View source for Potentilla sect. Rubricaules

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Potentilla sect. Rubricaules
|accepted_authority=(Rydberg) A. Nelson in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson, New Man. Bot. Rocky Mt.,
|place=255. 1909
|year=1909
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Rubricaules
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=unranked
|publication_title=Monogr. N. Amer. Potentilleae,
|publication_place=30. 1898
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Potentilla ser.
|authority=Hookerianae Soják
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae;Potentilla;Potentilla sect. Rubricaules
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Potentilla]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Potentilla sect. Rubricaules]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 123, 125, 178, 196, 200, 206, 212, 213, 218
|treatment_page=page 205
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism arrangement or pubescence;whole-organism growth form;whole-organism architecture;whole-organism duration"><b>Perennials,</b> tufted to ± matted, not stoloniferous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="taproot size or width">taproots not fleshy-thickened;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="and/or; and/or vestiture quantity;and/or; and/or vestiture coloration;and/or length or size;and/or height or length or size;and/or shape;and/or pubescence;hair length or size;hair height or length or size;hair shape;hair pubescence;gland length or size;gland height or length or size;gland shape;gland pubescence">vestiture of long, short, crisped, and/or cottony hairs, glands sparse to abundant, sometimes red.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem orientation;stem shape;stem architecture;stem atypical some measurement;stem atypical some measurement;stem some measurement;stem length"><b>Stems </b>decumbent to erect, not flagelliform, not rooting at nodes, lateral to persistent basal rosettes, (0.2–) 0.5–3 (–4) dm, lengths (1–) 1.5–4 (–6) times basal leaves.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Leaves:</b> basal not in ranks;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="cauline leaf quantity">cauline 0–3;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="primary leaf architecture;primary leaf architecture;primary leaf some measurement">primary leaves usually palmate to subpalmate, sometimes some (rarely all) ternate, 1–10 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="hair length or size;hair pubescence or texture;hair fragility;hair orientation;gland quantity;gland presence">petiole: long hairs soft to stiff, ± appressed to spreading, glands sparse to abundant, sometimes absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="leaflet atypical quantity;leaflet quantity;leaflet position or shape;leaflet quantity;leaflet arrangement;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;leaflet shape;margin shape or vernation;margin position or shape;margin quantity;margin shape;margin quantity;tooth quantity;surface fragility;abaxial surface coloration;abaxial surface coloration;abaxial surface pubescence;abaxial surface quantity;abaxial surface density;abaxial surface coloration;abaxial surface pubescence;abaxial surface length or size;abaxial surface pubescence or texture;abaxial hair coloration;abaxial hair coloration;abaxial hair pubescence;abaxial hair quantity;abaxial hair density;abaxial hair coloration;abaxial hair pubescence;abaxial hair length or size;abaxial hair pubescence or texture">leaflets 3–5 (–7) (usually more than 3 on at least some leaves), usually at tip, sometimes to distal 1/6 (–1/4) of leaf axis, usually ± overlapping, oblanceolate to obovate, oblong, or elliptic, margins slightly to strongly revolute, distal 2/3 to whole length evenly incised 1/2–3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–8 per side, surfaces ± to strongly dissimilar, abaxial usually grayish white to white, sometimes gray, cottony (or cottony-crisped) hairs abundant to dense, adaxial green to gray, not glaucous, long hairs soft to stiff.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>1–12 (–20) -flowered, ± cymose, congested to open, sometimes solitary flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel course;pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel some measurement;proximal pedicel length or size"><b>Pedicels </b>± straight in fruit, 0.2–2 (–5) cm, proximal often much longer than distal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>5-merous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="hypanthium diameter">hypanthium 2.5–6 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;petal shape;petal atypical some measurement;petal some measurement;petal variability;petal length or size;apex shape">petals pale-yellow or yellow, usually ± obcordate, (2–) 3–7 mm, equal to or distinctly longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens ca. 20;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style position;style shape;style shape;style character;style some measurement">styles subapical, ± columnar to tapered, papillate-swollen in proximal 1/5–1/2, rarely to nearly whole length, 0.7–1.2 (–1.5 in P. paucijuga) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="achene