usually with an odd number of veins, sometimes awned. Florets bisexual, staminate, or pistillate, usually composed of a lemma (lower bract) and palea (upper
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
In one of these clades, most taxa have a chromosome base number of x = 9, but some have x = 10, and the taxa are pan-tropical in origin. The taxa in the
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Onagroideae tribeOnagraceae tribe Onagreae Show Lower Taxa Camissonia, Camissoniopsis, Chylismia, Chylismiella, Clarkia, Eremothera
5 KB (617 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMalvaceae Show Lower Taxa Malvaceae subfam. Bombacoideae, Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae, Malvaceae subfam. Grewioideae
10 KB (850 words) - 11:21, 30 July 2020
Variation in the number of genera in subfam. Rosoideae is due to differences in generic delimitation between D. Potter et al. (2007) and the authors of some Potentilleae
4 KB (346 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Show Lower Taxa Onagraceae tribe Circaeeae, Onagraceae tribe Epilobieae, Onagraceae tribe
3 KB (506 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
epistaminal nectary of glandular hairs. Both genera have a base chromosome number of × = 8. R. M. Straw (1966) hypothesized the genera to be sister taxa. Relationships
20 KB (1,850 words) - 19:05, 29 July 2020
The base chromosome number for Potentilleae is mostly x = 7 (8 in Alchemilla and Aphanes; 14 in Comarum). Variation in the number of genera recognized in
9 KB (450 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Chloridoideae Show Lower Taxa Poaceae tribe Cynodonteae, Poaceae tribe Orcuttieae, Poaceae tribe Pappophoreae
17 KB (1,499 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
2001) show it as comprising two distinct lineages, one of which contains species with a base number of x = 9 and the other, species with x = 10. Photosynthesis
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
circumscription of Silene, the largest genus in the family. The number of genera increases to over 120 if, as done by some Old World authors, segregates of Silene
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPapaveraceae Show Lower Taxa Arctomecon, Argemone, Canbya, Chelidonium, Dendromecon, Eschscholzia, Glaucium, Hesperomecon
12 KB (425 words) - 08:26, 30 July 2020
number of stamens, and pubescence of flowers or floral rachises seem to vary independently of species affinity within many groups. Because of these problems
13 KB (1,271 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMalvaceae subfamilyMalvaceae subfam. Malvoideae Show Lower Taxa Abelmoschus, Abutilon, Alcea, Allowissadula, Althaea, Anoda, Bastardia
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
Festuca "wider than long" is not a number."decumbent" is not a number."longest" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Festuca"
3 KB (884 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
Rorippa, Selenia, Subularia "elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family","name":"Brassicaceae","properties":["author"
6 KB (500 words) - 12:22, 30 July 2020
Province, can be helpful in determining a number of species. In the keys and descriptions that follow, tooth number is per leaf. Fross, D. and D. H. Wilken
10 KB (807 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae Show Lower Taxa Poaceae tribe Brachyelytreae, Poaceae tribe Brachypodieae, Poaceae tribe
17 KB (872 words) - 03:12, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRosaceae Show Lower Taxa Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae, Rosaceae subfam. Dryadoideae, Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae Jussieu
23 KB (1,553 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
Rhodobryum, Rosulabryum "narrower" is not a number."narrow" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[];
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
a base chromosome number of x = 18, sepals held erect or spreading (not reflexed) throughout anthesis, and the presence of a coma of hairs on the seeds
6 KB (821 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
Raphanus, Rapistrum, Sinapis "elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family","name":"Brassicaceae","properties":["author"
6 KB (533 words) - 12:20, 30 July 2020
petals same number as sepals, convolute in bud, distinct, equal; nectary glands present; stamens 3, 6, 8, or 10 (same or twice the number of sepals); filaments
9 KB (382 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
species. Because the size of ovules is relatively small, it is very difficult to determine the number of ovules per ovary. The number of ovules per ovary is
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
chromosome number known in the Stipeae is 2n =18 (Prokudin et al. 1977), suggesting that all members of the tribe are ancient polyploids. The wide range of base
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
flora). A number of species introduced from Europe and Asia are weedy in North America. The widespread distribution of the family in the deserts of Eurasia
