Stillingia sylvatica

Linnaeus

Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 637. 1767.

Common names: Queen’s delight
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Stillingia angustifolia (Müller Arg.) Engelmann ex S. Watson S. sylvatica var. salicifolia Torrey S. sylvatica subsp. tenuis (Small) D. J. Rogers S. tenuis Small
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 236. Mentioned on page 234.

Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, with woody rhizome. Stems solitary or fascicled, erect or ascending, mostly unbranched, (1–) 2.5–7 (–12) dm. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole 0–0.4 (–0.8) cm; blade ovate, elliptic, lanceolate, obovate, or oblanceolate, 1–10 × 0.5–-3 cm, base acute or broadly cuneate, margins serrulate to crenulate, teeth without prominent blackened tips, incurved, apex acute, obtuse or rounded; midvein prominent, secondary-veins ± obscure. Inflorescences sessile or short-pedunculate, 3–9 cm; staminate cymules ± crowded, 4–7-flowered; pistillate flowers 3–4, crowded; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5 × 2 mm, apex rounded or obtuse, glands patelliform, sessile, 1.5–2 mm diam. Staminate flowers: calyx 1 mm. Pistillate flowers: sepals persistent, 3, well developed, elliptic; styles connate 1/3 length, to 5 mm. Capsules globose, 6–12 mm diam., shallowly 3-lobed; lobes of gynobase 4–6 mm; columella not persistent. Seeds light gray, short cylindric, 4.5 × 3 mm, rugose; caruncle white, broadly crescent-shaped, 1–1.3 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun; fruiting Apr–Sep.
Habitat: Well-drained sandy soils, sandhills, pine flatwoods.
Elevation: 0–1400 m.

Distribution

Ala., Ark., Colo., Fla., Ga., Kans., La., Miss., N.Mex., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.

Discussion

Throughout the range of Stillingia sylvatica, leaves vary widely in length/width ratio, though seldom on the same plant.

Some populations in southern Florida have been recognized as Stillingia tenuis or S. sylvatica subsp. tenuis on the basis of linear or narrowly linear-elliptic leaves and slender, reddish inflorescences. Leaf blades of the southern Florida populations vary from linear to broadly elliptic and the reddish cast of the inflorescence is characteristic of only some of these populations and also occurs in S. aquatica. D. J. Rogers (1951) and G. L. Webster (1967) suggested that the characteristics used to define S. tenuis may be the result of introgression of S. aquatica into S. sylvatica, and that the putative subsp. tenuis might be an ecotype of predominantly calcareous soils of southern Florida.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."/3" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Stillingia sylvatica"
obtuse;rounded;rounded;obtuse;acute +
Michael J. Huft +
Linnaeus +
cuneate +  and acute +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
oblanceolate;obovate;oblanceolate;obovate;lanceolate;elliptic;ovate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (?) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
3-lobed +  and globose +
crescent--shaped +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
not persistent +
Queen’s delight +
4-7-flowered +  and staminate +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Kans. +, La. +, Miss. +, N.Mex. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +  and Va. +
0–1400 m. +
pistillate +  and staminate +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
subtending +
patelliform +
[2-]3-lobed +
Well-drained sandy soils, sandhills, pine flatwoods. +
short-pedunculate +  and sessile +
leaf-opposed +, terminal +  and axillary +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
deciduous +
palmate +  and pinnate +
spinulose-dentate +, serrulate +, dentate +  and entire +
serrulate +  and crenulate +
connate;distinct +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Jun +  and fruiting Apr–Sep. +
[2-]3-carpellate +
Syst. Nat. ed. +
light gray +
4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> (?) +
cylindric +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (?) +
persistent +
distinct +  and connate +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
ascending +  and erect +
multifid +  and 2-fid +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
Stillingia angustifolia +, S. sylvatica var. salicifolia +, S. sylvatica subsp. tenuis +  and S. tenuis +
Stillingia sylvatica +
Stillingia +
species +
spikelike +
blackened +
prominent +
subshrub +  and herb +