Carex retroflexa

Muhlenberg ex Willdenow

Sp. Pl. 4(1): 235. 1805.

IllustratedEndemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 288. Mentioned on page 286, 289.

Plants without conspicuous rhizomes. Culms 10–75 cm, 1.3–1.8 mm wide basally, 0.5–0.8 mm wide distally. Leaves: sheaths tight, green, fronts hyaline; ligules less than 2 mm, wider than long; widest leaf-blades 1.4–3 mm wide. Inflorescences with 3–9 spikes, 1–4 cm × 5–9 mm; proximal internodes 1–3 times as long as proximal spikes; proximal bracts to 6 cm; spikes with 3–10 spreading perigynia. Pistillate scales hyaline with green midvein, ovate, 2–3 × 1.4–1.6 mm, 3/4 length to equaling perigynia, apex acute to acuminate. Anthers 1.5–2.3 mm. Perigynia green to pale-yellow, faces weakly veined, 2.5–3.2 × 1.2–1.8 mm, base of body spongy, thickened and longitudinally striate adaxially, spongy region 0.8–1.5 mm, margins entire, serrulate distally; beak 0.7–1 mm, apical teeth 0.1–0.3 mm. Stigmas straight or slightly twisted, 0.05 mm wide. Achenes ovate-circular, 1.3–1.6 × 1.3–1.5 mm. 2n = 40.


Phenology: Fruiting spring.
Habitat: Thickets and openings in dry deciduous forests
Elevation: 10–500 m

Distribution

V23 487-distribution-map.jpg

Ont., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Records of Carex retroflexa and C. texensis are not always clearly distinguished, consequently some reports of C. retroflexa may refer to C. texensis.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number."widest" is not a number.

... more about "Carex retroflexa"
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
biconvex +
smaller +
1.3mm;1.5mm +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
acute;acuminate +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
Peter W. Ball +
Muhlenberg ex Willdenow +
white-hyaline +, hyaline +  and narrow +
red tinged +  and brown +
rounded +
bidentate +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
v--shaped +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
scale-like +  and leaflike +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
round +  and trigonous +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br />) +
0.5mm;0.8mm +
Ont. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
10–500 m +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
1.2mm;1.8mm +
open +, pistillate +  and staminate +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Thickets and openings in dry deciduous forests +
, +  and racemose +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
sessile +  and pistillate +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
basal +  and cauline +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
wider than long +
serrulate +  and entire +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
stipitate +, not +  and veined +
green +  and pale-yellow +
Fruiting spring. +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
1-3 times as long as proximal spikes +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
adventitious +
basal +  and proximal +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
cylindric +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
1 +  and 3 +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
deciduous +
2-3(-4)-fid +
Carex retroflexa +
Carex sect. Phaestoglochin +
species +
rhizomatous +  and short-rhizomatous +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +