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(Chen et al. 2006). The two grass volumes in this series treat 10 subfamilies, 25 tribes, 236 genera, and 1373 species. Of these, all the subfamilies, 22 tribes
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series; ray pappi usually present (usually none in Arida) > 25 25 Cypselae 2(–3)-nerved Townsendia 25 Cypselae smooth (at most obscurely nerved) or 4–13-ribbed
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not twisted with age > 25 25 Cauline leaf blade margins 1-3-pinnatisect, pectinate, pinnatifid, or palmately 3-7-lobed > 26 25 Cauline leaf blade margins
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22 24 Spikelets with 2-25 bisexual florets, the sterile or staminate florets, if present, distal to the bisexual florets. > 25 25 Sheaths closed for at
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Peripheral florets (disciform heads) 50–200 in 1–4 series, pistillate. Disc-florets 25–450, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (nerves orange-resinous), tubes shorter
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wide distally. > 25 25 Plants densely cespitose, short-rhizomatous; pistillate scales acute to acuminate. Carex sect. Heleoglochin 25 Plants loosely cespitose
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Stenotaphrum, Urochloa R. Br. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 353. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800
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Paniceae Link Grass Phylogeny Working Group Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 351. Plants annual or perennial; synoecious, monoecious
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extension shoots. 64f.Crataegus ser. Triflorae 5 Flowers 18–25 mm diam.; stamens (5 or)10 or 20–25; shrubs or trees 1- to few-stemmed, main trunk dominant;
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ex Beilschm. Grass Phylogeny Working Group Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 13. Plants annual or perennial; usually synoecious, sometimes
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tissue different from that of body of cypsela) > 25 24 Cypselae sometimes sharp-edged (not winged) > 27 25 Heads in glomerules or borne singly (sessile or
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placentation usually parietal, sometimes axile on intruded, fused placentae; ovules 1–25 per ovary; style 1 per carpel, distinct or connate; stigmas 2–4, truncate
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(Bellis, Asteraceae) inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 25: 157–171. Hall, H. M. 1928. The genus Haplopappus: A phylogenetic study in
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Willkommia, Zoysia Dumort. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 14. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 1-500 cm, not woody
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caducous. Pedicels present. Flowers: perianth and androecium epigynous, 8–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6
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spacer (ITS) sequences and chloroplast DNA restriction site data. Syst. Bot. 25: 539–565. Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae
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strigillose; pappi persistent, outer setiform scales (0.25–0.5 mm; rarely present) plus 2 series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate
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yellow > 25 25 Inflorescences of 1 involucre atop peduncle; inflorescence bracts absent; Beaverhead Mountains, Lemhi County, Idaho Eriogonum soliceps 25 Inflorescences
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(Hitchc. & Chase) Gould Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 406. Plants perennial; cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous
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24 Petals absent or rudimentary > 25 24 Petals present > 31 25 Capsules cylindric, opening by 8 or 10 teeth > 26 25 Capsules ovoid to globose, opening
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acorn on axillary peduncle 25-100 mm. Quercus robur 5 Leaf base cuneate or attenuate; acorn subsessile or on axillary peduncle 15-25(-50) mm. > 6 6 Leaf blade
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petals 2, plane, ± ovate, ± 2-lobed, clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils;
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distinct or connate in groups; pistil 1, 1–25-carpellate; ovary superior, inferior, or half-inferior, 1–25-loculed; placentation usually parietal, infrequently
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[winged or carunculate]; endosperm absent; embryo straight [curved]; cotyledons 25–40% of total embryo length. Nearly worldwide except very cold or very dry
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27 Leaves 25–90 mm; heads in cymiform arrays, peduncles 1–15 mm (bracts 0–7, scalelike); florets 10–25 Ericameria arborescens 27 Leaves 10–25 mm; heads
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fibers; leaf blades soft, herbaceous. Schoenoplectus 25 Anthers 3 mm; achenes 2.5–3.5 mm. Schoenoplectus 25 Anthers 1–2.5 mm; achenes 1.5–2.5 mm. > 26 26 Culms
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Lower Taxa Aristida C.E. Hubb. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 314. See subfamily description. The tribe Aristideae has
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puberula 22 Central bract lobes rounded to obtuse, sometimes truncate. > 25 25 Bracts usually distally bright red to red-orange. > 26 26 Leaf margins plane;
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tack-glands); pappus bristles distinct or inner basally connate, white to tawny > 25 25 Heads usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays, sometimes
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Tripsacum, Zea Dumort. Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 602. Plants usually perennial. Culms 7-600 cm, annual,
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unbranched or mostly 2–7-branched, sometimes absent; stamens 3; petals 2–25 or 25–90 mm > 25 25 Tendrils usually unbranched, rarely unbranched and 2-branched, sometimes
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crowns of scales) Nipponanthemum 24 Annuals, biennials, perennials > 25 25 Annuals > 26 25 Biennials or perennials > 28 26 Leaves usually irregularly 1-pinnately
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present; blade ± cordate or reniform to narrowly elliptic in outline, 0.5–25 (–30) cm, foliaceous, rarely ± coriaceous; leaflets 3–15 (–41), terminal sometimes
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epaleate, covered with tawny to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets 25–200+; corollas white to pink, red, yellow or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long