21 KB (878 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
reduced or absent. Pistillate rames of Tripsacum (p. 697) and wild taxa of Zea (p. 700) represent an extreme example of this pattern. In these genera, the
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
tissue in wall of ovary or floral-tube, or absent; stamens (1–) 4–42 [+], usually equal to or 2 times number of petals, usually in 2 whorls of unequal length
18 KB (801 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
include about three-quarters of the species found in the family. Three tribes are often differentiated on calyx venation and number of styles, with two, Caryophylleae
11 KB (721 words) - 10:22, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyUrticaceae Show Lower Taxa Boehmeria, Hesperocnide, Laportea, Parietaria, Pilea, Pouzolzia, Soleirolia, Urtica Jussieu David
10 KB (466 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
species of Roegneria in Elymus; and species of Hystrix in Elymus or Leymus. Wide acceptance of a single treatment is hampered by the existence of differing
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
monocot family and rank among the largest families of flowering plants. An accurate account of the number of genera and species has eluded orchid scientists
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
within some taxa. The exact patterns cannot be fully tracked, given the number of taxa with undocumented chromosome numbers and the absence of solid hypotheses
16 KB (1,157 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
listed 23 of the 53 genera treated here as being of uncertain position within the subfamily Chloridoideae. Part of the prob¬lem is that several of the genera
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae Show Lower Taxa Onagraceae subfam. Ludwigioideae, Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Jussieu Warren L. Wagner, Peter
19 KB (805 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
consensus exists regarding the number of genera and the overall relationships of genera within Cyperaceae. The most recent account of the family (P. Goetghebeur
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
Heliantheae subtribeAsteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae Show Lower Taxa Bidens, Coreocarpus, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dicranocarpus, Heterosperma, Thelesperma
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
"lodicule quantity","lower floret architecture","lower glume architecture","lower glume shape","lower glume size","lower palea coloration","lower palea height
7 KB (909 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
2002). Where details of the trichomes are sparse, this is due to an absence of electron microscopy for these taxa (although the number of primary rays and
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
Poaceae tribe Aristideae "decumbent" is not a number."elongated" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family","name":"Poaceae","properties":["abaxial
11 KB (771 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
in the rock or alpine garden (G. Nicholls 2002). Members of Eriogonum are hosts for a number of butterfly species, including such endangered ones as the
22 KB (1,627 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
Number
20 bytes (1 word) - 17:05, 6 November 2020
Chukchi Peninsula of Siberia. The most common chromosome number for Pedicularis is 2n = 16. Two species are reported to have a diploid number of 2n = 12, and
19 KB (1,040 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles sometimes present; ligules hyaline, glabrous, often lacerate, occasionally ciliate, those of the lower and upper
12 KB (1,001 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyIridaceae genusIris subgenusIris subg. Limniris Show Lower Taxa Iris sect. Limniris, Iris sect. Lophiris (Tausch) Spach Ann. Sci. Nat
2 KB (482 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOnagraceae subfamilyOnagraceae subfam. Ludwigioideae Show Lower Taxa Ludwigia W. L. Wagner & Hoch Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. 2007. Warren L
3 KB (434 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
source of rubber; Manihot, cassava or manioc, the starchy tubers of which are a major food source in much of the tropics; Ricinus, the source of castor
24 KB (1,347 words) - 18:25, 29 July 2020
Many taxa and apparent taxa have their origins in hybridization, especially among the polyploid taxa. In North America, most polyploid cacti are taxa of
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
and Burma. More than 400 taxa of Corydalis and 50 of Fumaria, distributed primarily throughout temperate, often montane, regions of Eurasia and Africa, have
10 KB (421 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
Schismus, Tribolium "decumbent" is not a number."elongated" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subfamily","name":"Poaceae subfam
3 KB (589 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMoraceae Show Lower Taxa Brosimum, Broussonetia, Dorstenia, Fatoua, Ficus, Maclura, Morus Link Richard P. Wunderlin Common
