margins plane or incurved, entire to serrulate distally; apex obtuse to long-acuminate; costa single, 1/3–3/4 leaf length, or rarely ecostate; alar cells differentiated
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Branches usually in pseudowhorls; shoots dimorphic with long-shoots and short-shoots; short-shoots borne in close spirals from axils of scaly bracts and bearing
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entire or serrulate toward apex; apex acute or short to long-acuminate, sometimes apiculate; costa double and short or ecostate; alar cells not or slightly differentiated;
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Mentioned on page 569, 627, 631, 636. Herbs, annual, 2–10 (–15) dm; with a short taproot or small, fibrous-root system. Stems solitary or few, erect, unbranched
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usually branched, glabrous, glabrate, or hairy, hairs spreading to ± retrorse, short to long, soft to stiff, rarely stipitate-glandular. Leaves green to purple
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serrulate, or denticulate; apex acute, acuminate, or abruptly acuminate; costa subpercurrent, with 2 or more shorter, supplementary costae at base; alar cells
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denticulate, dentate, or ciliate-dentate, rarely entire; apex acute, acuminate, or long-acuminate, subulate to piliferous, rarely blunt; costa single, 1/3–2/3
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subpinnate, branches short, erect, and densely foliate, or elongate, pendent, and terete-foliate; axillary hair proximal cells 1 or 2, short, light-brown, distal
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Virescentes (Kunth) Mackenzie Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants cespitose, short-rhizomatous. Culms redbrown at base, rough distally. Leaves: basal sheaths
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broadly ovate, 100–300 × 30–100 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to acuminate, adaxial faces glabrous or slightly scabrous, or sometimes strigose or
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fasciculately branched, sometimes filiform and almost unbranched, absent short, lateral tuft-like branchlets. Leaves lingulate, elliptic, broadly ovate
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Proximal pistillate scales with apex obtuse to acuminate, sometimes awned; distal scales acute to short-awned. Perigynia ascending, 12–26-veined, stipitate
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sessile, without prophylls. Proximal pistillate scales with apex acuminate, cuspidate, or short-awned. Perigynia ascending to erect, both faces veined or veinless
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basifixed, dehiscence introrse; pistillate flowers with 6 staminodes, style short or absent, stigmas 3, recurved, ligulate. Berries black, blue, purple, red
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-lobed, sometimes with secondary lobes, apex acuminate to obtuse; lobes spreading, linear, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2.5–15 (much longer in fruit)
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plane, flat, 0 (–5) -lobed, apex acuminate; lobes spreading to ascending, filiform to lanceolate, apex sometimes acuminate. Inflorescences (1.5–) 2–10 (–19
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linear to deltoid, distal leaves oblong to lanceolate with subulate to acuminate tips, margins plane and undifferentiated, entire to serrate or abruptly
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to ovate, 2.6–5.4 × 1.2–2.6 mm, equaling perigynia, apex acute to acuminate or short-awned (rarely obtuse); staminate scales with white margins 0.4–0.8
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rarely slightly serrulate distally; apex acute to slenderly acuminate; costa double, short, often indistinct; alar cells differentiated, quadrate; laminal
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in creeping mats, dark green. Stems short-to-elongate, subpinnate or irregularly branched, branches spreading, short, densely tomentose proximally; axillary
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