and, if counted, are provided separately from fertile achenes. Cytology: ploidy levels obtained from flow cytometry calculations are based on nuclear DNA
23 KB (1,822 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
arranged by ploidy level, then by presumed genomic and phylogenetic order (H. Tobe et al. 1988; C. I. Peng 1988, 1989). Despite the different ploidy levels
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between species of the same ploidy level are apparently fertile with normal meiosis and spores, but those between different ploidy levels are sterile (J. G
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diversity of reported chromosome numbers for North American taxa shows several ploidy shifts, even within some taxa. The exact patterns cannot be fully tracked
16 KB (1,157 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
differences and a higher ploidy level (2n = 88, 132) compared with the more inland var. pulchellum (2n = 44). Whether or not the ploidy level difference is
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species in every combination he tried, regardless of morphology and level of ploidy, including such improbable hybrids as D. blochmaniae × pulverulenta, crossing
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North Carolina, Virginia). All three ploidy levels occur in Florida, where the three varieties are most distinct. Ploidy level correlates with involucre height
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also be associated with the ploidy differences reported in Orobanche corymbosa (L. R. Heckard and T. I. Chuang 1975). Ploidy and morphological instability
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N. D., C. Sears, and E. Elle. 2011. Variation in floral morphology and ploidy among populations of Collinsia parviflora and Collinsia grandiflora. Botany
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be hybridized, but the F1 plants are sterile when the parents differ in ploidy level. The F2 generation, when achieved, consists mainly of plants of low
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suspected that pollen diameter (volume) may be a useful surrogate to predict ploidy level in D. palustris. The bark of Dirca palustris is strong and pliable;
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thorn apple are used colloquially (see J. B. Phipps et al. 2003). Three ploidy levels (2x, 3x, and 4x) have been demonstrated in a wide range of North
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
some variation is apparent and is sometimes coincident with variability in ploidy level. In particular, in California and adjacent southwestern Oregon variability
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distinguished primarily by characteristics known to correlate with increases in ploidy level (such as spore size and the length of stomatal guard cells). Further
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(1976) found that major morphologic types coincide with three different ploidy levels. Most plants with fully pinnate leaves (five to nine leaflets in
17 KB (1,336 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
monophyletic groups in molecular phylogenetic analyses. All exhibit various ploidy levels, and Hygroamblystegium can be compared to a complex of agamospermous
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followed here. Semple and Bowers (1987) reported on the distribution of ploidy levels within the genus. In a preliminary cladistic study of the Chrysopsidinae
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nashii (4x, 6x), and R. virginica (2x, 4x), conspecific plants of different ploidy apparently occur sympatrically and are completely reproductively isolated
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vulgaris by M. Bollinger (1996). Odontites vulgaris differs from O. vernus in ploidy level, the latter being tetraploid (4n = 40), and by degree of branching
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evolution. Fortunately, a strong correlation between pollen morphology and ploidy level/reproductive mode facilitates the separation of sexual diploids from
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020