Ratibida columnifera

(Nuttall) Wooton & Standley

Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 706. 1915.

Common names: Upright prairie coneflower redspike Mexican-hat.
Basionym: Rudbeckia columnifera Nuttall Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no. 75. 1813
Synonyms: Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 62. Mentioned on page 61.

Perennials, to 105+ cm; taprooted. Leaves 2–15+ × 0.8–6 cm, 1–2-pinnatifid, lobes 3–14, narrowly linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-ovate, 1–16 mm wide, faces hirsute, glanddotted. Heads 1–15, held well beyond leaves. Peduncles (1.5–) 6.5–48+ cm (ribs tan, prominent). Phyllaries 5–14, outer linear, 4–14 × 0.5–2 mm, inner lanceolate-ovate, 0.8–3 × 0.8–2 mm. Paleae 2.3–3.5 × 0.5–3 mm, resin-glands oval-oblanceolate, 0.6–1.5 mm. Ray-florets 4–12; corollas yellow, purplish yellow, or maroon, sometimes bicolor (maroon/yellow), laminae lanceolate-ovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 7–35 × 4–17 mm. Discs columnar, 10–50 × 7–12 mm. Disc-florets 200–400+; corollas greenish yellow, often purplish distally, 1–2.5 mm; style-branches 0.5–1.4 mm, proximal 2/3–3/4 stigmatic, apices rounded. Cypselae oblong, 1.2–3 × 1.2–2 mm, abaxial margins glabrous, adaxial margins and apices glabrous or ciliate; pappi (tan) usually of 1–2 toothlike projections, sometimes 0.2n = 28.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Nov.
Habitat: Prairies
Elevation: 10–2200 m

Distribution

V21-135-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., Ariz., Ark., Colo., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., La., Mass., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.J., N.Mex., N.C., N.Dak., Okla., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Wis., Wyo., Mexico (Chihuahua), Mexico (Coahuila), Mexico (Hidalgo), Mexico (Nuevo León), Mexico (San Luis Potosí), Mexico (Tamaulipas), Mexico (Veracruz)

Discussion

Ratibida columnifera is grown as an ornamental and is often included in wild flower plantings. Such activities may extend the geographic range of the species to roadsides and prairie-like habitats.

Some variants of Ratibida columnifera have been treated as varieties or forms. The most prominent of these is forma pulcherrima (de Candolle) Fernald, which is characterized by its showy, purplish yellow to purple rays; it is more frequent in the southwestern part of the range of the species. In the typical form, rays are yellow (E. L. Richards 1968).

Some authors have argued that Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don is the correct name for this species; J. L. Reveal (1968) and E. L. Richards (1968) provided synoptic discussions of the issue.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Ratibida columnifera"
ciliate +  and glabrous +
ciliate +  and glabrous +
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
connate +  and distinct +
rounded +
subequal +
scarious +
usually ovate +  and lanceolate +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Lowell E. Urbatsch +  and Patricia B. Cox +
(Nuttall) Wooton & Standley +
decurrent +
Rudbeckia columnifera +
compound +  and simple +
lanceolate;ovate or oblanceolate +
winged;ribbed;winged;ribbed +
tuberculate +  and rugose +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
Upright prairie coneflower +  and redspike Mexican-hat. +
purplish +, greenish yellow +, bicolor +, maroon +, purplish yellow +  and yellow +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
hairy +  and glabrous +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
columnar +
7mm;12mm +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Ont. +, Sask. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, La. +, Mass. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico (Chihuahua) +, Mexico (Coahuila) +, Mexico (Hidalgo) +, Mexico (Nuevo León) +, Mexico (San Luis Potosí) +, Mexico (Tamaulipas) +  and Mexico (Veracruz) +
10–2200 m +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
oval-oblanceolate +
Prairies +
in loose , corymbiform arrays +  and singly +
indeterminate +
homogamous +  and heterogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.8mm +  and 3mm +
0.8mm +  and 2mm +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
lanceolate-ovate +  and elliptic-oblanceolate +
4mm;17mm +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
cauline +  and basal +
1-2-pinnatifid +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
narrowly linear-lanceolate +  and narrowly oblong-ovate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (?) +
dentate to pinnatifid or palmatifid +  and entire +
pectinate-fimbriate +  and ciliate +
4mm +  and 14mm +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
2-carpellate +
2.3mm +  and 3.5mm +
0.5mm;3mm +
persistent +
coroniform +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (6.5 cm65 mm <br />0.065 m <br />) +
6.5 cm65 mm <br />0.065 m <br /> (48 cm480 mm <br />0.48 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Nov. +
5 +  and 14 +
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. +
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
subspheric;columnar +
2 +  and 8 +
exalbuminous +
strigoso-hirsute +
1 +  and 12 +
appendaged +  and truncate +
hirsutulous +  and glabrous +
papillate +
Ratibida columnaris +
Ratibida columnifera +
Ratibida +
species +
cylindric +
toothed +  and serrate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (105 cm1,050 mm <br />1.05 m <br />) +
tree +, shrub +  and subshrub +