View source for Splachnum pensylvanicum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Splachnum pensylvanicum
|accepted_authority=(Bridel) Grout ex H. A. Crum
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bryologist
|place=69: 206. 1966
|year=1966
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Bryum pensylvanicum
|authority=Bridel
|rank=species
|publication_title=Muscol. Recent., suppl.
|publication_place=3: 45. 1817
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Splachnaceae;Splachnum;Splachnum pensylvanicum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Splachnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Splachnum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Splachnum pensylvanicum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 23, 25
|treatment_page=page 27
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism coloration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>green.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem some measurement"><b>Stems </b>0.2–2.5 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf shape;leaf some measurement"><b>Leaves </b>distant throughout, long-lanceolate, 2.5–5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture">margins usually irregularly and sharply serrate, occasionally entire, indistinctly bordered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="apex shape">apex slenderly long-acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="">costa disappearing in acumen near apex.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="costa prominence;costa reproduction;costa reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition autoicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="seta coloration;seta coloration;seta some measurement;seta course"><b>Seta </b>light green or hyaline, 0.2–1 cm, flexuose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="capsule urn coloration;capsule urn some measurement"><b>Capsule </b>urn orangebrown, 0.6–0.7 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypophysis coloration;hypophysis coloration;hypophysis coloration;hypophysis shape;hypophysis shape;hypophysis width;hypophysis width;hypophysis relief">hypophysis greenish, dark red or purplish distally, globose or narrowly pyriform, as wide or slightly wider than urn, wrinkled when dry;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="operculum shape;operculum architecture or shape">operculum conic, bluntly apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="exostome tooth fusion;exostome tooth coloration;exostome tooth coloration">exostome teeth inserted below mouth, connate in pairs, brown or orangebrown.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="spore shape;spore some measurement;spore coloration"><b>Spores </b>subspheric, 7–11 µm, light green.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Capsules mature winter–spring.
|habitat=Dung of herbivores (such as moose, cattle)
|elevation=low to moderate elevations
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Fla.;Ga.;Maine;Mass.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.
|discussion=<p>Splachnum pensylvanicum has a much more southerly distribution than other North American species. The species has often been collected from cattle droppings from Florida through the Atlantic coastal plain north to New England; however, it has become rare within this range. The species is quite abundant on the Avalon Peninsula of eastern Newfoundland, where it grows in both pure and mixed populations with S. ampullaceum on moose droppings. Splachnum pensylvanicum is quite distinct from the other North American species in sporophytic and gametophytic characteristics. Its sporophyte is relatively diminutive, with a very short seta and a small, barely inflated hypophysis. The leaves, like those of S. ampullaceum, are long-lanceolate and slender-acuminate but, unlike the spinose-dentate distal leaf margins of S. ampullaceum, the distal leaf margins of S. pensylvanicum range from entire to irregularly serrate.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Splachnum pensylvanicum
|authority=(Bridel) Grout ex H. A. Crum
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Bryum pensylvanicum
|family=Splachnaceae
|phenology=Capsules mature winter–spring.
|habitat=Dung of herbivores (such as moose, cattle)
|elevation=low to moderate elevations
|distribution=N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Fla.;Ga.;Maine;Mass.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bryologist
|publication year=1966
|special status=Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V28/V28_24.xml
|genus=Splachnum
|species=Splachnum pensylvanicum
|apex shape=long-acuminate
|capsule urn coloration=orangebrown
|capsule urn some measurement=0.6mm;0.7mm
|costa prominence=disappearing
|costa reproduction=autoicous;sexual
|exostome tooth coloration=orangebrown;brown
|exostome tooth fusion=connate
|hypophysis coloration=purplish;dark red;greenish
|hypophysis relief=wrinkled
|hypophysis shape=pyriform;globose
|hypophysis width=wide or slightly wider;wide or slightly wider
|leaf arrangement=distant
|leaf shape=long-lanceolate
|leaf some measurement=2.5mm;5mm
|margin architecture=bordered
|margin architecture or shape=entire;serrate
|operculum architecture or shape=apiculate
|operculum shape=conic
|seta coloration=hyaline;light green
|seta course=flexuose
|seta some measurement=0.2cm;1cm
|spore coloration=light green
|spore shape=subspheric
|spore some measurement=7um;11um
|stem some measurement=0.2cm;2.5cm
|whole_organism coloration=green
|whole_organism growth form=plant
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Splachnum]]