relief"><b>Achenes </b>smooth to faintly rugose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species 35–40 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Section Rubricaules is used here for independently propagating species that have at least some palmate to subpalmate basal leaves and styles less than 1.5 mm that are thickened and glandular-papillate basally. Such species purportedly originated as intersectional hybrids between ternate sect. Niveae and pinnate to subpalmate sect. Pensylvanicae (J. Soják 1986). The North American representatives of the section essentially coincide with Potentilla rubricaulis in the broadest sense. Although some early annotations and treatments by the authors (for example, R. Elven and S. G. Aiken 2007) reflect an inclusive P. rubricaulis, the current treatment recognizes several reasonably distinct species, based on characters and geographic ranges as presented here. These are only the best-defined elements, with further investigation needed to resolve poorly understood variants and transition zones, especially in western Canada. One additional segregated element, P. saximontana, is placed here in sect. Subjugae. Minor elements reported from North America but not otherwise addressed in the current treatment include P. borealis Soják, P. insularis Soják, P. murrayi Jurtzev, P. petrovskyi Soják, and P. psychrophila Soják.</p><!--
--><p>The name Potentilla nivea var. pentaphylla Turczaninow (mistakenly attributed to Lehmann) and its replacement name P. quinquefolia Rydberg, although commonly used as a synonym of P. rubricaulis, do not apply to North American plants (B. Ertter et al. 2013). Independent of the name itself, references to P. quinquefolia from Oregon (C. L. Hitchcock and A. Cronquist 1961b) are based on specimens of P. gracilis var. owyheensis; the voucher for P. quinquefolia in Washington has been reidentified as P. argentea.</p><!--
--><p>Potentilla nivea var. subquinata Lange [= P. subquinata (Lange) Rydberg, P. nivea subsp. subquinata (Lange) Hultén] is another name often used for members of this group. As discussed under sect. Niveae, however, the lectotype is here interpreted as the casual hybrid of P. arenosa and P. nivea. Plants of otherwise trifoliolate species in sect. Niveae will sometimes produce supernumerary leaflets; such plants might key to sect. Rubricaules and should be evaluated in a population context.</p><!--
--><p>Further discussion and synonymy of all these species, and the section in general, are provided elsewhere (B. Ertter et al. 2013).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences congested or ± elongating in fruit; pedicels 0.2–0.7(–1) cm, proximal to 1.5 cm; basal leaves usually palmate or subpalmate, rarely ternate on same plant
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences ± open, sometimes solitary flowers; pedicels (0.5–)1–3 cm, proximal to 5 cm; basal leaves often both ternate and palmate or subpalmate on same plant
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves subpalmate, proximalmost leaflets separated by 1–5 mm; styles 1.2–1.5 mm; petals (4–)5–6 × 4.5–5.5 mm; hypanthia 3.5–5 mm diam.; La Sal Mountains, Utah.
|[[Potentilla paucijuga|Potentilla paucijuga]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves usually palmate, rarely subpalmate or ternate, proximalmost leaflets separated by 0–2 mm; styles 1–1.2 mm; petals 2–5 × 2–4 mm; hypanthia 3–4 mm diam.; Rocky Mountains to California
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petioles: long hairs weak to ± stiff, ± ascending to almost spreading, 1–2 mm; sepals: glands abundant, usually not obscured; leaflets incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth (1–)2–5 mm; Idaho and Montana to Utah and Colorado.
|[[Potentilla modesta|Potentilla modesta]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petioles: long hairs stiff, ± appressed, 0.5–1.2 mm; sepals: glands sparse, obscured; leaflets incised 3/4+ to midvein, teeth (2–)3–6(–10) mm; California.
|[[Potentilla pseudosericea|Potentilla pseudosericea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescence branch angles 5–30(–50)°; petals 3–5(–6) × 3–4(–5) mm, slightly longer than sepals, not overlapping; ne British Columbia, Yukon, interior Alaska.
|[[Potentilla furcata|Potentilla furcata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescence branch angles (10–)20–50°; petals 3–7 × 4–8(–9) mm, usually distinctly longer than sepals, sometimes overlapping; Alaska to Greenland, s to Nevada and Colorado
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petioles: long hairs ± weak to stiff, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm; adaxial leaflet surfaces: long hairs usually stiff; leaflet teeth: apical tufts 0.5–1 mm; proximalmost leaflets separated by 0(–1) mm; mostly subarctic and alpine; w North America
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petioles: long hairs soft to ± stiff, 1–2.5 mm; adaxial leaflet surfaces: long hairs soft to ± weak; leaflet teeth: apical tufts 1–1.5 mm; proximalmost leaflets separated by 0–2 mm; arctic, n Canada, Greenland
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems 1.5–4 dm; basal leaflet teeth (4–)5–8 per side; inflorescences 4–20-flowered; hypanthia 4–6 mm diam.; ± subarctic regions of nw Canada, Alaska.
