View source for Eriogonum fasciculatum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eriogonum fasciculatum
|accepted_authority=Bentham
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|place=17: 411. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae;Eriogonum;Eriogonum subg. Eucycla;Eriogonum fasciculatum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eriogonum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Eriogonum subg. Eucycla]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Eriogonum fasciculatum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 226, 231, 237, 298, 301
|treatment_page=page 297
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism architecture or arrangement;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism shape;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism growth form or orientation;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism atypical length;whole_organism length;whole_organism atypical width;whole_organism width;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture or arrangement;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism shape;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism growth form or orientation;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism atypical length;whole_organism length;whole_organism atypical width;whole_organism width;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or subshrubs, compact to spreading or rounded and more or less erect, occasionally decumbent, infrequently scapose, (1–) 2–15 × 2–25 (–30) dm, tomentose to canescent, floccose, or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;leaf-base duration;leaf-base quantity;whole_organism growth form"><b>Stems </b>sprawling or spreading to erect, often with persistent leaf-bases, up to 1/2 or more height of plant;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="caudex stem presence;caudex stem growth form;caudex stem orientation">caudex stems absent or matted to spreading;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="flowering-stem location;flowering-stem orientation;flowering-stem size;flowering-stem architecture;flowering-stem shape;flowering-stem atypical some measurement;flowering-stem some measurement;flowering-stem pubescence;flowering-stem pubescence;flowering-stem pubescence;flowering-stem pubescence;flowering-stem pubescence">aerial flowering-stems erect to spreading, slender, solid, not fistulose, 0.3–2.5 (–3) dm, tomentose, canescent, or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf position;leaf quantity;leaf architecture or arrangement"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, 1 per node or fasciculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole some measurement;petiole pubescence">petiole 0.1–0.3 cm, canescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade atypical length;blade length;blade atypical width;blade width;blade pubescence;blade coloration;blade pubescence;blade pubescence;blade pubescence;blade pubescence;blade coloration;margin shape or vernation">blade linear to linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 0.6–1.5 (–1.8) × 0.05–0.4 (–0.6) cm, white-tomentose or canescent to subglabrous abaxially, tomentose or canescent and grayish, subglabrous, or glabrous and green adaxially, margins often revolute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence shape;inflorescence length;inflorescence width"><b>Inflorescences </b>cymose, infrequently cymose-umbellate or capitate, compact to open, occasionally flat-topped, 0.2–20 × 0.2–15 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="branch architecture;branch presence;branch pubescence">branches dichotomous, infrequently absent, tomentose to canescent or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract quantity;bract shape;bract shape;bract some measurement;bract shape;bract shape;bract length;bract width">bracts usually 3, scalelike, triangular, and 1–3 mm, or leaflike, linear to oblanceolate, and 3–10 × 1–3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="peduncle presence"><b>Peduncles </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="involucre atypical quantity;involucre quantity;involucre shape;involucre length;involucre width;involucre pubescence;involucre pubescence;involucre pubescence;involucre pubescence;involucre pubescence;involucre pubescence"><b>Involucres </b>(1–) 3–8 per cluster, turbinate to campanulate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 mm, canescent, pubescent, glabrous, or subglabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tooth quantity;tooth orientation;tooth some measurement">teeth 5, erect, 0.3–1.2 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="flower some measurement"><b>Flowers </b>2.5–3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="perianth coloration;perianth pubescence;perianth pubescence">perianth white to pinkish, glabrous or pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="tepal fusion;tepal position;tepal quantity;tepal architecture;tepal shape">tepals connate proximal 1/4, monomorphic, usually elliptic to obovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stamen position;stamen some measurement">stamens exserted, 2.5–5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="filament pubescence;filament pubescence">filaments subglabrous or pubescent proximally.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="achene coloration;achene some measurement;achene pubescence"><b>Achenes </b>light-brown to brown, 1.8–2.5 mm, glabrous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Utah;including nw Mexico
|discussion=<p>Varieties 5 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Eriogonum fasciculatum is a complex, polyploid series of variants that are generally distinct but often difficult to distinguish morphologically. Variety emphereium Reveal is confined to central Baja California, Mexico. The introduction of Eriogonum fasciculatum as a decorative roadside plant by the California Department of Transportation is resulting in hybrid populations involving E. cinereum. The aggressively weedy and (for Arizona) exotic variety foliosum is rapidly invading the native habitat of var. polifolium. Members of E. fasciculatum are food plants for several butterflies, notably the Bernardino dotted-blue (Euphilotes bernardino), lupine blue (Plebeius lupini), Mormon metalmark (Apodemia mormo), and Behr’s metalmark (A. virgulti). Probably the butterfly most commonly seen with the species is the nut-brown hairstreak (Satyrium saepium), which frequents plants in full flower. Eriogonum fasciculatum is also the most important native source of honey in California.</p><!--
