Rhynchospora filifolia

A. Gray

Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 366. 1836.

Illustrated
Synonyms: Phaeocephalum filifolium (A. Gray) House
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 234. Mentioned on page 206, 232.
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Plants perennial, cespitose, 30–80 (–100) cm; rhizomes absent. Culms erect or excurved, mostly filiform, leafy proximal to midculm, obtuse-angled to subterete, wiry. Leaves overtopped by culm; blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–2 mm wide, distally tapering-triquetrous. Inflorescences: spikelet clusters 2–3 (–4), distant, narrowly turbinate to hemispheric, mostly shorter than subtending setaceous bract. Spikelets redbrown, lanceoloid, 2.5–3 (–4) mm, apex acuminate; fertile scale elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, acute, midrib excurrent as cusp or aristula. Flowers: bristles 6, reaching tubercle tip or beyond, antrorsely barbellate, base setose. Fruits 2–4 per spikelet, 1.5–1.7 mm, on setose pedicellar joint 0.2 mm, body with faces redbrown with pale glassy center, decurrent tubercle base; surfaces smooth; turbercle concavely triangular, 0.4–0.6 mm, setulose-ciliate.


Phenology: Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat: Sands and peats of bogs, pineland pond shores, seeps, and low savannas in pinelands
Elevation: 0–300 m

Distribution

V23 416-distribution-map.jpg

Ala., Del., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.J., N.C., S.C., Tex., Va., West Indies (Cuba), Central America, South America

Discussion

On the acidic, sphagnous substrates shaded by Taxodium ascendens, Nyssa biflora, and Ilex myrtifolia stands in western Florida and southern Alabama, culms of Rhynchospora filifolia reach their greatest length and are lax, leaning on other vegetation, and produce increasingly more distant clusters of spikelets that are of a paler color than is usual for the species. In fact, R. filifolia presents the greatest morphologic spectrum for its complex of species, a complex best held together by the uniformity of its fruits.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number."wider" is not a number.

... more about "Rhynchospora filifolia"
acuminate +
Robert Kral +
A. Gray +
2-lobed +  and lunate +
scabridulous +  and scabrid +
tapering-triquetrous +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
warty +, papillate +, alveolate +  and pitted +
ridged +, terete +, lenticular +  and flattened +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
proximal +  and midculm +
obtuse-angled +  and subterete +
Ala. +, Del. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, N.J. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Va. +, West Indies (Cuba) +, Central America +  and South America +
0–300 m +
distalmost +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Sands and peats of bogs, pineland pond shores, seeps, and low savannas in pinelands +
racemose +, corymbose +  and paniculate +
erect +, rarely +  and spreading +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +
3-ranked +  and polystichous +
cauline +  and basal +
keeled;terete;keeled;terete +
revolute +  and involute +
decurrent +
plumed +  and barbed +
deciduous +  and persistent +
shorter or longer +
of 2-12(-20) bristles +
Fruiting summer–fall. +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York +
adventitious +
basal +  and proximal +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
cylindric +
Illustrated +
distant +  and cluster +
lanceoloid;narrowly turbinate;hemispheric +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
2 +  and 3 +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
cleft +, 2-fid +  and undivided +
Phaeocephalum filifolium +
Rhynchospora filifolia +
Rhynchospora +
species +
sulcate +  and 2-edged +
flattened +, terete +, triangular +  and conic +
triangular +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
plant +  and cespitose +