View source for Limnophila

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Limnophila
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Prodr.,
|place=442. 1810
|year=1810
}}
|common_names=Ambulia
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Limnophila
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Limnophila]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek limne, pool, and philos, loving, alluding to habitat
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 12, 14, 272, 275, 279
|treatment_page=page 271
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole-organism location"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial [annual], paludal or aquatic, emergent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect [prostrate, creeping], hairy or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf growth form"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, opposite or whorled, dimorphic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence">petiole present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade texture;blade texture;margin shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;leaf location;leaf location">blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins of submerged leaves pinnatifid, of aerial leaves entire, serrate, or pinnatifid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form;raceme arrangement;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, racemes or flowers solitary, rarely paired [or spikes];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bract presence;bract presence">bracts present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole presence;bracteole presence">bracteoles present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual, chasmogamous or cleistogamous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;calyx architecture or shape;calyx shape;lobe shape;lobe shape">sepals 5, basally connate, calyx bilaterally symmetric, tubular, lobes triangular or lanceolate [ovate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla coloration;corolla architecture or shape;corolla architecture;corolla shape;corolla shape;tube base shape;tube base shape;lobe quantity;lobe quantity;abaxial lobe quantity;adaxial lobe quantity;adaxial lobe quantity">corolla blue, blue-purple, or white, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular or funnelform, tube base not gibbous or spurred, lobes 4 or 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 1 or 2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion;stamen architecture;filament pubescence;filament pubescence">stamens 4, basally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="staminode presence">staminode 0;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation">ovary 2-locular, placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape;stigma shape">stigma capitate, 2-lobed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, dehiscence septicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed coloration;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>20–200, brown to dark-brown, conic to cylindric, wings absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="wing presence;wing quantity">× = 17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;also in South America
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 40 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The two species recognized here could be difficult to distinguish throughout their ranges; intermediate plants, which are believed to be hybrids, have been found.</p><!--
--><p>Limnophila is closely related to Hydrotriche Zuccarini, a small genus of aquatic plants native to Madagascar. Together they form a group sister to Gratiola in Gratioleae (D. Estes and R. L. Small 2008).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=philcox1970a
|text=Philcox, D. 1970. A taxonomic revision of the genus Limnophila R. Br. (Scrophulariaceae). Kew Bull. 24: 101–170.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels 3–8 mm in flower, 5–12 mm in fruit; bracteoles 1–3.5 mm; corolla tubes 4–5(–8) mm; cleistogamous flowers absent.
|[[Limnophila indica|Limnophila indica]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicels 0–2 mm in flower, 0–4 mm in fruit; bracteoles 0–1.5 mm; corolla tubes 8–10 mm; cleistogamous flowers present, submerged.
|[[Limnophila sessiliflora|Limnophila sessiliflora]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Limnophila
|author=Kerry A. Barringer
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;also in South America
|introduced=true
|reference=philcox1970a
|publication title=Prodr.,
|publication year=1810
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V17/V17_655.xml
|genus=Limnophila
|abaxial lobe quantity=3
|adaxial lobe quantity=2;1
|blade texture=not leathery;not fleshy
|bract presence=absent;absent
|bracteole presence=absent;absent
|calyx architecture or shape=symmetric
|calyx shape=tubular
|corolla architecture=bilabiate
|corolla architecture or shape=symmetric
|corolla coloration=white;blue-purple;white;blue-purple;blue
|corolla shape=funnel;tubular
|filament pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower arrangement=paired
|flower reproduction=cleistogamous;chasmogamous;bisexual
|fruits capsule dehiscence=septicidal
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite
|leaf growth form=dimorphic
|leaf location=aerial;submerged
|leaf position=cauline
|lobe quantity=5;4
|lobe shape=lanceolate;triangular
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=pinnatifid;serrate;pinnatifid;serrate;pinnatifid
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|ovary placentation=axile
|pedicel presence=absent;absent
|petiole presence=absent;absent
|raceme architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|raceme arrangement=paired
|seed coloration=brown;dark-brown
|seed quantity=20;200
|seed shape=conic;cylindric
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|stamen architecture=didynamous
|stamen fusion=adnate
|stamen quantity=4
|staminode presence=absent
|stem orientation=erect
|stem pubescence=glabrous;hairy
|stigma architecture or shape=capitate
|stigma shape=2-lobed
|tube base shape=spurred;not gibbous
|whole-organism location=emergent
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|wing presence=absent
|wing quantity=17
}}<!--

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