View source for Grimmia elatior

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Grimmia elatior
|accepted_authority=Bruch ex Balsamo-Crivelli & De Notaris
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino
|place=40: 340. 1838,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia cognata
|authority=Cardot & Thérot
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia grandis
|authority=Kindberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia papillosa
|authority=(Warnstorf) Kindberg
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Grimmiaceae;Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae;Grimmia;Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia;Grimmia elatior
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Grimmiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Grimmia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Grimmia elatior]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 230, 247, 249, 251, 256
|treatment_page=page 250
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;tuft fragility;tuft coloration;tuft architecture or fragility;tuft pubescence;tuft dehiscence"><b>Plants </b>in robust, dark green to blackish green, loose, hoary, readily disintegrating tufts.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem some measurement;central strand presence"><b>Stems </b>1–5 cm, central strand absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf fixation or orientation;leaf architecture;leaf orientation;leaf shape;leaf shape;leaf length;leaf width;leaf shape;margin orientation;awn size or length;awn shape;costa fragility;costa shape;costa orientation"><b>Leaves </b>loosely appressed to slightly twisted when dry, erectopatent when moist, lanceolate to ovatelanceolate, tapering to acute apex, 2–3.0 × 0.5–0.7 mm, keeled, margin broadly recurved on one side, awns short to long and weakly denticulate, costa weak at base, channeled distally, projecting on abaxial side;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="laminal cell height or length or size;laminal cell shape;laminal cell shape;laminal cell architecture">basal juxtacostal laminal cells short to long-rectangular, sinuose-nodulose, thick-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="basal marginal laminal cell shape;basal marginal laminal cell width;basal marginal laminal cell architecture">basal marginal laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, thin to thick-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell architecture;medial laminal cell architecture">medial laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, sinuose, thick-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="distal laminal cell architecture;band width;band prominence;band architecture;margin architecture;margin width;areolation coloration;areolation relief;cell shape;cell architecture">distal laminal cells 2-stratose with thick, prominent multistratose bands, margins multistratose and thick, areolation very opaque with rounded thick-walled cells, occasionally papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties=""><b>Gemmae </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="gemma presence;gemma reproduction;gemma reproduction"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="seta course or shape;seta some measurement"><b>Seta </b>arcuate, 2–3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="capsule presence;capsule location;capsule position;capsule coloration;capsule shape;capsule coloration or pubescence or relief;exothecial cell architecture;annulus presence;operculum shape;peristome tooth coloration or density;peristome tooth relief"><b>Capsule </b>occasionally present, emergent to exserted, brown, obloid, striate, exothecial cells thin-walled, annulus present, operculum rostrate, peristome teeth purple, deeply split, papillose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="calyptra shape"><b>Calyptra </b>mitrate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Exposed, dry acidic rock and occasionally basic limestone
|elevation=moderate to high elevations (500-4500 m)
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Yukon;Colo.;Mont.;N.J.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;Eurasia;Africa
|discussion=<p>Grimmia elatior is fairly common in the Canadian Rockies and in the western United States. It is predominantly bound to the Rocky Mountain area in Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. In eastern North America it is known only from a site in New Jersey. It can be recognized easily by its robust habit, usually growing in dark green, extended patches on various types of acidic rock, like gneiss, granite, and sandstone. While it is often described as having papillae, most North American specimens do not have them. E. M. Mair (2002) reported that papillae were strongly expressed in harsh conditions but many specimens from the alpine in both the Yukon and Colorado lack papillae. The widespread but uncommon western species G. leibergii is commonly mistaken for G. elatior. However, the former has both leaf margins recurved, its lamina is 1-stratose with only 2-stratose margins, and its basal juxtacostal cells are elongate to linear; in G. elatior there is only one recurved leaf margin, its lamina is 2-stratose with multistratose bands and margins, and its basal juxtacostal cells are only short- to long-rectangular. The length of the awn in G. elatior is quite variable; plants with nearly muticous leaves and plants with very long awns may be found growing close together. There is also some resemblance to G. pilifera, widespread in Asia and eastern North America. The latter, however, has immersed capsules, both margins are recurved, and its lamina does not have multistratose bands.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Grimmia elatior
|authority=Bruch ex Balsamo-Crivelli & De Notaris
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Grimmia cognata;Grimmia grandis;Grimmia papillosa
|basionyms=
|family=Grimmiaceae
|habitat=Exposed, dry acidic rock and occasionally basic limestone
|elevation=moderate to high elevations (500-4500 m)
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Yukon;Colo.;Mont.;N.J.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;Eurasia;Africa
|reference=None
|publication title=Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_344.xml
|subfamily=Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae
|genus=Grimmia
|subgenus=Grimmia subg. Rhabdogrimmia
|species=Grimmia elatior
|annulus presence=absent
|areolation coloration=opaque
|areolation relief=papillose
|awn shape=denticulate
|awn size or length=short to long
|band architecture=multistratose
|band prominence=prominent
|band width=thick
|basal marginal laminal cell architecture=thick-walled
|basal marginal laminal cell shape=quadrate;short-rectangular
|basal marginal laminal cell width=thin
|calyptra shape=mitrate
|capsule coloration=brown
|capsule coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|capsule location=emergent
|capsule position=exserted
|capsule presence=absent
|capsule shape=obloid
|cell architecture=thick-walled
|cell shape=rounded
|central strand presence=absent
|costa fragility=weak
|costa orientation=projecting
|costa shape=channeled
|distal laminal cell architecture=2-stratose
|exothecial cell architecture=thin-walled
|gemma presence=absent
|gemma reproduction=dioicous;sexual
|laminal cell architecture=thick-walled
|laminal cell height or length or size=short
|laminal cell shape=sinuose-nodulose;long-rectangular
|leaf architecture=twisted
|leaf fixation or orientation=appressed
|leaf length=2mm;3.0mm
|leaf orientation=erectopatent
|leaf shape=keeled;lanceolate;ovatelanceolate tapering
|leaf width=0.5mm;0.7mm
|margin architecture=multistratose
|margin orientation=recurved
|margin width=thick
|medial laminal cell architecture=thick-walled;sinuose
|medial laminal cell shape=quadrate;short-rectangular
|operculum shape=rostrate
|peristome tooth coloration or density=purple
|peristome tooth relief=papillose
|seta course or shape=arcuate
|seta some measurement=2mm;3mm
|stem some measurement=1cm;5cm
|tuft architecture or fragility=loose
|tuft coloration=dark green;blackish green
|tuft dehiscence=disintegrating
|tuft fragility=robust
|tuft pubescence=hoary
|whole_organism growth form=plant
}}<!--

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