View source for Oxalis pes-caprae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Oxalis pes-caprae
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 434. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=African wood-sorrel;Bermuda buttercup;soursob
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Oxalis cernua
|authority=Thunberg
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Oxalidaceae;Oxalis;Oxalis pes-caprae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Oxalidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Oxalis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Oxalis pes-caprae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 135
|treatment_page=page 146
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;rhizome presence;rhizome orientation;rhizome coloration;rhizome shape;stolon presence;bulb architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Herbs </b>perennial, acaulous, rhizomes present vertical, white, rootlike, stolons absent, bulb usually solitary, sometimes with bulblets at base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="">bulb scales not observed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf presence"><b>Leaves </b>basal, rarely absent at flowering;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole some measurement">petiole 3–12 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaflet quantity;leaflet coloration;leaflet coloration;leaflet shape;leaflet atypical some measurement;leaflet some measurement;leaflet shape;leaflet length;spot coloration;lobe shape;margin pubescence;abaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface pubescence;oxalate deposit presence">leaflets 3, green, rarely mottled with purplish red spots, angular-obcordate, (5–) 7–20 mm, lobed 1/4–2/5 length, lobes apically convex, margins and abaxial surface villous, adaxial surface glabrous, oxalate deposits absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;cyme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>umbelliform cymes, 2–12 (–20) -flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="scape shape;scape some measurement;scape pubescence">scapes often becoming fistulose proximally, 15–30 cm, sparsely villous to pilose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>tristylous in diploids and tetraploids, consistently short-styled in pentaploids;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="tubercle quantity;tubercle coloration">sepal apices with 2 orange tubercles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal depth;petal coloration;petal some measurement">petals deep golden yellow, 15–20 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties=""><b>Capsules </b>not seen.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 14, 28, 35.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Nov–Apr.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, orchards, fields, grasslands, oak woodlands, coastal sage, dunes.
|elevation=10–500 m.
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;s Africa;also in West Indies;Bermuda;South America;Europe;Asia (China);Asia (Iran);Asia (Turkey);n Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Outside its native range, Oxalis pes-caprae is mostly represented by a sterile pentaploid morph, although tetraploids also are known. The occurrence of both pentaploid and tetraploid individuals in the exotic range may be the result of independent introductions (P. Michael 1964; R. Ornduff 1986). Fruit production has not been observed in North America, and the plants are assumed to be seed-sterile (Ornduff 1987). Bulbs of O. pes-caprae are rarely collected, as they detach easily from the vertical, rootlike stems. Each bulb may produce over 20, small, whitish bulblets each year. Bulblets may also be formed at the soil surface crown.</p><!--
--><p>Oxalis pes-caprae was reported by J. K. Small (1933) to occur in waste places and cultivated grounds in northern Florida, but as noted by D. B. Ward (2004), no Florida specimens are known.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=galil1968a
|text=Galil, J. 1968. Vegetative dispersal in Oxalis cernua. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 787–792.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ornduff1986a
|text=Ornduff, R. 1986. The origin of weediness in Oxalis pes-caprae. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 779–780.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ornduff1987a
|text=Ornduff, R. 1987. Reproductive systems and chromosome races of Oxalis pes-caprae L. and their bearing on the genesis of a noxious weed. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 79–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=putz1994a
|text=Putz, N. 1994. Vegetative spreading of Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 191: 57–67.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Oxalis pes-caprae
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Oxalis cernua
|basionyms=
|family=Oxalidaceae
|phenology=Flowering Nov–Apr.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, orchards, fields, grasslands, oak woodlands, coastal sage, dunes.
|elevation=10–500 m.
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;s Africa;also in West Indies;Bermuda;South America;Europe;Asia (China);Asia (Iran);Asia (Turkey);n Africa;Australia
|introduced=true
|reference=galil1968a;ornduff1986a;ornduff1987a;putz1994a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Weedy;Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_874.xml
|genus=Oxalis
|species=Oxalis pes-caprae
|2n chromosome quantity=35;28;14
|abaxial surface pubescence=villous
|adaxial surface pubescence=glabrous
|bulb architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|cyme architecture=umbelliform
|flower architecture=short-styled
|inflorescence architecture=2-12(-20)-flowered
|leaf position=basal
|leaf presence=absent
|leaflet atypical some measurement=5mm;7mm
|leaflet coloration=mottled;green
|leaflet length=1/4;2/5
|leaflet quantity=3
|leaflet shape=lobed;angular-obcordate
|leaflet some measurement=7mm;20mm
|lobe shape=convex
|margin pubescence=villous
|oxalate deposit presence=absent
|petal coloration=golden yellow
|petal depth=deep
|petal some measurement=15mm;20mm
|petiole some measurement=3cm;12cm
|rhizome coloration=white
|rhizome orientation=vertical
|rhizome presence=absent
|rhizome shape=rootlike
|scape pubescence=sparsely villous;pilose
|scape shape=fistulose
|scape some measurement=15cm;30cm
|spot coloration=purplish red
|stolon presence=absent
|tubercle coloration=orange
|tubercle quantity=2
|whole_organism architecture=acaulous
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Oxalis]]