--><p>This widespread species was used extensively by Native Americans for a variety of ailments. Its application for pain and headaches (D. P. Barrows 1900; K. Hedges 1986; E. W. Voegelin 1938) was rather common, as was its general use for diarrhea (Hedges; Voegelin). M. L. Zigmond (1981) reported that the Kawaiisu lined their acorn granaries with leaves of var. proliferum to keep out rain—a daunting challenge given the size of the leaves! L. Hinton (1975) reported the use of a decoction of dried flowers and roots to maintain a healthy heart, and M. C. Stevenson (1915) indicated that a powder derived from the roots was used by the Zuñi to treat wounds, whereas a root decoction was taken for colds and hoarseness. B. R. Bocek (1984) reported that the Costanoan Indians of California used a decoction of the plant to treat unspecified urinary problems. F. H. Elmore (1943) reported the use of a decoction of var. proliferum by the Navajo (Diné) people as an anti-witchcraft medicine.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves thinly white-tomentose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; perianths and involucres mostly glabrous; plants usually decumbent; primarily coastal 80c. Eriogonum fasciculatum var. fasciculatum
|[[#key-0-1| > 1]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves, perianths, and involucres pubescent or, if subglabrous, then plants of desert regions; plants erect to rounded; generally inland
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves light yellow-green, subglabrous adaxially; involucres and perianths glabrous or subglabrous
|[[Eriogonum fasciculatum var. flavoviride|Eriogonum fasciculatum var. flavoviride]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves dark green or grayish, usually pubescent adaxially; involucres and perianths pubescent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Inflorescences capitate to cymose-umbellate, rarely cymose; leaves canescent on both surfaces or densely tomentose abaxially and canescent adaxially; leaf margins plane or infrequently revolute; mainly deserts
|[[Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium|Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Inflorescences open and mostly cymose; leaves densely white-tomentose abaxially, less so to green and floccose adaxially; leaf margins usually tightly revolute; mainly inner coastal foothills
|[[Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum|Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eriogonum fasciculatum
|authority=Bentham
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Polygonaceae
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Utah;including nw Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=Trans. Linn. Soc. London
|publication year=1836
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V5/V5_587.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae
|genus=Eriogonum
|subgenus=Eriogonum subg. Eucycla
|species=Eriogonum fasciculatum
|achene coloration=light-brown;brown
|achene pubescence=glabrous
|achene some measurement=1.8mm;2.5mm
|blade atypical length=1.5cm;1.8cm
|blade atypical width=0.4cm;0.6cm
|blade coloration=green;grayish
|blade length=0.6cm;1.5cm
|blade pubescence=glabrous;subglabrous;glabrous;subglabrous;canescent;subglabrous abaxially
|blade shape=linear;linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate
|blade width=0.05cm;0.4cm
|bract length=3mm;10mm
|bract quantity=3
|bract shape=linear;oblanceolate
|bract some measurement=1mm;3mm
|bract width=1mm;3mm
|branch architecture=dichotomous
|branch presence=absent
|branch pubescence=tomentose;canescent or glabrous
|caudex stem growth form=matted
|caudex stem orientation=spreading
|caudex stem presence=absent
|filament pubescence=pubescent;subglabrous
|flower some measurement=2.5mm;3mm
|flowering-stem architecture=solid
|flowering-stem atypical some measurement=2.5dm;3dm
|flowering-stem location=aerial
|flowering-stem orientation=erect;spreading
|flowering-stem pubescence=glabrous;canescent;glabrous;canescent;tomentose
|flowering-stem shape=not fistulose
|flowering-stem size=slender
|flowering-stem some measurement=0.3dm;2.5dm
|inflorescence architecture=capitate compact;open
|inflorescence length=0.2cm;20cm
|inflorescence shape=flat-topped
|inflorescence width=0.2cm;15cm
|involucre atypical quantity=1;3
|involucre length=2mm;4mm
|involucre pubescence=subglabrous;glabrous;subglabrous;glabrous;pubescent;canescent
|involucre quantity=3;8
|involucre shape=turbinate;campanulate
|involucre width=1.5mm;3mm
|leaf architecture or arrangement=fasciculate
|leaf position=cauline
|leaf quantity=1
|leaf-base duration=persistent
|leaf-base quantity=0;1/2
|margin shape or vernation=revolute
|peduncle presence=absent
|perianth coloration=white;pinkish
|perianth pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|petiole pubescence=canescent
|petiole some measurement=0.1cm;0.3cm
|stamen position=exserted
|stamen some measurement=2.5mm;5mm
|stem orientation=spreading;erect
|tepal architecture=monomorphic
|tepal fusion=connate
|tepal position=proximal
|tepal quantity=1/4
|tepal shape=usually elliptic;obovate
|tooth orientation=erect
|tooth quantity=5
|tooth some measurement=0.3mm;1.2mm
|whole_organism architecture=scapose;scapose
|whole_organism architecture or arrangement=compact;compact
|whole_organism atypical length=1dm;2dm
|whole_organism atypical width=25dm;30dm
|whole_organism growth form=plant;subshrub;shrub
|whole_organism growth form or orientation=decumbent;decumbent
|whole_organism length=2dm;15dm
|whole_organism orientation=erect;spreading;erect;spreading
|whole_organism pubescence=tomentose;canescent floccose or glabrous
|whole_organism shape=rounded;rounded
|whole_organism width=2dm;25dm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Eriogonum subg. Eucycla]]