pinnately (5 or) 7–13 (–17) -foliolate, (2–) 4–10cm, leaflets sessile or petiolulate; petiole 0.5–2.5 (–4.5) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, sometimes
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before opening, broadly ovoid when open, (4–) 6–10cm, gray to pale redbrown, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm; apophyses thickened, diamond-shaped, strongly
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ovoid-cylindric, light-redbrown, 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 6–10cm × 0.7–1mm, straight, slightly
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to 90 (–100) m; trunk to 4.4m diam. Leaves yellowish green. Seed-cones 6–10cm; bracts straight, appressed. 2n =26. Habitat: Coniferous or mixed forests
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slightly asymmetric, ovoid-conic before opening, broadly ovoid when open, 7–10cm, tan or pale redbrown, sessile, abaxial surface of scales darker and sharply
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Leaves mainly 2–3 per fascicle, (7–) 10–17cm × (1.2–) 1.4–2mm. Pollen cones yellow. Seed-cones mostly symmetric, 5–10cm; apophyses of fertile scales moderately
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cylindric, rust-colored, 0.4–0.5cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 3–4 years, 4–10cm × 0.7–1mm, straight, slightly
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cylindro-ovoid, redbrown, to 0.8cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–4 years, 5–10cm × (0.9–) 1–1.5 (–2) mm, straight
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oblong-cylindric, 15–20 × 7–10cm, purple at first but becoming yellowish-brown or greenish brown, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 3 × 4cm, pubescent; bracts included
9 KB (788 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, vines
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 14. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 1-500 cm, not woody, usually not branched above the base. Sheaths usually open, often
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
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1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per side
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
(–4) -fid. Achenes biconvex, planoconvex, or trigonous, rarely 4-angled. x = 10. Worldwide Species ca. 2000 (480 in the flora). Carex is one of the largest
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(sometimes paired or clustered) often plicate in bud, usually 1/2 divided, often 10-ribbed at base (unribbed in S. hermaphrodita) or angulate, lobes acute or
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
shoots not keeled and tubular, of extravaginal shoots scalelike. Culms 1-150 cm, hollow, usually unbranched above the base. Sheaths from almost completely
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funnelform (throats neither inflated nor indurate); pappi of 10–30 barbellate bristles > 10 10 Leaf faces often stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted; phyllaries
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Treatment on page 353. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800 cm, annual, usually not woody. Leaves basal and/or cauline; sheaths usually open;
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than 1 cm. > 8 8 Perianth hairs antrorsely barbed; leaf blades to 25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Eriophorum 8 Perianth hairs smooth; leaf blades less than 1 cm × 1 mm
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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in sexuality and shape, sometimes missing. x = usually 9 or 10, or possibly 5 with 9 and 10 reflecting ancient polyploidy. The tribe Andropogoneae includes
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
floret also present. > 10 10 Glumes membranous, flexible; all spikelets pedicellate, pedicels 0.5-1 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm thick Mibora 10 Glumes coriaceous,
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plants); sepals connate proximally into tube, (4–) 10–28 (–40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or basal and cauline;
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous, sometimes becoming woody
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
absent or round and smooth, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; bracts usually 2–10 sometimes more, scalelike, semileaflike, or leaflike. Peduncles absent (or
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
campanulate to cylindric (often spreading upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
derived from a common ancestor. None. None. "not undefined" is not a number."-10cm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.window
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entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous disc, or hypanthium
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
alluding to violet flower at apex of fruit Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, annual or perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, caulescent, often with
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
mealy, rarely absent, endocarp multiple-seeded); pyrenes 1–10, connate or not. Seeds 1–10, distinct or connate along radial faces of stony endocarp into
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
8 Leaves (5–)7–10(–12.5) cm wide; flowers 4–4.7 cm; w Texas. Agave ×glomeruliflora 8 Leaves 1–5.5 cm wide; flowers shorter than 4.3 cm. > 9 9 Leaf margins