9 KB (490 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
identification. The large number of anatomical characters available permits better identification of previously poorly understood taxa. The color tests refer
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
dispositions among the maximum number of segregate families in recent use. Whether ranked as families or otherwise, these sets of genera represent identifiable
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae tribePoaceae tribe Poeae Show Lower Taxa Agrostis, Aira, Alopecurus, Ammophila, Amphibromus, Anthoxanthum, Apera
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyGrimmiaceae Show Lower Taxa Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae, Grimmiaceae subfam. Racomitrioideae, Niphotrichum Arnott Roxanne
13 KB (824 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
to attenuate; lower florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes; lower paleas absent, or shorter than the lower lemmas and hyaline;
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
winged perispore, absence of needlelike hairs, scaly stem and petiole bases, abaxial (nonmarginal) sori, base chromosome number of 40 or 41 (also 38 and 39
15 KB (567 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
familyPoaceae subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae tribePoaceae tribe Bromeae Show Lower Taxa Bromus Dumort. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment
9 KB (822 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
genusIris subgenusIris subg. Limniris sectionIris sect. Limniris Show Lower Taxa Iris (sect. Limniris) ser. Californicae, Iris (sect. Limniris) ser. Hexagonae
2 KB (547 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAgavaceae Show Lower Taxa Agave, Dasylirion, Furcraea, Hesperaloe, Hesperoyucca, Manfreda, Nolina, Sansevieria, Yucca Dumortier
13 KB (701 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
largest subgenus of Poa. Its distribution is essentially the same as that of the genus. It includes all but one of the 70 species of Poa in the Flora region;
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
studies of Salix classification based on molecular data (see discussion under subgenera Protitea and Longifoliae). In both studies, the number of Salix species
35 KB (4,327 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
westonii "widened" is not a number."usually longer and broader" is not a number."thicker" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family","name":"Liliaceae"
21 KB (685 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
undulatum, Trillium vaseyi "thick" is not a number."thicker" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Trillium","properties":["author"
2 KB (474 words) - 06:14, 30 July 2020
subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae tribeRosaceae tribe Spiraeeae Show Lower Taxa Aruncus, Holodiscus, Kelseya, Luetkea, Petrophytum, Spiraea de Candolle
7 KB (338 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
equal number to sepals, distinct, imbricate in bud; nectary glands absent [present]; stamens [4, 5] 8 or 10 [12–96], usually 2 times number of petals
13 KB (667 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
the genus Quercus, with the greatest number of species in Mexico (at least 125 species), and a secondary area of diversity in the southeastern United States
13 KB (591 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAristolochiaceae Show Lower Taxa Aristolochia, Asarum, Hexastylis Jussieu Kerry Barringer, Alan T. Whittemore Common names:
6 KB (176 words) - 08:42, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyFagaceae genusCastanea Show Lower Taxa Castanea dentata, Castanea ozarkensis, Castanea pumila Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed
8 KB (435 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
2-locular with one line of dehiscence). Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae have long been recognized as allied families that share a number of features: generally
12 KB (586 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAsteraceae tribeAsteraceae tribe Eupatorieae Show Lower Taxa Ageratina, Ageratum, Asanthus, Brickellia, Brickelliastrum, Carminatia
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyLoasaceae genusMentzelia Show Lower Taxa Mentzelia sect. Bartonia, Mentzelia sect. Bicuspidaria, Mentzelia sect. Mentzelia
16 KB (1,025 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
the number of species treated proves similar to what might be extrapolated from work by Palmer except for some southeastern series and western taxa unknown
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Dryadoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Dryadeae Show Lower Taxa Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia, Dryas, Purshia Lamarck & de Candolle Syn. Pl
5 KB (317 words) - 14:15, 30 July 2020
Transberingia, Turritis "elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family","name":"Brassicaceae","properties":["author"
6 KB (524 words) - 12:22, 30 July 2020
