Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 259. 1877 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 380. Mentioned on page 223, 381, 431, 433, 434, 435, 437
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dense rosettes, usually alternate, sometimes opposite or in whorls of 3–5 [–6], ± alike, petiolate or sessile, not connate basally; blade linear to orbiculate
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-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; calluses hairy, hairs 0.2-6.5 mm, sparse to abundant; lemmas 3 (5) -veined, smooth or scabrous, apices usually tapering into
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flat or convex to conic, smooth or pitted, glabrous, usually epaleate (with 1–6 hyaline paleae in E. ambiguum, obscurely setose in E. mohavense). Ray-florets
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erect, occasionally reflexed, leaflike proximally, scalelike distally. Flowers 6-merous, bisexual or functionally unisexual; perianth of 2 similar petallike
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oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
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Seeds (1–) 3–6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. x = 5, 6, 7, 8. North
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3, filiform, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3, subcapitate, smooth to papillate (50×). Capsules ovoid to urceolate, opening by 6 ascending to recurved
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Treatment on page 353. Plants annual or perennial; habit various. Culms 3-800 cm, annual, usually not woody. Leaves basal and/or cauline; sheaths usually open;
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perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms (3) 5-120 cm, usually erect. Sheaths open, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous
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on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
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branchlets stout (mostly over 5mm thick), orangebrown, aging darker brown, rough. Buds ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, redbrown, ca. 1–1.5cm, resinous; scale margins
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pale redbrown, 0.5–1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 (–4) per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 3–4 years, 2–6cm × 0.6–0.9 (–1) mm, connivent
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ovoid-cylindric, redbrown, ca. 1.5cm, resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 in a fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting 3–4 years, (8–) 9–15 (–20) cm × 1.3–1.8 (–2) mm, straight
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Seed-cones cylindric, 3.5–6 × 2.5–4cm, dark purple overlaid with yellowish green bracts, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 0.7–1 × 1–1.3cm, pubescent; bracts
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thesis. Cornell University. Pinkava, D. J. 2003. Cactaceae cactus family: Part 6. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 35: 137–150. Opuntia aciculata, Opuntia atrispina
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Treatment on page 335. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 255, 336, 364. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or mostly
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or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts 2-3 (these compound, often resembling whorl of 6-9 simple bracts), leaflike
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Culms with 4–5(–6) angles or sometimes terete, not compressed; achenes falling with or before scales, yellow to dark brown or green, with 6–12 depressions
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spreading, or reflexed, rarely ascending, lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, 5–30 (–40) × 1.5–6 mm, margins entire or pinnatifid, abaxial surfaces glabrous, rarely
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