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per node), rarely opposite Eutrochium 25 Annuals or perennials; involucres 2–5+ mm diam.; florets 10–30 > 26 25 Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; involucres
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phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, (1–) 4–12 (–25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly (4–) 8–21 (–30+) in ± 2 series, usually
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crenate, or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike
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Involucres mostly campanulate to hemispheric or turbinate-cylindric, (2.5–) 3–22 (–25) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or tardily falling, 18–40 in (2–) 3–7 series
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Greenland drabas of the sections Aizopsis and Chrysodraba DC. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 25: 465–494. Ekman, E. 1932. Contribution to the Draba flora of Greenland. IV
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11 Trees, 30–100 dm; drupes 25–80 mm > 12 11 Shrubs, 5–30 dm (–40 dm in P. fremontii, –60 dm in P. subcordata); drupes 7–25 mm > 14 12 Leaf blades broadly
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serrate, serrulate, or denticulate (rarely entire in C. cyaneus). > 25 25 Leaf blades (20–)25–100(–130) × 10–64 mm, margins serrate to serrulate, teeth (35–)40–150+;
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(sparsely stipitate-glandular in S. novae-angliae); pappi persistent, of (20–) 25–40 (–55) white to brownish, ± equal, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles
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Boechera belong to distantly related clades of Brassicaceae that diverged some 19–25 million years ago. A new tribal classification of the family (I. A. Al-Shehbaz
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ternipes, Aristida tuberculosa L. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 315. Plants usually perennial; herbaceous, usually cespitose
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ellipsoid, rarely pyriform, urceolate, elongate, or oblong, 6–18 (–24) × 5–15 (–25) mm, glabrous, sometime setose, eglandular or stipitate, rarely setose, glandular;
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(without calyculi) 25–80+ in 4–6+ series and orbiculate to oblong, lance-oblong, lanceolate, or linear, unequal, or (with calyculi) 12–25+ in 2–3 series and
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2-fid, short, or ending in mid leaf to slightly beyond > 25 24 Stem leaf costae single, long > 26 25 Alar cell walls thin or slightly incrassate, regions mostly
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Muhlenbergia ×involuta Schreb. Paul M. Peterson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 145. Plants annual or perennial; usually rhizomatous, often
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virginianum, Linum westii (Reichenbach) Engelmann Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 25. 1852. Nancy R. Morin Basionym: Linopsis Reichenbach Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst
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Seeds black, flattened, obovoid, becoming globose distally. x = 30 (5 large, 25 small). Warmer regions in the Americas from the sw United States and Fla.
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Peterson, Stephan L. Hatch, Alan S. Weakley Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 115. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes
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conduplicate, each partly investing its subtended floret). Ray-florets 0 or 3–25+, neuter; corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish, sometimes
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(Pennell) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 22–24), sect. Erythranthe (species 25–31), sect. Alsinimimulus G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 32), sect. Simigemma
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rarely pubescent distally; nectaries epistaminal. Penstemon 20 Herbs. > 25 25 Fruits pyxides or nutlets; leaves basal only, rarely cauline; corolla lobes
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textile 24 Scape fistulose, 3–25 mm diam., not flattened and winged; leaves 2–10, blade flat and solid, or fistulose. > 25 24 Scape solid, exceeding 5 mm
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symmetrically, sometimes slightly asymmetrically, attached to pedicels. > 25 25 Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent; stems 30–70 mm; basal leaves densely
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peduncles 1–15(–25) mm > 25 25 Peduncles (bracteate) 1–8 mm; involucres 13–15 mm; phyllar-ies 34–40 Brickellia pringlei 25 Peduncles 2–15(–25) mm; involucres
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or attenuate to apiculate, faces glabrous or hairy abaxially. Ray-florets 6–25+; corollas usually yellow-orange proximally, yellow distally, sometimes with
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wrightii L. Charles M. Allen, David W. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 566. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous
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Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 314. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose. Culms
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blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas of the
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Lugentes (spp. 11 6 Phyllaries (adaxially villous) Tephroseris 7 Involucres (20–)25–40 mm diam. (northern beaches and shorelines) Senecio pseudoarnica 7 Involucres
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perigynia reddish brown, (3.8–)4–5.5 mm, conspicuously 5+-veined adaxially. > 25 25 Achenes 1.1–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm; inflorescences compact, often headlike, erect
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> 10 10 Corollas 14–25 mm; pollen sacs navicular to subexplanate, 1.2–1.4 mm, dehiscing completely. Penstemon hallii 10 Corollas 25–35 mm; pollen sacs sigmoid
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Schismus, Tribolium Zotov Mary E. Barkworth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 298. See subfamily description. The Danthonieae, the only
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flat-topped, 1–15 (–25) × 1.8–12 (–20) cm, firm or flaccid; tubercles distinct, not confluent into ribs, pyramidal, conic, or cylindric, 3–25 × 2–9 mm; areoles
