View source for Trillium sessile

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trillium sessile
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 340. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Sessile trillium;toad trillium;toadshade
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Trillium;Trillium subg. Phyllantherum;Trillium sessile
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trillium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Trillium subg. Phyllantherum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Trillium sessile]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 96, 110
|treatment_page=page 115
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="rhizome orientation;rhizome coloration;rhizome width;rhizome shape;rhizome texture"><b>Rhizomes </b>horizontal, brownish, thick, praemorse, fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="scape quantity;scape shape;scape some measurement;scape size;scape pubescence"><b>Scapes </b>1–3, round in cross-section, 0.8–2.5 dm, slender to stout, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bract architecture"><b>Bracts </b>held well above ground, sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade coloration;blade coloration;blade coloration;blade prominence;blade shape;blade length;blade width;base fixation;apex shape">blade green to bluish green, strongly to sparsely mottled, mottling becoming obscure with age, oval to suborbicular, 4–10 × 2–8 cm, base broadly attached, apex rounded-acuminate to bluntly parallel sided-acuminate (rounded basally to its broad attachment).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="flower orientation;flower odor;flower odor or taste"><b>Flower </b>erect, odor pungent, spicy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="sepal orientation;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal shape;sepal length;sepal width;margin architecture or shape;apex shape">sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, green, variously streaked with maroon, lanceolate-oblanceolate, 9–35 × 4–8 mm, margins entire, apex rounded-acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="petal duration;petal orientation;petal arrangement;stamen position;stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen coloration;stamen architecture;stamen shape;stamen shape;stamen length;stamen width;stamen texture;stamen shape;ovary position;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary coloration;ovary architecture;ovary shape;ovary shape;ovary length;ovary width;ovary texture;ovary shape;margin architecture or shape;apex shape">petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, maroon, brownish maroon, green, or yellowish green, not spirally twisted, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally almost orbicular, 1.7–3.5 × 0.7–2 cm, thick-textured, narrowed near basal attachment (but not truly clawed), margins entire, apex gradually rounded-tapered to acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="stamen course;stamen some measurement">stamens straight, 10–23 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="filament coloration or density;filament some measurement;filament shape">filaments red-purple, 2–5 mm, dilated basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="anther orientation;anther course;anther coloration or density;anther some measurement;anther width;anther dehiscence">anthers erect, straight, gray-purple, 9–16 mm, thick, dehiscence introrse;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="connectif coloration;connectif course;connectif orientation;connectif some measurement">connectives purplish brown, straight, projecting 2–5+ mm beyond anther sacs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="ovary coloration;ovary coloration or density;ovary shape;ovary shape;ovary shape;ovary some measurement">ovary greenish white basally, purple distally, ovoid to globose, 6-angled, pyramidally narrowed to stigmas, 4–8.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stigma orientation;stigma orientation;stigma fusion;stigma coloration or density;stigma shape;stigma some measurement;stigma texture">stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, purple, subulate, 1–5 mm, ± fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit coloration;fruit coloration or density;fruit odor;fruit shape;fruit shape"><b>Fruits </b>baccate, dark greenish purple, odorless, subglobose, 6-angled, angles somewhat winglike, pulpy, not juicy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="angle architecture or shape;angle pubescence or texture;angle texture;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring (Mar–early May).
|habitat=Rich woodlands, limestone districts, calcareous soils, floodplains, riverbanks, clayey alluvium, less fertile soils, high, dry limestone woods, persists under light pasturing, in fencerows and brushy areas after lumbering
|elevation=100–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;Md.;Mich.;Mo.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p>Trillium sessile is rather uniform throughout its range, with few color forms.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trillium sessile
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring (Mar–early May).
|habitat=Rich woodlands, limestone districts, calcareous soils, floodplains, riverbanks, clayey alluvium, less fertile soils, high, dry limestone woods, persists under light pasturing, in fencerows and brushy areas after lumbering
|elevation=100–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;Md.;Mich.;Mo.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_139.xml
|genus=Trillium
|subgenus=Trillium subg. Phyllantherum
|species=Trillium sessile
|2n chromosome quantity=10
|angle architecture or shape=winglike
|angle pubescence or texture=pulpy
|angle texture=not juicy
|anther coloration or density=gray-purple
|anther course=straight
|anther dehiscence=introrse
|anther orientation=erect
|anther some measurement=9mm;16mm
|anther width=thick
|apex shape=gradually rounded-tapered;acute
|base fixation=attached
|blade coloration=mottling;green;bluish green
|blade length=4cm;10cm
|blade prominence=obscure
|blade shape=oval;suborbicular
|blade width=2cm;8cm
|bract architecture=sessile
|connectif coloration=purplish brown
|connectif course=straight
|connectif orientation=projecting
|connectif some measurement=2mm;5mm
|filament coloration or density=red-purple
|filament shape=dilated
|filament some measurement=2mm;5mm
|flower odor=pungent
|flower odor or taste=spicy
|flower orientation=erect
|fruit architecture=baccate
|fruit coloration=dark greenish
|fruit coloration or density=purple
|fruit odor=odorless
|fruit shape=6-angled;subglobose
|margin architecture or shape=entire;entire
|ovary architecture=twisted
|ovary coloration=greenish white;yellowish green;green;yellowish green;green;brownish maroon;maroon
|ovary coloration or density=purple
|ovary length=1.7cm;3.5cm
|ovary position=concealing
|ovary shape=narrowed;6-angled;ovoid;globose
|ovary some measurement=4mm;8.5mm
|ovary texture=thick-textured
|ovary width=0.7cm;2cm
|petal arrangement=connivent
|petal duration=long-lasting
|petal orientation=erect
|rhizome coloration=brownish
|rhizome orientation=horizontal
|rhizome shape=praemorse
|rhizome texture=fleshy
|rhizome width=thick
|scape pubescence=glabrous
|scape quantity=1;3
|scape shape=round
|scape size=slender;stout
|scape some measurement=0.8dm;2.5dm
|sepal coloration=streaked with maroon;green
|sepal length=9mm;35mm
|sepal orientation=spreading
|sepal shape=lanceolate-oblanceolate
|sepal width=4mm;8mm
|stamen architecture=twisted
|stamen coloration=yellowish green;green;yellowish green;green;brownish maroon;maroon
|stamen course=straight
|stamen length=1.7cm;3.5cm
|stamen position=concealing
|stamen shape=narrowed;orbicular;oblanceolate;elliptic
|stamen some measurement=10mm;23mm
|stamen texture=thick-textured
|stamen width=0.7cm;2cm
|stigma coloration or density=purple
|stigma fusion=distinct
|stigma orientation=divergent-recurved;erect
|stigma shape=subulate
|stigma some measurement=1mm;5mm
|stigma texture=fleshy
}}<!--

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