View source for Emex ← Emex You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Emex |accepted_authority=Necker ex Campderá |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Monogr. Rumex, |place=56, plate 1, fig. 1. 1819 |year=1819 }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Emex |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Emex]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin, ex, and Rumex, alluding to segregation from that genus |volume=Volume 5 |mention_page=page 216, 218, 480, 486 |treatment_page=page 487 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form">taprooted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>prostrate to erect, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;cauline leaf arrangement;cauline leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous, cauline, alternate, petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="ocreum duration;ocreum pubescence or texture">ocrea often deciduous, chartaceous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;margin shape;margin shape">blade subhastate, triangular, or ovate to ovate-oblong, margins entire to obscurely crenulate or dentate, sometimes undulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence position;inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal and axillary, racemelike, pedunculate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel quantity;flower architecture;flower presence;flower architecture"><b>Pedicels </b>present on staminate flowers, absent or nearly so on pistillate flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;whole_organism quantity;whole_organism growth form;flower architecture;flower architecture;base shape"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, all plants having both staminate and pistillate flowers, the two types segregated in different inflorescences, base not stipelike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth size;perianth size;perianth coloration;perianth shape;perianth pubescence">perianth accrescent (pistillate) or nonaccrescent (staminate), greenish, campanulate, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal atypical quantity;tepal quantity;tepal architecture;tepal growth form;flower architecture">tepals (5–) 6, sepaloid, dimorphic, especially in pistillate flowers.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;flower quantity;flower position or structure subtype;flower position"><b>Staminate </b>flowers 1–8 per ocreate fascicle, terminal and axillary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tepal fusion;tepal size">tepals distinct, subequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 4–6;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="filament fusion;filament fusion;filament pubescence">filaments distinct, free, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="anther coloration;anther shape">anthers yellowish to reddish, elliptic to ovate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="flower architecture;flower quantity;flower position"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers 1–7 per ocreate fascicle, axillary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="tepal fusion;outer tepal quantity;outer tepal quantity;outer tepal orientation;outer tepal relief;spine fragility or size;fruit fragility or size;inner tepal fragility or size">tepals connate basally, outer 3 each with apex ending in a stout spine in fruit, inner 3 erect, tuberculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style quantity;style orientation;style fusion">styles 3, erect, distinct;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="stigma shape">stigmas penicillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="achene coloration;achene architecture;achene shape;achene pubescence;perianth texture"><b>Achenes </b>included in indurate perianth, brown, not winged, 3-gonous, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties=""><b>Seeds:</b> embryo curved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="embryo course;x chromosome quantity">x = 10.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=tropical to subtropical or temperate regions;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands |introduced=true |discussion=<p>Species 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Both species of Emex are on the United States federal noxious weed list. Emex australis appears to be a more serious threat to agriculture and livestock production than does E. spinosa, based on experience in other parts of the world. The former is a serious agricultural pest in southern Australia, where it was introduced in the 1830s. Emex spinosa also was introduced there, apparently in the mid-1900s. The two species were formerly geographically isolated, but hybrids between them have recently been reported in Australia (E. Putievsky et al. 1980). Hybrids exhibit irregular meiosis and high sterility when self-pollinated; backcrosses with either parent often yield viable seeds.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Fruiting perianths 7-9 × 9-10 mm, spines 5-10 mm; inner tepals of pistillate flowers broadly triangular-ovate, apex mucronate |[[Emex australis|Emex australis]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Fruiting perianths 5-6 × 5-6 mm, spines 2-4 mm; inner tepals of pistillate flowers linear-lanceolate, apex acute |[[Emex spinosa|Emex spinosa]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Emex |author=Craig C. Freeman |authority=Necker ex Campderá |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Polygonaceae |illustrator=Bee F. Gunn |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=tropical to subtropical or temperate regions;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Pacific Islands |introduced=true |reference=None |publication title=Monogr. Rumex, |publication year=1819 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V5/V5_1015.xml |subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae |genus=Emex |achene architecture=not winged |achene coloration=brown |achene pubescence=glabrous |achene shape=3-gonous |anther coloration=yellowish;reddish |anther shape=elliptic;ovate |base shape=not stipelike |blade shape=ovate;ovate-oblong |cauline leaf architecture=petiolate |cauline leaf arrangement=alternate |embryo course=curved |filament fusion=free;distinct |filament pubescence=glabrous |flower architecture=pistillate;staminate;pistillate;pistillate;staminate;pistillate;staminate |flower position=axillary;axillary |flower position or structure subtype=terminal |flower presence=absent |flower quantity=1;7 |flower reproduction=unisexual |fruit fragility or size=stout |inflorescence architecture=pedunculate |inflorescence position=axillary |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |inflorescence shape=racemelike |inner tepal fragility or size=stout |leaf duration=deciduous |margin shape=undulate;entire;obscurely crenulate or dentate |ocreum duration=deciduous |ocreum pubescence or texture=chartaceous |outer tepal orientation=erect |outer tepal quantity=3;3 |outer tepal relief=tuberculate |pedicel presence=absent |pedicel quantity=nearly |perianth coloration=greenish |perianth pubescence=glabrous |perianth shape=campanulate |perianth size=nonaccrescent;accrescent |perianth texture=indurate |spine fragility or size=stout |stamen quantity=4;6 |stem orientation=prostrate;erect |stem pubescence=glabrous |stigma shape=penicillate |style fusion=distinct |style orientation=erect |style quantity=3 |tepal architecture=sepaloid |tepal atypical quantity=5;6 |tepal fusion=connate;distinct |tepal growth form=dimorphic |tepal quantity=6 |tepal size=subequal |whole_organism architecture=taprooted |whole_organism duration=annual |whole_organism growth form=plant;herb |whole_organism quantity=2 |x chromosome quantity=10 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Polygonaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Emex.