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center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3 (–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. Fruits schizocarps, erect, not
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subg. Setaria P. Beauv. James M. Rominger Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 539. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rarely rhizomatous
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Urvilleana Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 456. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose. Culms
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bladeless sheaths; ligules present; blades filiform to flat with filiform tip, to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–)
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between the keel and marginal veins; palea keels puberulent or glabrous. > 25 25 Lemmas usually puberulent on the lateral veins and between the veins; lower
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(in 129. C. lacrimata), adaxially sometimes short-pubescent. Flowers 10–20 (–25) mm diam.; hypanthium usually densely hairy, sometimes glabrous; sepals ±
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with stiff spines Stenocereus 20 Plants mostly branched near midstem; stems 25-75 cm diam.; flowers 8.5-14 cm; ovary spineless or with few bristlelike spines
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20 Cauline leaves alternate, proximals rarely subopposite to opposite. > 25 25 Stamens 2. > 26 26 Leaf blades: margins of proximals 3-lobed, margins of
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villosissima, Setaria viridis James M. Rominger Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 546. Plants annual or perennial. Blades seldom wider than
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sometimes with faint raised strigillose lines from margins of petioles. > 25 25 Leaf blade surfaces strigillose abaxially, subglabrous adaxially, with strigillose
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seed cones 25-50 cm; seed body 1-2 cm, wing 2-3 cm. Pinus lambertiana 7 Stomatal lines evident only on adaxial surface of leaves; seed cones 7-25 cm; seed
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usually black, occasionally gray, flattened, round, rarely obovate or ovate. x = 25, 30. e coastal plain, se, sc, w United States, n, c, w Mexico, n Central America
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urceolate, sometimes campanulate to obconic, 5–25+ mm diam. (excluding phyllary apices). Phyllaries (persistent) 25–100+ in (3–) 4–9+ series, 1-nerved or obscurely
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or indehiscent to irregularly dehiscent, or baccate and indehiscent. Seeds 25-1000+, distinct, fusiform or ovoid, winged or not. North America, Mexico,
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sessile or stalked; blades linear, oblong, or deltate, simple to 5-pinnate, 4–25 × 1–35 cm. Pinnae (reduced to segments in many species) spreading to ascending
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Phanopyrum L. Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable.
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sometimes annual in O. stricta); capsules 6–20(–25) mm. > 24 24 West of the Mississippi River. > 25 25 Stipule margins with wide, free flanges, apical
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Stems to 25 dm. Leaves forming rosettes; blade linear, not rigid or fibrous, bases broadly expanding, margins serrulate or entire. Scape 0.5–25 dm. Inflorescences
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Andropogon virginicus Stapf Christopher S. Campbell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 653. Inflorescences false panicles; inflorescence units
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metallic-silvery > 25 24 Capsules ± narrowly ovoid-conic or pyramidal-ovoid to ovoid or ellipsoid; bark smooth and metallic-silvery or corky to spongy > 26 25 Leaves
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entire to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong in outline, 1–25 cm, foliaceous, leaflets 5–13 (–21), distinct, terminal not confluent with
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basal-cells reaching across leaf or rising higher medially, rectangular, 18–25 µm, 2–5: 1, walls thin, hyaline; distal laminal cells roundedquadrate to hexagonal
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fruits dehiscent in distal 1/2. Polanisia 3 Stamens 6 (except Arivela with 14-25); gynophore usually 0.5-85 mm in fruit (in Arivela viscosa fruits sessile
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membranous; extrastaminal nectary disc often present; stamens [4–] 5 [–ca. 25], usually borne on androgynophore [hypanthium]; ovary superior, [2–] 3 [–5]
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Rose and C. bolensis S. Boyd & J. Keeley, both endemic to Mexico. Species 25 (23 in the flora). In the following key, references to indumentum do not include
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stigma slightly expanded at apex. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 4–25, pale-brown to dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent. x = 6, 7. w United
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(Brassicaceae): Evidence from trnL intron and ndhF sequence data. Syst. Bot. 25: 468–478. Cardamine angulata, Cardamine angustata, Cardamine bellidifolia
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Limnanthes floccosa, Limnanthes montana C. T. Mason Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 473. 1952. Nancy R. Morin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on
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Eragrostis unioloides Wolf Paul M. Peterson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 65. Plants annual or perennial; usually synoecious, sometimes
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8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets. Involucres ± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually distinct, rarely connate
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24, 28, 33), and blackberries (subg. Rubus, species 1, 4–6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 25, 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37). Bailey did not include Dalibarda repens (30. R.
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exposing fruits; stamens usually 5 > 25 24 Perianth lobes 1-3 or absent; fruits largely exposed; stamens 1-3(-5) > 26 25 Plants (at least some parts) with
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> 25 25 Calyces: tubes 1.5–3 mm, lobes 0.1–0.5 mm, deltate; capsules 3–5 mm; styles 6–9(–10) mm; branches widely spreading. Agalinis divaricata 25 Calyces:
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