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
542, 543, 545, 548, 580, 582, 584. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–100+ cm (rhizomatous or taprooted, often with relatively thin, branched fibrous-roots)
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
sandy beaches > 22 22 Cauline leaves to 10 cm; filaments not toothed or winged. Cakile 22 Cauline leaves 10-40 cm; filaments toothed and winged. Crambe 23
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
fruiting peduncles 6–9 cm; fruits 6–10 cm. Apodanthera 3 Leaf surfaces eglandular or glandular; fruiting peduncles 0–5 cm; fruits 0.6–2 cm > 4 4 Pistillate flowers
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
number of x = 12; Orthocarpus is x = 14. Presumed aneuploid reductions to x = 10 are known from three annual Castilleja species (two of these from Mexico)
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
prismatic or compressed to flattened, rarely, if ever, beaked, bodies often 10-ribbed or (4–) 5-angled, smooth or papillate to rugose between ribs or angles
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82, 83, 93, 96, 97, 100, 102, 1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–400 cm, spiny. Stems (1–several) erect, branched or simple, sometimes narrowly spiny-winged
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
47 47 Perianth 4.5–6 cm, funnelform. Hesperocallis 47 Perianth 2 cm or shorter, lobes spreading or reflexed. > 48 48 Plants 10–20 cm; tepals blue or blue
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
Epigaea); intrastaminal nectary disc present or absent; stamens (2–) 5–8 (–10) [14, 16, 20]; filaments distinct; anthers inverted during development, often
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
page 51, 136, 148, 149, 157, 170. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 20–300 (–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading at anthesis
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
in the keys are as follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm)
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
6–12-branched; petals 6–21 mm > 10 10 Mericarps with medial constriction, distal cell unwinged; seeds 1 per mericarp; Texas. Batesimalva 10 Mericarps without medial
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
Spathe bracts 2–5, 4–9-veined, beak to 20 cm. Allium oleraceum 8 Spathe bracts 3–5, 2–3-veined, beak to 10 cm. Allium ampeloprasum 9 Outer bulb coats persisting
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
sometimes dioecious; cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 2-160 cm, not woody, erect, decumbent, or geniculate, sometimes rooting at the lower
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
present; compound thorns on trunk abundant or absent; twigs ± thorny, thorns 10–60 (–100) mm, growth determinate (indeterminate in sect. Crataegus); glabrous
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
or loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally rounded-triangular
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
Madrono 32:1-10 Kerguelen, M. and F. Plonka. 1989. Les Festuca de la flore de France (Corse comprise). Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, Numero Special 10:1-368 Kerguelen
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
subshrubs (dioecious, gynoecious, or polygamodioecious), (0.2–) 4–25 (–70) cm (sometimes cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes rhizomatous). Stems
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
often sharply distinct from the blades of the cauline leaves. Culms 5-150 cm, herbaceous, hollow, usually erect or ascending, rarely sprawling, in the
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
or prickle; bracts included. Seeds winged or wingless; cotyledons (3–) 6–10 (–18). x =12. Widespread in north temperate and north tropical (mountainous)
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
(–120) × 1.2–40 cm, nearly smooth to tuberculate, glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually elliptic, circular, or obovate, 3–8 (–10) × 1–7 (–10) mm; wool white
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 10-250 cm, usually erect, rarely prostrate, glabrous. Sheaths open, usually glabrous
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
distally). Cypselae narrowly prismatic, 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy to glabrate, often glanddotted; pappi persistent, of 10–80 usually smooth or barbellulate
17 KB (617 words) - 22:47, 29 July 2020
or ± compressed, rarely beaked, bodies usually smooth, sometimes rugose or 10-nerved or 20-nerved (glabrous or puberulent to villous; often with apical
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent to prostrate, usually
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
mainland. > 10 10 Rosette leaf blades 0.5–4 cm wide; petals mostly bright yellow to red Dudleya cespitosa 10 Rosette leaf blades 1.5–5 cm wide; petals
10 KB (581 words) - 12:54, 30 July 2020
Atriplex spinifera 10 Leaves short petiolate to sessile, cordate basally, blade 0.5-1.5 cm; herbage silvery white; low shrubs Atriplex parryi 10 Leaves petiolate
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
absent or a mucro or awn (tooth) at apex of sheath, very rarely flattened, to 6 cm. Inflorescences terminal; spikelet 1; involucral-bracts absent, rarely a proximal
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
