View source for Grimmia arizonae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Grimmia arizonae
|accepted_authority=Renauld & Cardot
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Rev. Bryol.
|place=19: 85. 1892,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grimmia santaritae
|authority=E. B. Bartram
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Grimmiaceae;Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae;Grimmia;Grimmia subg. Guembelia;Grimmia arizonae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Grimmiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Grimmia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Grimmia subg. Guembelia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Grimmia arizonae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 230, 235, 241, 245
|treatment_page=page 240
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism coloration;whole_organism growth form;tuft pubescence"><b>Plants </b>in hoary tufts, olivaceous to dark blue-green.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem some measurement;central strand fragility"><b>Stems </b>1–3 cm, central strand strong.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf shape;leaf length;leaf width;leaf shape;margin orientation;margin architecture or shape;awn some measurement;costal transverse-section prominence;costal transverse-section shape"><b>Leaves </b>ovatelanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.6–0.7 mm, keeled, one margin recurved proximally (occasionally both), sheathing, awn 0.5–1.5 mm, costal transverse-section prominent, reniform to semicircular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="laminal cell shape;laminal cell architecture;laminal cell architecture">basal juxtacostal laminal cells long-rectangular to linear, sinuose, thick-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="basal marginal laminal cell shape;basal marginal laminal cell course;basal marginal laminal cell width;basal marginal laminal cell dehiscence or orientation;basal marginal laminal cell coloration;lateral wall width">basal marginal laminal cells short-rectangular, straight, thick transverse and thin lateral walls, hyaline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="medial laminal cell shape;medial laminal cell architecture;medial laminal cell architecture">medial laminal cells short-rectangular, sinuose, thick-walled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="distal laminal cell architecture;distal laminal cell pubescence or shape">distal laminal cells 2-stratose, not bulging, marginal cells 2-stratose, not bulging.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="marginal cell architecture;marginal cell pubescence or shape;marginal cell reproduction;whole-organism reproduction;perichaetial leaf size"><b>Sexual </b>condition dioicous, perichaetial leaves not enlarged.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="seta course;seta some measurement"><b>Seta </b>straight, 0.5–0.7 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="capsule presence;capsule prominence;capsule coloration;capsule shape;exothecial cell shape;exothecial cell architecture;stoma presence;row quantity;row quantity;cell shape;cell architecture;operculum shape;peristome presence;peristome architecture"><b>Capsule </b>occasionally present, immersed, yellow, oblong-ovoid, exothecial cells quadrate, thin-walled, stomata present in 2–3 rows, annulus of 2 rows of rectangular, thick-walled cells, operculum long-rostrate, peristome present, perforate in middle, split in distal half.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Exposed, dry, basalt and acidic granite, rarely on sandstone
|elevation=high elevations (1800-2700 m)
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Kans.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico
|discussion=<p>Grimmia arizonae is endemic to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. It has a highly restricted distribution in North America, being found in mountainous areas in southeastern Arizona to the Rocky Mountain Front Ranges of western Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. It has disjunct sites in western Oklahoma and central California.</p><!--
--><p>Grimmia arizonae is part of a group that includes G. longirostris and G. pilifera. Its sheathing leaf bases, dioicous sexuality and immersed capsules will separate it from G. longirostris. The separation of G. arizonae from G. pilifera, however, has often proven problematic. Grimmia pilifera has been described as having strongly keeled leaves and margins 2–3-stratose, thicker than the medial lamina. (e.g., H. A. Crum 1994c). H. C. Greven (1999) added usually with short-awned, ovate-lanceolate leaves. Grimmia arizonae has less keeled leaves and margins 2-stratose, not thicker than lamina. Greven noted its usually long awns and broadly lanceolate leaves. J. Muñoz (1999), however, synonymized these species, attributing any differences to geographical variations and sexual development. He reported that in eastern North America, and in shade, G. pilifera has long, acuminate apices and distinct ovate bases. In the West, and in sun, its leaves are lanceolate and without distinct bases. We would call these specimens G. arizonae. To Muñoz, the presence or absence of a central strand, is “too variable to be reliable;” he reported that fertile stems have a distinct strand, sterile stems have none. In contrast, in the present study, Hastings found the stem central strand reliable to separate these species. There is no correlation between sexual maturity and strand development; specimens of G. pilifera lack a central strand. Further, the stem epidermis is consistently twice as thick as it is in G. arizonae. Hastings found western specimens, in full sun, that lack a central strand typical of eastern specimens named G. pilifera. Many sterile specimens from Arizona have a central strand, but sterile or fertile, specimens in eastern North America do not have one. Based on these observations, G. arizonae and G. pilifera are not synonymous. Grimmia arizonae differs from G. pilifera by having a central strand, a thin epidermis, and 2-stratose distal lamina with 2-stratose not-thickened margins.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Grimmia arizonae
|authority=Renauld & Cardot
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Grimmia santaritae
|basionyms=
|family=Grimmiaceae
|habitat=Exposed, dry, basalt and acidic granite, rarely on sandstone
|elevation=high elevations (1800-2700 m)
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Kans.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico
|reference=None
|publication title=Rev. Bryol.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V27/V27_328.xml
|subfamily=Grimmiaceae subfam. Grimmioideae
|genus=Grimmia
|subgenus=Grimmia subg. Guembelia
|species=Grimmia arizonae
|awn some measurement=0.5mm;1.5mm
|basal marginal laminal cell coloration=hyaline
|basal marginal laminal cell course=straight
|basal marginal laminal cell dehiscence or orientation=transverse
|basal marginal laminal cell shape=short-rectangular
|basal marginal laminal cell width=thick
|capsule coloration=yellow
|capsule presence=absent
|capsule prominence=immersed
|capsule shape=oblong-ovoid
|cell architecture=thick-walled
|cell shape=rectangular
|central strand fragility=strong
|costal transverse-section prominence=prominent
|costal transverse-section shape=reniform;semicircular
|distal laminal cell architecture=2-stratose
|distal laminal cell pubescence or shape=not bulging
|exothecial cell architecture=thin-walled
|exothecial cell shape=quadrate
|laminal cell architecture=thick-walled;sinuose
|laminal cell shape=long-rectangular;linear
|lateral wall width=thin
|leaf length=1.5mm;3mm
|leaf shape=keeled;ovatelanceolate
|leaf width=0.6mm;0.7mm
|margin architecture or shape=sheathing
|margin orientation=recurved
|marginal cell architecture=2-stratose
|marginal cell pubescence or shape=not bulging
|marginal cell reproduction=sexual
|medial laminal cell architecture=thick-walled;sinuose
|medial laminal cell shape=short-rectangular
|operculum shape=long-rostrate
|perichaetial leaf size=not enlarged
|peristome architecture=perforate
|peristome presence=absent
|row quantity=2;2;3
|seta course=straight
|seta some measurement=0.5mm;0.7mm
|stem some measurement=1cm;3cm
|stoma presence=absent
|tuft pubescence=hoary
|whole-organism reproduction=dioicous
|whole_organism coloration=olivaceous;dark blue-green
|whole_organism growth form=plant
}}<!--

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