View source for Helenium amarum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Helenium amarum
|accepted_authority=(Rafinesque) H. Rock
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Rhodora
|place=59: 131. 1957
|year=1957
}}
|common_names=Yellowdicks;fiveleaf sneezeweed
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Gaillardia amara
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Ludov.,
|publication_place=69. 1817 (as Galardia)
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helenium tenuifolium
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae;Helenium;Helenium amarum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Helenium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Helenium amarum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 427
|treatment_page=page 428
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole-organism some measurement;whole-organism duration"><b>Annuals,</b> 10–100 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem atypical quantity;stem quantity;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>1–3 (–15), usually branched distally, not winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf pubescence;leaf pubescence"><b>Leaves </b>glabrous or sparsely hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="basal blade shape;basal blade shape">basal blades linear to ovate, entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="mid and distal blade arrangement or course or shape;mid and distal blade architecture or shape">mid and distal blades linear, entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head atypical quantity;head atypical quantity;head quantity;array architecture"><b>Heads </b>(1–) 10–150 (–250+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="peduncle some measurement;peduncle pubescence"><b>Peduncles </b>3–11 cm, sparsely hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre length;involucre width"><b>Involucres </b>hemispheric to globose or globoid, 5–9 × 6–10 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="phyllary pubescence"><b>Phyllaries </b>moderately to densely hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="ray-floret quantity;ray-floret architecture;ray-floret reproduction"><b>Ray-</b>florets 8–10, pistillate, fertile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla length;corolla width">corollas yellow, 4.5–14 × 2–10 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="disc-floret quantity"><b>Disc-</b>florets 75–250+;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla length;corolla width;lobe quantity">corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellowbrown or purple distally, 1.6–2.7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lobes 5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="cypsela some measurement;cypsela pubescence"><b>Cypselae </b>0.7–1.3 mm, moderately to densely hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="scale quantity;scale architecture or shape;scale shape;scale some measurement">pappi of 6–8 entire, aristate scales 1–1.8 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Calif.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ind.;Kans.;La.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;n Mexico
|discussion=<p>Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Basal and proximal cauline leaves usually withered by flowering; basal blades usually entire or pinnately toothed, sometimes pinnatifid; proximal blades usually entire, sometimes pinnately toothed; disc corollas yellow to yellow-brown distally
|[[Helenium amarum var. amarum|Helenium amarum var. amarum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Basal and proximal cauline leaves often present at, sometimes withered by, flowering; basal blades pinnatifid; proximal blades entire or pinnately toothed or lobed to pinnatifid; disc corollas purple distally
|[[Helenium amarum var. badium|Helenium amarum var. badium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Helenium amarum
|authority=(Rafinesque) H. Rock
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Helenium tenuifolium
|basionyms=Gaillardia amara
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Calif.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ind.;Kans.;La.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;n Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=Rhodora
|publication year=1957
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21_1067.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Gaillardiinae
|genus=Helenium
|species=Helenium amarum
|array architecture=paniculiform
|basal blade shape=linear;ovate entire or pinnately toothed or lobed
|corolla coloration=yellow;yellowbrown or purple
|corolla length=1.6mm;2.7mm
|corolla width=0.8mm;1.2mm
|cypsela pubescence=hairy
|cypsela some measurement=0.7mm;1.3mm
|disc-floret quantity=75;250
|head atypical quantity=150;250
|head quantity=10;150
|involucre length=5mm;9mm
|involucre shape=globoid;hemispheric;globose
|involucre width=6mm;10mm
|leaf pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|lobe quantity=5
|mid and distal blade architecture or shape=entire
|mid and distal blade arrangement or course or shape=linear
|peduncle pubescence=hairy
|peduncle some measurement=3cm;11cm
|phyllary pubescence=hairy
|ray-floret architecture=pistillate
|ray-floret quantity=8;10
|ray-floret reproduction=fertile
|scale architecture or shape=entire
|scale quantity=6;8
|scale shape=aristate
|scale some measurement=1mm;1.8mm
|stem architecture=not winged;branched
|stem atypical quantity=3;15
|stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|stem quantity=1;3
|whole-organism duration=annual
|whole-organism some measurement=10cm;100cm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Helenium]]