View source for Sparganium eurycarpum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sparganium eurycarpum
|accepted_authority=Engelmann in A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. Gray,Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 2)
|place=430. 1856
|year=1856
}}
|common_names=Rubanier à gros fruits
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sparganium californicum
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sparganium erectum subsp. stoloniferum
|authority=(Hamilton ex Graebner) C. D. K. Cook & M. S. Nicholls
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sparganium eurycarpum var. greenei
|authority=(Morong) Graebner
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sparganium greenei
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Sparganiaceae;Sparganium;Sparganium eurycarpum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Sparganiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sparganium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Sparganium eurycarpum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 273
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism fragility;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>robust, to 2.5 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf location;inflorescence location">leaves and inflorescences emergent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf length;leaf width"><b>Leaves </b>erect, keeled but sometimes distally flattened, to 2.5 m × 6–20 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rachis architecture;rachis orientation"><b>Inflorescences:</b> rachis usually branched, erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bract orientation;bract shape">bracts ascending, not basally inflated;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="head architecture;head atypical quantity;head atypical quantity;head quantity;head position;head arrangement;head architecture;head architecture;head diameter">pistillate heads (1–) 2–6 (–8), axillary, not contiguous, peduncled on main rachis, sessile on branches, 1.5–5 cm diam. in fruit;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="head architecture;head quantity;head position;head position;head arrangement;distal inflorescence arrangement">staminate heads 10–40+, on main rachis and branches, lower proximal not contiguous, distal often crowded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tepal shape;subapical spot coloration"><b>Flowers:</b> tepals often with dark subapical spot, entire to subentire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stigma quantity;flower arrangement or course or shape;head quantity">stigmas usually 2, often some flowers in head with 1, linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit reflectance;fruit architecture;fruit shape;body shape;body position;body architecture or shape;body shape;body shape;body size;shoulder prominence;body some measurement;body architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>straw-colored, darkening with age, somewhat lustrous, sessile, obpyramidal, body 3–7-faceted proximal to prominent shoulder, depressed-truncate to somewhat rounded or tapering distally, not constricted at equator, body 5–10 mm and often nearly as wide, gradually or abruptly beaked;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="beak course;beak some measurement;tepal fixation;body variability">beak straight, 2–4 mm, tepals attached at base, reaching to shoulder, about equaling body.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="seed atypical quantity;seed quantity;flower architecture;flower quantity;flower architecture;flower quantity;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1–2 (3), bistigmatic flowers often with 2, unistigmatic flowers with 1.2n = 30.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring–fall summer (Apr–Oct southward, Jun–Jul northward).
|habitat=Lowland marshes, shores, and ditches, mostly in neutral-to-alkaline, hard, and even brackish waters on mud, sand, or gravel, sometimes among boulders on wave-washed shores, tolerant of some desiccation
|elevation=0–1600 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;N.Y.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico (Baja California);e Asia
|discussion=<p>Sparganium eurycarpum grows mostly near the coast (but not in salt marshes) in New England (G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist 1981), mostly in the interior in British Columbia (T. C. Brayshaw 1985), and in coastal and interior sites from Washington to Baja California. It is locally common to abundant in fresh to somewhat brackish waters across the continent but is less frequent toward its northern and southern limits.</p><!--
--><p>Both stigmas of bistigmatic flowers often persist on the fruits, but sometimes one or both break away. The fruits of bistigmatic and 2-ovuled flowers are often larger than those of unistigmatic flowers.</p><!--
--><p>From southern British Columbia to Baja California, especially near the coast but also at scattered sites inland, some plants having fewer bistigmatic flowers and smaller, rounded or tapering fruits have been called Sparganium eurycarpum var. greenei (Morong) Graebner or S. greenei Morong by some authors (e.g., H. L. Mason 1957; T. C. Brayshaw 1985) but not by others (e.g., C. L. Hitchcock 1969et al. 1955–1969, vol. 1; J. L. Reveal 1977A. Cronquist et al. 1972+, vol. 6). Such plants were placed in S. erectum Linnaeus, the strongly polymorphic and ecotypically variable Eurasian vicariant species, as S. erectum subsp. stoloniferum (Hamilton ex Graebner) C. D. K. Cook & M. S. Nicholls (C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls 1987). Sparganium eurycarpum is only weakly distinguished from S. erectum, largely on the basis of relative preponderance of bi- and unistigmatic flowers (± 50% in the two species, respectively), and by concomitant differences in fruit size and shape. In North America, however, some unistigmatic flowers occur among bistigmatic flowers on pistillate heads of many plants throughout the range of S. eurycarpum. Such unistigmatic flowers are common on some west-coast plants and on plants of alkaline marshes of the Great Basin and Great Plains, although there is considerable variation in all three areas. Because of these widespread variations, and in the absence of definitive, rangewide, comparative studies, our plants are here treated as S. eurycarpum. Comparative studies of Eurasian and North American plants, however, perhaps would show that all are best treated as S. erectum, the name with priority, but no such studies have been made.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sparganium eurycarpum
|authority=Engelmann in A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Sparganium californicum;Sparganium erectum subsp. stoloniferum;Sparganium eurycarpum var. greenei;Sparganium greenei
|basionyms=
|family=Sparganiaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring–fall summer (Apr–Oct southward, Jun–Jul northward).
|habitat=Lowland marshes, shores, and ditches, mostly in neutral-to-alkaline, hard, and even brackish waters on mud, sand, or gravel, sometimes among boulders on wave-washed shores, tolerant of some desiccation
|elevation=0–1600 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;N.Y.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico (Baja California);e Asia
|reference=None
|publication title=in A. Gray,Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (ed. 2)
|publication year=1856
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/62857cf6bca5c4637d27b113da92d27dbf9962f4/V22/V22_474.xml
|genus=Sparganium
|species=Sparganium eurycarpum
|2n chromosome quantity=30
|beak course=straight
|beak some measurement=2mm;4mm
|body architecture or shape=beaked;depressed-truncate
|body position=proximal
|body shape=tapering;rounded;3-7-faceted
|body size=not constricted
|body some measurement=5mm;10mm
|body variability=equaling
|bract orientation=ascending
|bract shape=inflated
|distal inflorescence arrangement=crowded
|flower architecture=unistigmatic;bistigmatic
|flower arrangement or course or shape=linear
|flower quantity=1;2
|fruit architecture=sessile
|fruit coloration=darkening;straw-colored
|fruit reflectance=lustrous
|fruit shape=obpyramidal
|head architecture=staminate;sessile;peduncled;pistillate
|head arrangement=not contiguous;not contiguous
|head atypical quantity=6;8
|head diameter=1.5cm;5cm
|head position=proximal;lower;axillary
|head quantity=1;10;40
|inflorescence location=emergent
|leaf length=0m;2.5m
|leaf location=emergent
|leaf orientation=erect
|leaf shape=flattened;keeled
|leaf width=6mm;20mm
|rachis architecture=branched
|rachis orientation=erect
|seed atypical quantity=3
|seed quantity=1;2
|shoulder prominence=prominent
|stigma quantity=2
|subapical spot coloration=dark
|tepal fixation=attached
|tepal shape=entire;subentire
|whole_organism fragility=robust
|whole_organism growth form=plant
|whole_organism some measurement=0m;2.5m
}}<!--

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