View source for Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus
|accepted_authority=
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sida
|place=18: 184. 1998
|year=1998
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Crataegus;Crataegus sect. Douglasia;Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crataegus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Crataegus sect. Douglasia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 503, 504, 552
|treatment_page=page 502
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism atypical some measurement;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, (20–) 30–60 (–100) dm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="growth life cycle;growth pubescence;growth pubescence;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration;growth coloration"><b>Stems:</b> twigs: new growth glabrous or densely pubescent, 1-year old deep reddish-brown, brown, or purple-brown, older gray to dark gray, sometimes orangebrown overlaid with gray;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark life cycle;bark some measurement;branch width;branch coloration;lenticel prominence;lenticel orientation;lenticel presence">bark on younger 2–5 cm thick branches mainly dark gray-brown, conspicuous horizontal lenticels absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="thorn orientation;thorn quantity;thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn reflectance;thorn size;thorn atypical some measurement;thorn some measurement;twig course">thorns on twigs straight to recurved, 2 years old dark-brown, redbrown, or blackish brown, shiny, slender to stout, 2–5 (–7) cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole some measurement;petiole pubescence;petiole pubescence;petiole life cycle;petiole architecture;petiole architecture;gland coloration"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 1–3 cm, glabrous or sparsely hairy young, eglandular or glandular, glands black;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade some measurement;blade texture;blade width;base shape;lobe quantity;lobe prominence;sinuse depth;lobe apex shape;margin architecture or shape;tooth architecture;vein quantity;vein prominence;plant architecture;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;abaxial surface pubescence;abaxial surface pubescence;abaxial surface pubescence;abaxial surface pubescence;vein pubescence;vein pubescence;adaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface life cycle;adaxial surface pubescence">blade ± rhombic to elliptic-oblong or ovate-rhombic, sometimes suborbiculate, 3–8 cm, coriaceous or thin, base cuneate to ± rounded, lobes (0 or) 1–4 per side, obscure to evident, sinuses shallow to deep, lobe apex acute or ± subacute to ± rounded, margins serrate except at base, teeth with gland-dots, venation craspedodromous, veins (3 or) 4–6 (or 7) per side, ± impressed in coriaceous-leaved plants, apex usually acute, sometimes subacute or obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrate, sometimes subglabrous or glabrescent, veins hairy or not, adaxial scabrous-hairy young, sometimes glabrescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>(5–) 8–25-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="branch pubescence;branch pubescence">branches usually sparsely villous, sometimes glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole duration;bracteole arrangement or course or shape;bracteole texture;margin architecture or function or pubescence;margin architecture">bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins glandular, sometimes nearly eglandular.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower diameter;flower diameter;flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>(10–) 12–18 (–22) mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="hypanthium pubescence;hypanthium pubescence">hypanthium glabrous or pubescent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sepal atypical some measurement;sepal some measurement;margin shape;margin architecture or shape">sepals (2.5–) 4–7 mm, margins denticulate to finely, sometimes strongly, glandular-serrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;anther coloration;anther coloration;anther coloration">stamens 5 or 10 (–20), anthers white to ivory, cream, or pink;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="style quantity">styles 2–5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pome pubescence;pome pubescence"><b>Pomes </b>bright red to purple (late Aug), reddish purple to deep purple, often nearly black (late Sep), ± orbicular to ellipsoid, ellipsoid-urceolate, ± oblong, or ovoid, (7–) 8–10 (–15) mm diam., sparsely hairy or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="sepal prominence;sepal size;sepal orientation;sepal orientation">sepals prominent, usually accrescent (except in C. williamsii), erect-patent, sometimes ± reflexed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pyrene quantity;side shape;side relief">pyrenes 2–4 (or 5), sides plane to deeply pitted.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America
|discussion=<p>Species 8 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Members of ser. Purpureofructus occur from the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and Washington east to Montana and southern Saskatchewan. Most species are locally common.</p><!--
--><p>Plants of ser. Purpureofructus share characteristics with those of ser. Douglasianae, but the thorns are usually considerably longer, the partly ripe fruit color is more likely to be red, even bright red, in late August, and the fruiting sepals are usually accrescent. Crataegus williamsii is an exception (see comments there). Several species of ser. Purpureofructus have been shown to have alloploid origin between members of ser. Douglasianae and sect. Coccineae or Macracanthae (M. Zarrei and T. A. Dickinson, pers. comm.). In late summer and fall, the usually abundant fruit of ser. Purpureofructus may turn from bright red to deep purple, and the leaves in some manifest brilliant coloring in bronze, burgundy, and yellow.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pomes usually short-ellipsoid, pale red young, bright red (late Aug), deepening to oxblood red or darker mature, sepals spreading to reflexed, not thickened or enlarged; anthers pink; nw Montana.
|[[Crataegus williamsii|Crataegus williamsii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pomes ± orbicular to ellipsoid or nearly ovoid, dull reddish, brick red, bright red, or purplish young (mid Aug), bright red to purple (late Aug), deepening to deep burgundy or purple to black mature (Sep), sepals suberect and sometimes incurved to erect-patent, spreading to erect, ± accrescent; anthers pink, white, or ivory; mainly of the Okanagan or Cypress Hills, only C. phippsii extending to nw Montana
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades of a wider form, broadly elliptic to suborbiculate or ovate to broadly deltate-ovate, lobe apices ± subacute or rounded to broadly angled
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades narrowly ovate to elliptic-rhombic or elliptic, or ovate to ovate-rhombic, lobe apices usually acute
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades broadly elliptic to suborbiculate, lobes short-triangular, (pale green at anthesis); inflorescences sparsely villous, sometimes glabrate distally; pomes 7–10 mm diam., ± oblong, brick red (late Aug) becoming deep burgundy (Sep).