|[[Potentilla rubricaulis|Potentilla rubricaulis]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems (0.3–)0.5–2 dm; basal leaflet teeth 2–6 per side; inflorescences 1–6(–8)-flowered; hypanthia 3–4 mm diam.; mostly alpine regions, Rocky Mountains to eastern Great Basin.
|[[Potentilla hookeriana|Potentilla hookeriana]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Inflorescences (1–)3–7-flowered; petioles: long hairs 1–2 mm, weak to ± stiff, verrucose; leaflet teeth: apical tufts ± 1 mm; adaxial leaflet surfaces: short (short-crisped) hairs absent or sparse, rarely common, cottony hairs absent; caudex branches not sheathed with marcescent whole leaves; petals usually not overlapping.
|[[Potentilla pedersenii|Potentilla pedersenii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Inflorescences 1–3(–4)-flowered; petioles: long hairs (1–)1.5–2.5 mm, soft to ± weak, smooth; leaflet teeth: apical tufts 1–1.5 mm; adaxial leaflet surfaces: short/crisped/cottony hairs common to abundant; caudex branches often sheathed with marcescent whole leaves; petals often overlapping.
|[[Potentilla uschakovii|Potentilla uschakovii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Potentilla sect. Rubricaules
|author=Reidar Elven;Barbara Ertter
|authority=(Rydberg) A. Nelson in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson
|rank=section
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Potentilla ser.
|basionyms=Rubricaules
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson, New Man. Bot. Rocky Mt.,
|publication year=1909
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_311.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Potentilleae
|genus=Potentilla
|section=Potentilla sect. Rubricaules
|abaxial hair coloration=green;gray
|abaxial hair density=dense
|abaxial hair length or size=long
|abaxial hair pubescence=not glaucous;cottony
|abaxial hair pubescence or texture=soft
|abaxial hair quantity=abundant
|abaxial surface coloration=green;gray
|abaxial surface density=dense
|abaxial surface length or size=long
|abaxial surface pubescence=not glaucous;cottony
|abaxial surface pubescence or texture=soft
|abaxial surface quantity=abundant
|achene relief=smooth;faintly rugose
|and/or height or length or size=short
|and/or length or size=long
|and/or pubescence=cottony
|and/or shape=crisped
|and/or; and/or vestiture coloration=red
|and/or; and/or vestiture quantity=sparse;abundant
|apex shape=retuse
|cauline leaf quantity=0;3
|flower architecture=5-merous
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|gland height or length or size=short
|gland length or size=long
|gland presence=absent
|gland pubescence=cottony
|gland quantity=sparse;abundant
|gland shape=crisped
|hair fragility=stiff
|hair height or length or size=short
|hair length or size=long;long
|hair orientation=less appressed;spreading
|hair pubescence=cottony
|hair pubescence or texture=soft
|hair shape=crisped
|hypanthium diameter=2.5mm;6mm
|inflorescence architecture=congested;open
|leaflet arrangement=overlapping
|leaflet atypical quantity=5;7
|leaflet position or shape=distal
|leaflet quantity=1/6;1/4
|leaflet shape=oblanceolate;obovate oblong or elliptic
|margin position or shape=distal
|margin quantity=1/2;3/4
|margin shape=incised
|margin shape or vernation=revolute
|pedicel atypical some measurement=2cm;5cm
|pedicel course=straight
|pedicel some measurement=0.2cm;2cm
|petal atypical some measurement=2mm;3mm
|petal coloration=yellow;pale-yellow
|petal length or size=distinctly longer
|petal shape=obcordate
|petal some measurement=3mm;7mm
|petal variability=equal
|primary leaf architecture=ternate;usually palmate;subpalmate
|primary leaf some measurement=1cm;10cm
|proximal pedicel length or size=often much longer
|stamen quantity=20
|stem architecture=not rooting
|stem atypical some measurement=3dm;4dm
|stem length=(1-)1.5-4(-6) times basal leaves
|stem orientation=decumbent;erect
|stem shape=not flagelliform
|stem some measurement=0.5dm;3dm
|style character=length
|style position=subapical
|style shape=papillate-swollen;less columnar;tapered
|style some measurement=0.7mm;1.2mm
|surface fragility=stiff
|taproot size or width=not fleshy-thickened
|tooth quantity=2;8
|whole-organism architecture=not stoloniferous
|whole-organism arrangement or pubescence=tufted
|whole-organism duration=perennial
|whole-organism growth form=matted
}}<!--

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