mostly 7–15 cm; peduncle (3.5–)4–13 cm; leaves usually purplish violet Tradescantia pallida 4 Leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate, mostly 3–7 cm; peduncle 1–5(–6)
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Receptacles convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 10–80, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow (usually 10–35 mm, sometimes reduced, not surpassing involucres)
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on page 512. Mentioned on page 51, 460, 513, 534, 539. Perennials, 20–180 cm (corms globose to depressed-ovoid or napiform, sometimes elongated, becoming
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serratum 6 Petioles 1 cm or less, dull; stem scales 0.6–1 mm wide, sparsely denticulate. Asplenium dalhousiae 6 Petioles 1–10 cm, lustrous; stem scales
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page 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 228. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or
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Mentioned on page 6, 41, 184. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–400 cm (sometimes rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in Coreopsis
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page 706. Plants perennial; often cespitose, usually rhizomatous. Culms 10-210 cm, unbranched or branched, more or less smooth, nodes 1-8. Sheaths open,
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distally at junction of ovary and free portion of hypanthium; stamens (2–) 5 (–9) 10; anthers usually dehiscent longitudinally, rarely by broad terminal openings
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solitary (versus 1–3), slightly or not fragrant (versus fragrant), 3–5 cm diam. (versus 5–10 cm diam.), with often pinnately lobed sepals (versus entire or slightly
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usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms (3) 5-120 cm, usually erect. Sheaths open, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous
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adaxial surface without 2 marginal veins more prominent than midvein, blade 2+ cm, longer than its sheath, 2–4.5 mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose
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sometimes rhizomatous. Basal branching intra and/or extravaginal. Culms (5) 10-125 cm, terete or weakly compressed; nodes terete or slightly compressed. Sheaths
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by persistent primary leaves or leaf-bases; longest internodes less than 1cm; buds conspicuous. Roots fibrous to woody, unspecialized. Leaves (needles)
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2-12-rayed > 10 9 Fruit valves glabrous, pubescent, or puberulent, trichomes simple > 13 10 Styles 1.4-3.4 mm; cauline leaves (4-)6-10(-13); racemes (10-)18-55(-67)-
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in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8 (-12) -branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (4-) 10-30 (-40) cm, fibrous, twisted, dry, thin threadlike segments apparent
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distally, (0.2–) 0.4–3 mm diam., tip recurved, rarely coiled or straight, distal 10–50 (–70) % hairy, hairs to 2.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules
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45. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [perennials], mostly 10–80 (–200) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves cauline; mostly
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widespread > 10 10 Inflorescences dense, subcapitate or spiciform, not 1-sided; calyces usually overlapping others in flower, sometimes in fruit > 11 10 Inflorescences
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aromatic, 0.3–10 (–12) dm, sparsely to densely hairy, inconspicuously to conspicuously glandular; compactly to ± loosely rhizomatous. Stems 1–10+, decumbent
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toothlike. Sporangia borne on peltate sporophylls aggregated in cones 0.3–10 cm. Spores green (except white in hybrids), all 1 kind. Gametophytes green,
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