|[[Crataegus orbicularis|Crataegus orbicularis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades broadly elliptic to ovate or broadly deltate-ovate, lobes rounded to broadly angled, (mid green at anthesis); inflorescences densely short-tomentose; pomes 12 mm diam., ± orbicular to broadly ovoid, red to plum purple (Aug) becoming nearly black (Sep).
|[[Crataegus phippsii|Crataegus phippsii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Thorns on twigs usually ± stout, 2–4(–5) cm; leaf blades ± ovate to ovate-rhombic or ± oblong, ± coriaceous; anthers cream or ivory, sometimes very pale pink; sepals in fruit erect-patent to reflexed; pomes bright to deeper red (late Aug) becoming dark purple (Sep)
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Thorns on twigs usually ± slender, 3–5(–7) cm; leaf blades broadly elliptic to narrowly ovate or trullate-ovate to broadly elliptic-rhombic, thin or coriaceous; anthers pink, sometimes white; sepals in fruit suberect, erect-recurved, or spreading, (herbaceous); pomes deep red to purple (late Aug), deep burgundy to nearly black (Sep)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades 3.5–6 cm, ± coriaceous, venation ± impressed adaxially, (flattish to strongly concave, mid green until fall).
|[[Crataegus okanaganensis|Crataegus okanaganensis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blades 4–8 cm, softly coriaceous, venation impressed adaxially, (flattish to convex, deep green until fall).
|[[Crataegus enderbyensis|Crataegus enderbyensis]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves matte, lobes small, max LII ca. 10%; flowers 10–14 mm diam.; pomes dull; n Okanagan.
|[[Crataegus atrovirens|Crataegus atrovirens]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves shiny, lobes larger, max LII 15–25%; flowers 15–18 mm diam.; pomes dull or glossy; Cypress Hills and Bear's Paw Mountains
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Anthers pale pink to pink; bark on 2–5 cm thick branches gray-brown; leaves ± coriaceous, lobe apices acute, max LII 15–25%; pomes glabrate or moderately to densely pubescent, dull.
|[[Crataegus aquacervensis|Crataegus aquacervensis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Anthers white; bark on 2–5 cm thick branches orange-brown; leaves thin, lobe apices acute to ± rounded, max LII ca. 15%; pomes glabrous, glossy.
|[[Crataegus cupressocollina|Crataegus cupressocollina]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus
|authority=
|rank=series
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=w North America
|reference=None
|publication title=Sida
|publication year=1998
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_845.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae
|genus=Crataegus
|section=Crataegus sect. Douglasia
|series=Crataegus (sect. Douglasia) ser. Purpureofructus
|abaxial surface pubescence=glabrescent;subglabrous;glabrate;glabrous
|adaxial surface life cycle=young
|adaxial surface pubescence=glabrescent;scabrous-hairy
|anther coloration=white;ivory cream or pink
|apex shape=obtuse;subacute;acute
|bark life cycle=younger
|bark some measurement=2cm;5cm
|base shape=cuneate;more or less rounded
|blade shape=suborbiculate;less rhombic;elliptic-oblong or ovate-rhombic
|blade some measurement=3cm;8cm
|blade texture=coriaceous
|blade width=thin
|bracteole arrangement or course or shape=linear
|bracteole duration=caducous
|bracteole texture=membranous
|branch coloration=dark gray-brown
|branch pubescence=glabrate;villous
|branch width=thick
|flower diameter=12mm;18mm
|gland coloration=black
|growth coloration=orangebrown overlaid with gray;gray;dark gray
|growth life cycle=new
|growth pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|hypanthium pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|inflorescence architecture=(5-)8-25-flowered
|lenticel orientation=horizontal
|lenticel presence=absent
|lenticel prominence=conspicuous
|lobe apex shape=more or less subacute;more or less rounded
|lobe prominence=obscure;evident
|lobe quantity=1;4
|margin architecture=eglandular
|margin architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|margin architecture or shape=glandular-serrate;serrate
|margin shape=denticulate
|petiole architecture=glandular;eglandular
|petiole life cycle=young
|petiole pubescence=hairy;glabrous
|petiole some measurement=1cm;3cm
|plant architecture=coriaceous-leaved
|pome pubescence=glabrous;hairy
|pyrene quantity=2;4
|sepal atypical some measurement=2.5mm;4mm
|sepal orientation=reflexed;erect-patent
|sepal prominence=prominent
|sepal size=accrescent
|sepal some measurement=4mm;7mm
|side relief=pitted
|side shape=plane
|sinuse depth=shallow;deep
|stamen atypical quantity=10;20
|stamen quantity=10;5
|style quantity=2;5
|thorn atypical some measurement=5cm;7cm
|thorn coloration=blackish brown;redbrown;blackish brown;redbrown;dark-brown;old
|thorn orientation=recurved
|thorn quantity=2
|thorn reflectance=shiny
|thorn size=slender;stout
|thorn some measurement=2cm;5cm
|tooth architecture=craspedodromous
|twig course=straight
|vein prominence=impressed
|vein pubescence=not;hairy
|vein quantity=4;6
|whole_organism atypical some measurement=60dm;100dm
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
|whole_organism some measurement=30dm;60dm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Crataegus sect. Douglasia]]