View source for Chorizanthe diffusa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Chorizanthe diffusa
|accepted_authority=Bentham in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|place=14: 26. 1856
|year=1856
}}
|common_names=Diffuse spineflower
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chorizanthe andersonii
|authority=Parry
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chorizanthe diffusa var. nivea
|authority=(Curran) Hoover
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chorizanthe nivea
|authority=Bentham
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chorizanthe pungens var. diffusa
|authority=(Bentham) Parry
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chorizanthe pungens var. nivea
|authority=Curran
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae;Chorizanthe;Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes;Chorizanthe sect. Ptelosepala;Chorizanthe diffusa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Chorizanthe]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Chorizanthe sect. Ptelosepala]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Chorizanthe diffusa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 447, 453, 454
|treatment_page=page 452
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism orientation;whole_organism growth form or orientation;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism orientation;whole_organism atypical length;whole_organism length;whole_organism atypical width;whole_organism width;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>spreading, decumbent, prostrate, or rarely slightly erect, 0.3–1 (–1.5) × 0.5–2 (–10) dm, villous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole atypical some measurement;petiole some measurement">petiole 0.2–1.8 (–2) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade shape;blade length;blade width;blade pubescence">blade oblanceolate, 0.3–2 × 0.1–0.4 cm, villous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence density;inflorescence coloration;secondary branch prominence"><b>Inflorescences </b>rather dense with secondary branches suppressed, white to greenish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bract quantity;bract architecture;bract arrangement or course or shape;bract coloration;bract shape;bract length;bract width;proximal node size;awn presence">bracts 2, similar to leaf-blades at proximal nodes only reduced, short-petiolate, becoming linear and aciculate at distal nodes, acerose, 0.3–2 cm × 1–4 mm, awns absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="involucre quantity;involucre coloration;involucre shape;involucre shape;involucre some measurement;involucre width;involucre coloration;involucre coloration;margin texture;margin arrangement or relief;margin pubescence"><b>Involucres </b>1, mostly greenish, cylindric, not ventricose, 2–2.5 mm, with thin to broad and then conspicuous white or pinkish to purple, scarious margins extending nearly full length of awn, not corrugate, villous-hirsute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tooth orientation;tooth arrangement;tooth variability;tooth some measurement;awn shape;awn position;awn some measurement;awn arrangement;longer one some measurement">teeth spreading to divergent, equal, 0.5–1 mm, awns uncinate with longer ones 1–2 mm, anterior one mostly 2 mm, alternating with shorter (0.5–1 mm) ones.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower position"><b>Flowers </b>exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth coloration;floral-tube coloration;tepal coloration;tepal shape;tepal some measurement;tepal pubescence">perianth bicolored with floral-tube lemon-yellow and tepals white, campanulate, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal fusion;tepal length;tepal architecture;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal architecture or shape">tepals connate ca. 1/3 their length, monomorphic, oblong, acute to obtuse and entire apically;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 3–9, slightly exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="filament fusion;filament some measurement;filament pubescence">filaments distinct, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="anther coloration;anther shape;anther some measurement">anthers yellow, oval, 0.3–0.4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="achene coloration;achene shape;achene some measurement;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Achenes </b>dark-brown, globose-lenticular, 2–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 38, 40, 42.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, coastal scrub communities, pine-oak woodlands
|elevation=30-800 m
|distribution=Calif.
|discussion=<p>The involucral margins of Chorizanthe diffusa vary greatly. In some individuals, the white margins are barely visible. Plants with the margins of the involucre are predominantly white have been designated var. nivea. A full gradation between the extremes may be observed in most populations, although in coastal sands var. nivea is often the dominant expression. Diffuse spineflower occurs near the coast and in the Coast Ranges of central California.</p><!--
--><p>Chorizanthe diffusa has been shown to inhibit carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary-organ culture model. This inhibitory activity is known to correlate with cancer chemopreventive effects in full-term models of tumorigenesis (see H. S. Chung et al. 1999).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Chorizanthe diffusa
|authority=Bentham in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Chorizanthe andersonii;Chorizanthe diffusa var. nivea;Chorizanthe nivea;Chorizanthe pungens var. diffusa;Chorizanthe pungens var. nivea
|basionyms=
|family=Polygonaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, coastal scrub communities, pine-oak woodlands
|elevation=30-800 m
|distribution=Calif.
|reference=None
|publication title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication year=1856
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V5/V5_939.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae
|genus=Chorizanthe
|subgenus=Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes
|section=Chorizanthe sect. Ptelosepala
|species=Chorizanthe diffusa
|2n chromosome quantity=42;40;38
|achene coloration=dark-brown
|achene shape=globose-lenticular
|achene some measurement=2mm;2.5mm
|anther coloration=yellow
|anther shape=oval
|anther some measurement=0.3mm;0.4mm
|awn arrangement=alternating
|awn position=anterior
|awn presence=absent
|awn shape=uncinate
|awn some measurement=2
|blade length=0.3cm;2cm
|blade pubescence=villous
|blade shape=oblanceolate
|blade width=0.1cm;0.4cm
|bract architecture=short-petiolate
|bract arrangement or course or shape=linear
|bract coloration=aciculate
|bract length=0.3cm;2cm
|bract quantity=2
|bract shape=acerose
|bract width=1mm;4mm
|filament fusion=distinct
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|filament some measurement=1.5mm;2mm
|floral-tube coloration=lemon-yellow
|flower position=exserted
|inflorescence coloration=white;greenish
|inflorescence density=dense
|involucre coloration=pinkish;purple
|involucre quantity=1
|involucre shape=not ventricose;cylindric
|involucre some measurement=2mm;2.5mm
|involucre width=thin;broad
|leaf position=basal
|longer one some measurement=1mm;2mm
|margin arrangement or relief=corrugate
|margin pubescence=villous-hirsute
|margin texture=scarious
|perianth coloration=bicolored
|petiole atypical some measurement=1.8cm;2cm
|petiole some measurement=0.2cm;1.8cm
|proximal node size=reduced
|secondary branch prominence=suppressed
|stamen position=exserted
|stamen quantity=3;9
|tepal architecture=monomorphic
|tepal architecture or shape=entire
|tepal coloration=white
|tepal fusion=connate
|tepal length=1/3
|tepal pubescence=glabrous
|tepal shape=acute;obtuse
|tepal some measurement=2.5mm;3mm
|tooth arrangement=divergent
|tooth orientation=spreading
|tooth some measurement=0.5mm;1mm
|tooth variability=equal
|whole_organism atypical length=1dm;1.5dm
|whole_organism atypical width=2dm;10dm
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism growth form or orientation=decumbent
|whole_organism length=0.3dm;1dm
|whole_organism orientation=erect;prostrate;erect;prostrate;spreading
|whole_organism pubescence=villous
|whole_organism width=0.5dm;2dm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Chorizanthe sect. Ptelosepala]]