attenuate. Lower florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes; lower paleas sometimes present, thin, shorter than the lower lemmas;
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAspleniaceae Show Lower Taxa Asplenium Newman Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names: Spleenwort
8 KB (637 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
texture","leaf position","lodicule quantity","lower glume shape","lower glume size","lower palea coloration","lower palea height or length or size","margin shape
6 KB (905 words) - 04:08, 30 July 2020
investigation of problematic taxa. The treatment recognizes taxa at both the subspecies and varietal rank; this simply reflects the decisions of the original
16 KB (1,697 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
conditions (Klaber; L. E. McKinney 1992). The number of recognized taxa and the ranks attributed to taxa vary among authors (E. Brainerd 1921; N. H. Russell
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
subfamilyRosaceae subfam. Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Colurieae Show Lower Taxa Fallugia, Geum, Sieversia, Waldsteinia Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al
6 KB (393 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAsteraceae tribeAsteraceae tribe Cardueae Show Lower Taxa Acroptilon, Amberboa, Arctium, Carduus, Carlina, Carthamus, Centaurea
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
application of that name to leafy spurge in North America. Historically, distinctive clades within Euphorbia were segregated into a number of satellite genera
18 KB (1,360 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
pubescence or shape","lodicule height or length or size","lower floret architecture","lower floret size","lower glume quantity","margin arrangement","margin coloration"
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
"leaf position","lodicule quantity","lower floret architecture","lower glume size","lower palea coloration","lower palea height or length or size","margin
4 KB (1,009 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPotamogetonaceae Show Lower Taxa Potamogeton, Stuckenia Dumortier Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Pondweed
10 KB (800 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
being taxonomically difficult. The number of subgenera varies from four to five in modern treatments, and the number of taxa recognized at the species or subspecific
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
hundreds of these hybrids. From the extent of chromosome pairing in diploid hybrids, he has learned much about the degree of relationship of the parents
18 KB (1,028 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
Heliantheae subtribeAsteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae Show Lower Taxa Acmella, Agnorhiza, Balsamorhiza, Berlandiera, Borrichia, Calyptocarpus
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAsteraceae tribeAsteraceae tribe Cichorieae Show Lower Taxa Agoseris, Anisocoma, Arnoseris, Atrichoseris, Calycoseris, Chaetadelpha
30 KB (805 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
with this type of rhizome will have one or more large bulbs with a number of much smaller bulbels among the roots. The underground parts of Allium are often
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
Florida. There is considerable chromosome diversity among these taxa, but the base number of many is x = 23. Hymenocallis latifolia is the only spider-lily
14 KB (860 words) - 05:56, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyVitaceae Show Lower Taxa Ampelopsis, Causonis, Cissus, Nekemias, Parthenocissus, Vitis Jussieu Michael O. Moore†, Jun Wen
10 KB (550 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
shape and indument, and a number of features of the inflorescence, especially its indument, number of branches, size and shape of fruits, and whether stones
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyNajadaceae genusNajas Show Lower Taxa Najas filifolia, Najas flexilis, Najas gracillima, Najas graminea, Najas guadalupensis
10 KB (561 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyTamaricaceae Show Lower Taxa Tamarix Link John F. Gaskin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned
6 KB (387 words) - 11:41, 30 July 2020
"shortened" is not a number."shortened" is not a number."not elongating" is not a number."less" is not a number.window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family"
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
degree of confidence. I take the position of recognizing infraspecific taxa only if it leads to a practical taxonomy and if the infraspecific taxa have some
22 KB (1,325 words) - 12:26, 30 July 2020
applied in descriptions of taxa in the family, and for these reasons the general term “fruit,” as used in the descriptions of taxa that follow, refers to
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
stamens usually 2 (–4) times [equaling] number of corolla lobes, adnate to corolla at base only or to 1/2 length of corolla, uniseriate in appearance; anthers
9 KB (480 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020