pannose-tomentose, adaxial green and glabrescent or glabrous, or grayish and arachnose, loosely tomentose, or subpannose. Heads disciform, usually in glomerules
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entire, sinuate-dentate, or pinnately lobed, abaxial faces tomentose to sparsely arachnose. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate, 10–25 mm diam. Phyllaries
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2–10, decumbent to ascending, and ± branched distally, glabrous or sparsely arachnose (sometimes only in leaf-axils). Cauline leaves: proximal oblanceolate
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hairy (internodes winged, margins spiny, faces ± scabrellous and/or sparsely arachnose). Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering); basal ±
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linear (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or denticulate, faces sparsely arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. Heads borne singly. Involucres campanulate
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margins entire or denticulate [pinnately lobed], faces glabrous or sparsely arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular, often glabrate. Heads borne singly [in
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oblanceolate to linear, margins entire or dentate [pinnately lobed], faces sparsely arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. Heads borne singly. Involucres campanulate
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page 541. Shrubs, 100–200 [–400+] cm (usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely arachnose or glabrate). Stems usually 1, erect to lax. Leaves cauline; alternate
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(usually relatively leafy proximally, sometimes sparsely leafy distally), glabrous or sparsely arachnose to tomentose. Cauline leaves: proximal (somewhat
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spines, 10–50 mm; secondaries filiform to clavate, 2–12 (–20) mm, sparsely arachnose or glabrous. Heads 1–3 (in axils of spines). Peduncles 4–15 mm. Involucres
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margins narrowly scarious, apices obtuse to acute (often sparsely arachnose), faces glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent. Receptacles ± flat, pitted, glabrous
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lobulate-dentate [dentate, denticulate, entire], faces glabrous or sparsely arachnose to tomentose. Heads radiate, borne singly [in corymbiform to paniculiform
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adaxial usually greenish and glabrate or glabrous, sometimes grayish and sparsely arachnose. Heads usually discoid (unisexual or nearly so) or disciform, in glomerules
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1–11, erect or ascending, branched mostly proximally, glabrous or sparsely arachnose to puberulent and glabrescent. Cauline leaves: proximal mostly lance-linear
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ascending, branched from bases and distally, sparsely leafy, usually ± stipitate-glandular, sometimes sparsely arachnose or glabrous (sometimes glaucous). Cauline
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbage copiously to sparsely arachnose, tomentose, or villous at flowering. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline
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smaller distally), faces bicolor, abaxial closely white-pannose, adaxial sparsely arachnose (evident at 10×). Heads initially in continuous, cylindric arrays
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bracts distally), faces bicolor, abaxial closely white-pannose, adaxial sparsely arachnose (light green, hairs persistent, closely appressed, nearly microscopic)
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faces usually bicolor, abaxial closely white-pannose, adaxial usually sparsely arachnose (basal-cells of hairs persistent, expanded, glassy), sometimes glabrescent
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Mentioned on page 479. Perennials, 60–150 (–250) cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems sparsely arachnose. Leaves (crowded) sessile; blades oblong to elliptic, lanceovate,
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