n Africa, in temperate South America
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
small or elongate, with or without a scutellar tail; hila usually linear, x = 12, 15, 17. The Oryzeae include about 10-12 genera and 70-100 species. Its
9 KB (719 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
hirtellous to villous); pappi 0 or of 12–22 orbiculate to spatulate scales. x = 17. North America, Mexico Species 11 (10 in the flora). My treatment of Hymenopappus
9 KB (558 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
brownish, rigid, unequal, smooth, apically attenuate bristles in 1 series. x = 6. w North America Species 14 (14 in the flora). Pyrrocoma has often been
15 KB (811 words) - 22:27, 29 July 2020
fusiform, sometimes ± compressed, (5–) 6–10-nerved, usually densely strigillose. x = 5, 4. North America, Mexico Species 24 (19, including 1 hybrid, in the flora)
8 KB (946 words) - 21:01, 29 July 2020
(in P. hybridum) stigmatic disc. Seeds many, minutely pitted, aril absent. x = 7. Temperate and arctic North America, Eurasia, n, s Africa, Australia Species
11 KB (522 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
often compressed laterally, with or without easily separating membranous coat. x = 9 or unknown. North America, Mexico, West Indies (Cuba), Central America
11 KB (511 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. x = 27–48. Worldwide Species 70–90 (31 in the flora). Carex sect. Phacocystis
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
lanceolate, erose-truncate or laciniate plus 0–2 (–5) longer, subulate to aristate. x = 12. North America, in Europe Species 23 (23 in the flora). The species of
11 KB (696 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
subglobose to elongate, 3-locular, large, leathery. Seeds large, green, fleshy. x = 20, 23. se and sc United States, West Indies, Central America, and South
14 KB (860 words) - 05:56, 30 July 2020
fleshy or leathery; sepals persistent or deciduous, erect to spreading-erect. x = 7. North America, Mexico, Europe, Asia, n Africa, widely worldwide Species
23 KB (1,822 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
measurement","whole_organism growth form","whole_organism some measurement","x chromosome quantity"]},{"rank":"tribe","name":"Rosaceae tribe Roseae","properties":["achene
5 KB (546 words) - 13:49, 30 July 2020
ampliate, lobes erect. Pappi shorter than to equaling disc-florets at flowering. x = 8. w North America Species 12 (12 in the flora). Allen, G. A. 1984. Morphological
3 KB (603 words) - 21:09, 29 July 2020
512, 513, 530. Plants 20–80 cm. Leaves: basal 0–10, blade lanceolate, 20–120 x 10–60 mm, 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping
8 KB (574 words) - 19:28, 29 July 2020
hispidula and T. dentata), and some veins meeting margin at or below the sinuses. x = 36. Species 7–12 were monographed by A. R. Smith (1971), who treated them
2 KB (298 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
lower paleas absent, small, or large, not thickened; upper florets variable, x = 9 or 10. Panicum subg. Agrostoidea is found primarily in warm temperate to
6 KB (905 words) - 04:08, 30 July 2020
Xerospiraea J. Henrickson (one species). The base chromosome number for Spiraeeae is x = 9. None. Aruncus, Holodiscus, Kelseya, Luetkea, Petrophytum, Spiraea window
7 KB (338 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
dorsal vein. Seeds 1 or 2 (or 3) per mericarp, glabrous or slightly pubescent. x = 5. w, c North America, Mexico, South America (Argentina), South America (Bolivia)
14 KB (589 words) - 11:36, 30 July 2020
pericarp thin; hila linear; embryos less than 1/3 the length of the caryopses. x = 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. The tribe Stipeae includes about 15 genera and approximately
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
5-lobed. Fruits nutlets, obovoid or subglobose, smooth, ridged, or tuberculate. x = 5. w North America Species 7 (7 in the flora). Limnanthes was divided into
10 KB (1,122 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
present, stalks and rachis only slightly flattened, not fleshy, 0.5–2 mm wide. x =45. Worldwide Trophophore blades of most species in Botrychium subg. Botrychium
5 KB (560 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
flowers; style conic, short. Berries purple or black. Seeds 1–4 per fruit. x = 10. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n South America
14 KB (773 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
2-valved. Seeds few-many, reniform to subglobose, elaiosome usually present. x = 8. Temperate North America, Eurasia, and Africa Species ca. 100 (10 in the
10 KB (525 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
attached to inner surface of sporophylls, elongate, dehiscing longitudinally. x =108. Nearly worldwide Equisetum occurs in moist places such as riverbanks
11 KB (523 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, erect; styles tardily deciduous, jointed. x = 7. w United States, nw Mexico Species 30 (30 in the flora). The often aromatic
19 KB (1,253 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
baccate, ovoid to globose, fleshy. Seeds 2–40, ellipsoid; testa reticulate. x = 12. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n South America
13 KB (607 words) - 12:52, 30 July 2020
ephemeral, sometimes absent; sporangial capsules glabrous or occasionally hairy. x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. Nearly worldwide In the broadest sense, Thelypteris
14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
orbicular to elliptical, planoconvex or flattened, white, yellow, or brown, x = 10, 12. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
are exceedingly variable, and polyploidy is common: multiples of both x = 7 and x = 8 occur, suggesting that chromosomal changes have played a significant
12 KB (679 words) - 06:03, 30 July 2020
articulate. Blades 1–4-pinnate, of diverse size and shape. Indusia present. x = 36. Worldwide Species ca. 700 (28 species, 3 nothospecies in the flora).
11 KB (330 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
(sometimes pappi 0 and shoulders of cypsela wings ± bristly, pappuslike). x = 14. Mostly temperate North America, also tropical New World and Old World
12 KB (827 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020