Rumex paraguayensis

D. Parodi

Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 5: 160. 1878.

Common names: Paraguayan or Paraguay dock
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 528. Mentioned on page 497, 529.

Plants annual [sometimes biennial], glabrous or nearly so, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. Stems erect, branched above middle or in distal 2/3, 20–40 (–70) cm. Leaves: ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade distinctly obovate or sometimes panduriform, 4–6 (–7) × 2–4 (–5) cm, less than 4 times as long as wide, coriaceous, base cuneate or truncate, margins entire, flat or crisped, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually lax, occasionally rather dense in distalmost part, interrupted in basal 1/2, broadly paniculate, branches spreading. Pedicels articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform or indistinctly thickened, 2.5–6 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. Flowers 10–20 in rather dense whorls; inner tepals obovate-triangular to deltoid, 3–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm (excluding teeth), ca. 1.5 times as long as wide, base truncate, margins distinctly dentate, apex acute to subacute, straight, teeth 2–3 (–4), normally at each side of margins, triangular, straight, 0.4–1.5 mm, equaling or shorter than width of inner tepals; tubercles usually 3, equal or subequal, apex acute or subacute, smooth or minutely punctate. Achenes reddish-brown, 1.7–1.9 (–2) × 1–1.4 mm.


Phenology: Flowering summer.
Habitat: Coastal and riparian sites
Elevation: 0 m

Distribution

V5 1081-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Fla., La., South America

Discussion

Rumex paraguayensis is closely related to R. obovatus and may be confused with it or, less frequently, with other species having dentate inner tepals (e.g., R. dentatus, R. obtusifolius, and R. pulcher). Rumex paraguayensis and R. obovatus appear to belong to a separate, undescribed subsection.

This species was first reported for North America from Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana, by J. W. Thieret (1969c). Its status in North America is uncertain; J. H. Horton (1972) excluded it from the list of Polygonaceae of the southeastern United States. I have seen only two immature specimens from Florida.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Rumex paraguayensis"
unwinged +  and weakly winged +
0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
reddish-brown +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br />) +
pyramidal +, compressed-3-gonous +  and 3-gonous +
1mm;1.4mm +
yellow +  and brownish yellow +
ovate +  and elongate +
straight +
punctate +  and smooth +
subacute;acute;acute;subacute +
Sergei L. Mosyakin +
D. Parodi +
not articulated +
cuneate +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
panduriform;obovate +
coriaceous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
tuberculate +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Paraguayan or Paraguay dock +
Fla. +, La. +  and South America +
free +  and distinct +
unisexual +, bisexual +  and , +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Coastal and riparian sites +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
always distinctly wider and longer +
obovate-triangular +  and deltoid +
1.8mm +  and 2.5mm +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
crisped +, flat +  and entire +
smaller +
narrower +
swollen +
partly +  and foliaceous +
persistent +  and deciduous +
cylindric +
membranous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
accrescent +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
red;pinkish;red;pinkish;green +
campanulate +
accrescent +
fleshy +, indurate +  and membranous +
Flowering summer. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. +
slender;stout +
Introduced +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br />) +
papillose-pubescent +  and glabrous +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
plumose +  and fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
distinct +
reflexed;spreading +
spreading;erect +
Rumex sect. Simplices +
Rumex paraguayensis +
Rumex sect. Rumex +
species +
lobed +  and laciniate +
coriaceous +
straight +
triangular +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
nearly +  and glabrous +
10 +, 9 +, 8 +  and 7 +