63, 173, 175, 182. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–) 20–500 cm. Leaves usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs, not viviparous, 0.2–10 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or creeping, usually
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
thyrses 2–4 cm; stems 8–12 cm. Penstemon tracyi 15 Proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate; thyrses 0.5–23(–50) cm; stems 3–70(–120) cm. > 16 16
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
blades) > 10 9 Plants usually sparsely to densely pubescent proximally (sometimes throughout) > 13 10 Fruits 3-5(-7) mm wide; seeds 3-6 × 2-4 mm > 11 10 Fruits
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
throughout. Stems usually deciduous and withering at end of season, 0–5 (–10+), erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple, [woody], leafy; from
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
internodes; proximal scale usually empty; floral scales with 1 vein, or rarely to 10 longitudinal parallel veins; basal spikelets rarely present in 8a1d. E. sect
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic; leaves 2–3-pinnatifid; arrays of heads 10–20 cm diam Artemisia annua 5 Annuals or biennials, (10–)30–80(–150) cm, not aromatic;
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
257, 300, 301, 306. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (0.5–) 1–250 cm. Leaves mostly basal, or basal and cauline, or mostly cauline; opposite and/or
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
336, 352, 354, 363, 380. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ± throughout)
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
white or yellowish, large, oily, myrmecochorous elaiosome (aril). x = 5.2n = 10 in all American species recorded. North America, Asia Species 43 (38 in the
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
539. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, rarely rhizomatous. Culms 10-600 cm, erect or decumbent. Ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades
17 KB (1,129 words) - 04:14, 30 July 2020
tube-throats 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin, limbs expanded 10–15 mm; flowers herkogamous. Erythranthe michiganensis 10 Calyx throats closing
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
its hybrids), solid or hollow, terete or slightly flattened. Leaves: basal 3–10, in fan; blade monofacial (except at base), smooth or ridged, sometimes centrally
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
perennial; herbaceous, usually cespitose, occasionally rhizomatous. Culms 10-150 cm, not woody, sometimes branched above the base; internodes usually pith-filled
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
evident, without tubers. Culms terete to angled, sometimes compressed, to 100 cm × 5 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent, rarely disintegrating, membranous
4 KB (429 words) - 02:16, 30 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80 (–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). Leaves basal, basal and cauline
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
1709–1773, botanist and physician of Leipzig Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, usually perennial, rarely annual, or shrubs, [rarely trees], caulescent
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
compressed-3-gonous or nearly pyramidal, glabrous. Seeds: embryo straight. x = 7, 8, 9, 10 (polyploidy widespread in the genus). Almost worldwide, but mostly in temperate
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
E. eastwoodiae) base of filaments opposite sepals, rarely absent; stamens 10, arising from hypanthium; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 3
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
distinct; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals [3–] (4–) 5 (–9) [–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus);
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
3–2.6 cm; pollen cream, yellow, peach, tan, orange, rust, or brown, usually becoming lighter; pistil compound, 3-lobed, 3-locular, oblong, 2.1–10.5 cm; ovary
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
fleshy, leathery, or woody base of calyx, sides longitudinally 5-ribbed or 10-ribbed or not ribbed, glandular or not, smooth, wrinkled, or warty, glabrous
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm, not complanate-foliate, often bearing subfloral innovations below the gametangia
17 KB (677 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose, sometimes
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
fusiform, or obovoid-cylindric, nerves 5–10 (–20), faces hairy, glandular, or glabrous; pappi usually persistent, of 10–50 white or stramineous to tawny, fine
16 KB (834 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
stalked; blades linear, oblong, or deltate, simple to 5-pinnate, 4–25 × 1–35 cm. Pinnae (reduced to segments in many species) spreading to ascending, fan-shaped
19 KB (579 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
rhizome scaly, sometimes with bulbils. Flowering-stems ± erect, leafless, 2–125 cm. Leaves basal, (proximally cauline and crowded in M. tolmiei); stipules absent;
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
petiole 0.1–3 (–4) cm, mostly tomentose to floccose or glabrous; blade oblong-ovate or oblanceolate to elliptic to oval, 0.3–3 (–4) × 0.1–2.5 cm, densely lanate
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
sometimes mixed with aciculi, rarely absent. Leaves deciduous, (2–) 4–11 (–17) cm, leathery to membranous; stipules persistent, adnate to petiole, auricles
24 KB (1,103 words) - 13:51, 30 July 2020